第五讲主谓一致

1、在英语中，句子的在英语中，句子的主语主语和和谓语动词谓语动词要保持要保持人称人称和和数数的一致关系，的一致关系，叫主谓一致！叫主谓一致！主谓一致主谓一致语法一致语法一致意义一致意义一致就近（一致）原则就近（一致）原则单数主语+单数谓语动词He is/He likes.复数主语+复数谓语动词、The rich areLiming and Chenling likeThe Chinese are hard-working.Chinese is not a difficult subject.not onlybut alsoneithernoreitherorthere be主谓一致主谓一致1、就近

2、原则就近原则 eitheror 和和就远原则就远原则 with, except, besides, as well as, but,2、to +动词和动词和 动词动词+ ing 作主语谓语用单数作主语谓语用单数3、不定代词作主语谓语用单数不定代词作主语谓语用单数 something, everything, anythingsomeone, everyone, anyone4、不可数名词作主语谓语用单数，有量词时要看量词、不可数名词作主语谓语用单数，有量词时要看量词 Two cups of tea are enough.To learn English well is important.练一

3、练：Reading in the sun _ bad for your eyes Aare Bwas Cis Dare Someone _ knocking at the door now Ais Bare Cwas DwereThe shoes _ mine,This pair of shoes _ my brothers. Aare，is Bis，are Care，are Dare，amEither Li Lei or I _ going to carry water for Grandmatomorrow Awas Bam Cis DAreAll but one _ here just

4、now. A. Has B. are C. was D. werecAABD5、否定词作主语谓语用单数、否定词作主语谓语用单数6、看词义：例如：、看词义：例如： the Greens , family, police, class, team, the young the speaker and writer, the number of, a number of , one of Each of, both of., some of, two thirds of7. 一个整体作主语谓语用单数一个整体作主语谓语用单数 twenty years, ten dollarsNo one except

5、 my close friends knows anything about this matter.How time flies! Ten years has passed.练一练：练一练：No news _ good newsAare Bis Cam DWereThe police _ looking for the lost boy Ais Bare Cbe Dwill beTen yuan _ not expensive Ais Bare Cbe DwasBBA考点考点1：语法一致原则：语法一致原则(1)动词不定式、动名词、从句或不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：Reading i

6、n the sun is bad for our eyes.(2)由and，bothand连接的两个名词作主语，表示两个不同的人或两个不同的人或物物时，谓语动词用复数复数；指同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数。如：The artist and the writer have come to our school. (艺术家和作家，两个人)The artist and writer has come to our school. (艺术家兼作家，同一个人)(3)不定代词不定代词(somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, ever

7、ybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing, each, every) 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Each of us has to bring a bucket to the park to plant trees.但是：We each have to bring a bucket to the park to plant trees.(4)clothes, trousers, pants, shorts, shoes, gloves 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但如果有量词量词“a kind of,

8、 a piece of, a pair of ”等词修饰时，则依量词的单复数来定。如：The trousers are very nice.The pair of trousers is very nice.(5)news(新闻)，politics(政治)，maths(数学)，physics(物理)等词，虽然形式上是以s结尾，但表示的意义是单数，故谓语动词要表示的意义是单数，故谓语动词要用单数形式用单数形式。相反，people，police等词形式上是单数形式，但表示复数意义，谓语动词要用复数形式。表示复数意义，谓语动词要用复数形式。 如：Maths is my favourite subje

9、ct. 数学是我最喜欢的学科。(6)a/an 单数名词单数名词or two，“一至两”；作主语时，作主语时，谓语动词谓语动词用单数。用单数。如：A teacher or two was late for school.练一练练一练 The doctor and writer _(have) been here for two years Nothing _ (be) impossible. A pair of new shoes _ given to me as a present by my father last week Toms new trousers _(be) blue He o

10、r she _ (have) gone there The news _ (be) very interesting hasisisarehasis(7)主语是主语是each/every单数名词单数名词and(each/every)单数名词单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。时，谓语动词用单数。如：如：Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。每个男人和女人都在工作。 (8)当主语部分含有当主语部分含有with

11、, together with, as well as, besides, except, but, like (像像)等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词与介词或等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词与介词或介词短语前面的名词保持一致。介词短语前面的名词保持一致。即就远原则即就远原则如：如：Everyone except Jim and Mike has read the book.Mrs Li with her friends goes shopping every weekend.My parents besides me are going to see the film tonight.All but

