人教版高一英语必修一Unit4语法

1、Unit4Unit4英语中表示“许多”的词组很多，按其用法可以分为以下三类： 1、修饰可名词：many、a(great/large)number of、 a few、many a、several等。many a 的意思相当于many , 但many a 后边接可数名词单数，如： Many a student has such a question.许多同学有这样的疑问。 A number of students have passed the exam.许多学生都通过了考试。 2、修饰不可数名词：much、a great deal of、a large amount of等。 We can g

2、et a great deal of(a large amount of) information from internet.我们可以从互联网上获得大量信息。 3、既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词：a lot of (lots of ); plenty of; a large quantity of 等。 Plenty of the water is polluted.许多水都被污染了。 Plenty of the rivers are polluted.许多河都被污染了。a beautiful girl一个漂亮的女孩定语：用来修饰，限定，说明名词或代词，或具有名词的品质与特征的词。作定

3、语的词主要是形容词或者是相当于形容词的词，短语或者句子，汉语中常用“.的”表示。1. 1. 定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句. . 定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后. .2. 2. 先行词: : 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词. . 3. 3. 关系词: : 引导定语从句的词叫关系词. . 关系词有关系代词和关系副词. . 关系代词有that, which, that, which, who, whom, whose, aswho, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, when, where, whywhere, why等. . 关系词通常有下列三个作

4、用： A A. . 引导定语从句； B B. . 代替先行词； C C. . 在定语从句中担当一成分. . 关系代词关系副词 先行词 句中作用省否whowho人主语 关系代词在句中作宾语可以省略whomwhom人宾语whichwhich物主语宾语 that that人物主语宾语whosewhose人物定语WhenWhen时间状语wherewhere地点状语whywhyreasonreason 状语the handsomethe tallthe strong the cleverthe naughtyboyThe boy is Tom.The boy who is handsome is Tom

5、.The boy who is tall is Tom.The boy who is strong is TomThe boy who is clever is TomThe boy who is naughty is Tom.1.who指人，在定语从句中做指人，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语。主语或者宾语。 The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling. The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face. The boy who is smiling is Tom. (主语主语)The boy who has a round face is

6、 Tom. The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.The boy who sits in front of me is Tom. The woman got the job. The woman can speak Russian.The woman who can speak Russian got the job. The teacher will give us a talk. The teacher is famous.The teacher who is famous will give us a talk. The man is kind.

7、Everyone likes him. The man (whom) everyone likes is kind. (宾语宾语) The woman got the job. We saw her on the street. 2.whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语。指人，在定语从句中做宾语。 The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job. The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teacher yesterday. The teacher (whom) we met yesterday wi

8、ll give us a talk. Ex:He is the teacher. The teacher can speak French. He is the teacher who can speak French. Do you know the man? He came to visit you today. Do you know the man who came to visit you today? The lady stepped on his foot. He was dancing with the lady.The lady (whom) he was dancing w

9、ith stepped on his foot. Do you know the man? You will visit him today.Do you know the man whom you will visit today?applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is smallThe apple which is green is big.3.which指物，在从句中做主语或

10、者宾语指物，在从句中做主语或者宾语 Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat. The goat is eating her flowers.Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat which (主语主语) is eating her flowers. Can you lend me the book? You talked about it last night.Can you lend me the book (which) (宾语宾语) you talked about last night. 4.that 指人指人/物，作主语或宾语

11、物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine. It can fly.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man. I told you about him.He is the man (that) I told you about.5.whose5.whose 在定语从句中作定语在定语从句中作定语, ,表示引导表示引导词与词与 whosewhose 后的名词为所属关系。后的名词为所属关系。 whosewhose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of of whichwhic

12、h互换使用。互换使用。 This is the book. The books cover is blue.This is the book. The books cover is blue.This is the book This is the book whosewhose cover is blue. cover is blue.This is the book This is the book of whichof which the cover is blue. the cover is blue. This is the book This is the book the cov