12、 one were here just now.考点考点2：就近一致原则：就近一致原则就近原则：就近原则：neithernor, either or, not onlybut also, not but, 以及以及there be连接两个并列的主语时，连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词跟它靠近的主语一致。谓语动词跟它靠近的主语一致。如：如：Neither you nor she likes listening to this song.注意：注意：neither of, either of, one of 作主语时，谓语动作主语时，谓语动词用词用单数单数如；如；Neither of the ans

13、wers is wrong. There is a pen, two books and some other things on the desk. 1. Robert with his two kids _to the beach for vacation every year. (2010广东中考)A. go B. goes C. went D. are going 2. Either Mary or he _going to Paris. Only one person may go there. (2008黑龙江)A. are B. is C. was 3. Both Jim and

14、 Kate_in Beijing now. They both_from America. (2008广东中考)A. is, come B. are, come Cis, comes D. are, comesBBB考点考点3: 意义一致的原则意义一致的原则(1)表示时间、距离、价格、重量、数目、数学运算等的词或短语表示时间、距离、价格、重量、数目、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，作主语时，表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数。表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数。 例如例如：Five and three is eight.(2)集体名词集体名词：family, class, team, group 等表示整体

15、概念时，谓语等表示整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；表示集体中的成员从事某一活动时，谓语动词用复数。动词用单数；表示集体中的成员从事某一活动时，谓语动词用复数。如：Class One is a very good class.Now Class One are having a football match on the playground.(3)the 形容词词表示一类人表示一类人时时，谓语动词用复数谓语动词用复数形式。如如：The old are looked after well in this old peoples house.(4)the 姓的复数形式姓的复数形式，表示一对夫妇或一家人

16、，谓语动词用，表示一对夫妇或一家人，谓语动词用复数复数如如：The Browns are going to Germany to spend their holiday next week.练一练：练一练： Every door and every window _ (be) to be cleaned The rich _ (be) not always happy Three months _ (be) not enough for us Neither of us _(dare) to climb the tall tree Mr Read，with his mother, _ (be)

17、 watching TV Five hundred miles _ (be)a long wayisaredaresisisis(5)分数、百分数作主语时，分数、百分数作主语时，依所修饰名词的单复数而定依所修饰名词的单复数而定，如：Three fourths of the work is done by the computer.(6)a number of “许多，大量许多，大量”；作主语时，谓语动词用复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数。the number of “的数量的数量”；作主语时，谓语动词用单数。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：The number of the workers in t

18、his factory is about 700.A number of the workers in this factory are women.(7)名词性物主代词名词性物主代词mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs等作等作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语时，谓语动词的数取决于后面名词的数后面名词的数，如：Hers is a new bike. 她她的是一辆新自行车。的是一辆新自行车。Ours are old bikes. 我们的是些旧自行车。我们的是些旧自行车。顾名思义：主语、谓语意义一致，即顾名思义：主语、谓语意义一致，即单数主语单数主语+单

19、数谓语，反之亦然单数谓语，反之亦然。考考你的观察与归纳能力！考考你的观察与归纳能力！1.Three hours _(be)not a short time.2. 35 dollars _(be) too much for her to buy this bag.3.Class4 _(be)a big warm family.4.Our class _(be) going to have a picnic this week.5.Three fourths of the work_(be) done by the computer.6.Only one fifth(20%) of the boy

20、s _(like) playing basketball.7. Yours _(be) a new bike. Ours _(be) old ones.8. The young _(like)pop music very much.9.The Greens _(be) visiting the Great Wall at the moment.10. The number of the students in Class6 _(be) 54, and a number of them _(like) English very much.isisisareislikeisarelikeareis

21、like 策略点拨：一般说来，主谓一致的用法，在中考中贯穿于任何题型，无论是单项选择、完形填空还是短文填空以及听力、写作等。在做题时，一定要考虑语法是否一致，意义是否一致，以及相关的标志词，如就远原则、就近原则的代表词、分数等。1. Both Li Lei and Han Meimei _ fond of the TV program A Bite of China. I am also deeply moved by its stories！ (2012广东中考)Ais Bam Cwas Dare 2. David, there _ a dictionary and some books o