13、er of whichthe cover of which is blue. is blue.Do you know the girl?Her hair is very short in our classDo you know the girl whose hair is the hair of whomvery short in our class?He is the student.I broke his pencil yesterdayHe is the student whose pencil the pencil of whomI broke yesterday. Mr King

14、was quickly taken to hospital. Her legs were badly hurt.Mr King Mr King whosewhose legs were badly hurt legs were badly hurt was quickly taken to hospital.was quickly taken to hospital.We shall make a decision about Ms King. I have told you her story.We shall make a decision about Ms King We shall m

15、ake a decision about Ms King whosewhose story I have told you. story I have told you.The chair is being repaired now.The legs of the chair are broken.The chair,whose legs are broken the legs of which are broken, of which the legs are broken is being repaired now.The boss of the company told the stor

16、y about . His name was Mr Little.The boss of the company, whose name was Mr Little, told the story about Ms KingThis teacher is liked by all the students.I work with her son. This teacher,with whose son I work, is liked by all the studentsThe boss had heard about the accident.Mr King worked in his d

17、epartment.The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident. that和和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下但在下列情况下, 一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.Ive read all the books that are not mine. This is the first book (that) he has read.Thi

18、s is the very book that belongs to him.(1) 先行词为先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything 等不定代词时。等不定代词时。(2)先行词被先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等等 修饰时。修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。修饰时。(5) 先行词是先行词是who或或who引导的主句。引导的主句。 Who i

19、s the girl that drove the car? Who that broke the window will be punished.(6) 主句以主句以There be 引导时引导时 There are 200 people that didnt know the thing. (7) 当先行词在定语从句中作当先行词在定语从句中作be表语时，关表语时，关系代词用系代词用that. She isnt the girl that she was 10 years ago.(8)当先行词是当先行词是which时，关系代词用时，关系代词用that.Which is the book t

20、hat you bought last week?1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle _ were in the fields.2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in front of our school gate.3.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.4.This is the second novel _I have ever read.5.There is nothing in the world _ can fri

21、ghten me.6.Who is the man _ is reading under the tree?7.My hometown is not the same one _ it used to be twenty years ago.thatthatthatthatthatthatthat who,that （先行词为人）区别（先行词为人）区别1.用用who不用不用that的情况：的情况：(1)当先行词为当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。时。(2)当先行词为人称代词时。当先行词为人称代词时。He who does not reach the Great Wall

22、is not a true man.Those who have any difficulty with pronunciation should practise2.只能用只能用which,which,不用不用thatthat的情况的情况: : 1.介词前置时关系代词只能用介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物先行词为物)2. 引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which(1) She failed the exam, which made her parents vary angry. (2)My glasses,witho

23、ut which I was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke.1 The river _are covered with trees is very long. A which banks B of which banks C whose the banks D the banks of which2 she likes to use words _is clear to him.A of which the meaning B of which meaningC whose of meaning D meaning of which

24、3 Themanager_company they worked agreed _their decision.A which, with B in which, to C whose, with D in whose, with4 Look! The dictionary ,_is red, is a birthday gift given by my parents. A which cover B the cover of which C the whose cover D that the cover5 Mr Brown,_, works as the manager of the c

25、ompany.A we got here in his car B we got here by carC in whose car we got here D by whose car we got hereDADBCAs As 也可以用来引导定语从句也可以用来引导定语从句.当先行词与当先行词与as,so,such,the same 连用或先行词本身是连用或先行词本身是such,the same时时,关系代词用关系代词用as. As在从句中作主语、在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。宾语或表语。1.He is not such a man as only thinks of himself. 2.I

26、 should like to use the same pen as I used yesterday.3.Such problems as are often mentioned should be solved.4.I will read as many books as are required.5. Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.（三）（三）“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引引导的定语从句导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由宾语时，从句常常由“介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词”引出。引出。

27、The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine for which you asked. This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis withyesterday

28、.This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday.Well go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. The manager whose company I work in pays much attention toimproving our working conditions.The manager in whose company I work pays much attention toimproving our working conditions.注意注意：1.含有介词的短语动词一般不含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。后面。如：如：look for, look after, take care of 等。等。This is the watch (which /