22、n your desk. Please put them away.OK. Mum. Ill do it right away. (2011广东中考)A. is B. are C. has D. have DA The number of the students in our school_ 1809, and a number of them _.A: is , come from village. B: are, comes from villageC: is, came from village D: are, came from village2. The Whites _the G

23、reat Wall at the moment.A: are visiting B: is visitingC: visits D: visitAA1.China _ a large population.And two thirds of the them _ in the east.A: has , lives B: has, liveC: have, live D: have , liveB近义词区分arrive in(at) / get to / reacharrive in+大地点 at + 小地点 如果后没地点时只能用arriveget to +地点reach +地点：另外reac

24、h还有“够到，达到”之意 My uncle reach Beijing yesterday.My grandpa has reached 100 years old.注意：如果动词后接副词home, here, there时，则介词省略。如：come here, arrive there, get home1. - Has your uncle _ - Not yet.2. He is the first to _ to the top of mountain.3. Can you _ the flag on the wall?4. Last night they _ at a little

25、village and stayed there for a whole night.arrivedgetreacharrivedbeat/ win 赢，打败beat 的宾语是对手，可以是物， 也可以是人beat sb; beat 还可以表示“用力击打或心脏跳动”win宾语是 赢来的东西或打赢的比赛或战争。Class One won the basketball match.1. I cant believe that their team can_ ours.2. Come on. You must _ the match.3. Dont be nervous. Make sure you

26、can_ . beatwinwinborrow/ lend/ keep借borow借入，常用词组 borrow. from. I borrowed a book from him.lend 借出，常用词组lend. to.He lent a book to me.keep 借，后面+一段时间You can keep the book for a week.1. - Can I _ your dictionary? - Sure. But you can only _ it for an hour.2. My bike was broken on the way. The kind old ma

27、n _ his bike to me.borrowkeeplentbring/ take/ fetch/ get/ carrybring 拿来（由远到近，单程）take 带走（由近到远，单程）take sth with sbfetch= get 去拿来（由说话地到别地拿东西来，双程）carry携带，运载，不强调方向。常指较重的东西。1. Can you help me _ the box upstairs?2. Lucy, please go to my office and _ your exercise book to the clarssroom.3. _ an umbrella wit

28、h you. Its raining.4. Please dont forget to _ your homework to school.carryfetchTake bringdress/ put on/ wear/ indress + 人“ 给.穿put on +衣服 穿上 表动作. 还有意思为上演wear+衣服 穿着表状态in+颜色/衣服穿着 表状态1. His brother is old enough to _ himself.2. He likes _ a hat.3. The boy _ red is Jims brother. 4. _ your coat. Its cold

29、 outside.dresswearinginPut onlook for/ find/ find outlook for “寻找”，强调动作。 find ” 找到，发现”。强调结果。常用句型 sb find it + adj. to do sth find out “查明，找出真理”（经过调查，访问等努力之后发现事实）1. I cant _ my exercise book. So I am _ it.2. The teacher has _ who broke the window of classroom.findlooking forfound outlisten to / hear/

30、 sound listen“听” 强调动作 ，不及物动动词后不带宾语。带宾语时要加 to 例：listen to mehear 听见，强调结果sound听起来，后接形容词1. The music _ wonderful. He _it so carefully that he couldnt _ his mother calling him.2. Please _ carefully in class. If you cant _ clearly, you can sit in front.soundslistened tohearlistenhearlook at/ see/ lookloo

31、k ”看“ 强调动作，不及物动词，后不带宾语。 带宾语时要加 at 例: look at the picture.look ”看起来“，后加形容词。see “看见”， 强调结果。1. _ , the baby is smiling. Can you _?2. Please _ the blackboard. Dont _ outside.3. It _ beautiful.Lookseelook atlooklookslook / see/ read/ watchlook 看，强调看的动作。see 看见，强调结果。注意see a film/ watch a movie常用词组see sb do

32、 sth / see sb doing sthread 看，指看报刊，书刊，杂志等。watch观看，注视“，主要强调看电影，比赛。常用词组watch sb do sth / watch sb doing sth1. After lunch, his father always _ newspaper on the sofa.2. Bill was late for work this morning because he _ football match too late last night.3. - Can I _ your photos ? - Of course.4. Last weekend our family _ the film 2012.readswatchedlook atsawforget/ leaveforget“忘记”常用词组 forget to do sth忘记去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做了某事leave “离