中考英语介词讲解及练习

1、（1） 介词 介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。（2） 介词的用法 作定语: 介词短语在句中作定语时，放在所修饰的名词之后。 e.g. He is the monitor of Class Four. 他是四班班长。 作状语：介词短语作状语，用来修饰句中的动词。 e.g. We do eye exercises at nine every morning. 我们

2、每天上午九点钟做眼保健操。 注意：在含有介词短语作状语的句子中，状语按照先地点（由小到大），再方式，最后时间（由小到大）的顺序排列。 e.g. He arrived in Paris by air at 9:00.他9点钟乘飞机到了巴黎。 作表语: 介词短语作表语时往往与连系动词一起使用。e.g. It sounds like fun. 这听起来很有趣。 （3） 介词的分类 1. in, at, on 与表示时间、地点的词连用 表示时间时，in后接表示一段时间的词，如：年、月、星期、四季或morning, afternoon, evening (注意：noon, night前用at)，但当mo

3、rning 或Sunday 等前有this, that, next, last 等词修饰时，一般不用介词。 at 多用于钟点时刻前，所表示的时间大多比较短暂。 e.g. at a quarter to eleven 在10:45 on 主要用在星期几、具体某一天或某一天的早、午、晚或节日前。 e.g. on Mid-Autumn Day在中秋节 on June 2nd在六月二日 表示地点时，in与表示“国家”、“城市”等大地方的词连用。 e.g. in Shanghai 在上海 in China 在中国 at用于小地点前。in表示“在里面、内部、某一范围内”，on表示“在上”。 e.g. at

4、 the desk 在桌子旁 on the tree 表示树上长的东西“在树上”。 in the tree 表示人或其他东西“在树上”。 on the wall 表示东西张贴或挂“在墙上”。 in the wall 表示门、窗等嵌“在墙上”。 2. in, to, on 与表示方位的词连用 in 表示在某地区范围之内；to 表示在某地区范围以外；表示与某地接壤用on。 e.g. Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东边。 The Pacific Ocean is on

5、the east of China.太平洋在中国的东边。 3. between 和among 表示“在中间” between 表示两者之间; among表示在三者或三者以上之间。 e.g. Mike sits between Peter and me. 迈克坐在彼得和我之间。 His parents were among those people.他的父母在那些人中间。 4. with 和in表示“用” 表示“用工具”用with; 表示“用材料、语言、声音”用in。 e.g. Please write with a pen. 请用钢笔写。 Say it in English, please.

6、请用英语说。 5. across 和through 表示“穿过”的区别 两者都用于表示“穿过，越过”，across含有“从表面穿过”之意，表示游渡、乘船过海或过河时用across; through 含有“从内部穿过”之意。 e.g. The train is running through the tunnel.火车正穿过隧道。 The train is running across the bridge. 火车正穿过大桥。 6. but, besides 和except 表示“除了” but表示“除之外”，常与有否定意义的词连用;except 表示“除之外（不再有）”，指从整体中排除exce

7、pt 所带人或物，前面常有all, every, any, no及其他复合词，但在否定句中，except 却没有排斥性；besides表示“除了之外（还有）”，它的意义是在原来的基础上加上besides 除外的人或物，其前常有another, other, any other, a few 等词。 e.g. Weve had nothing but trouble with this car.我们这辆车净出毛病。 She knows nothing except English.她除了英语之外，什么也不懂。 We all went to visit the zoo except Li Lei.

8、除了李雷外，我们都去了动物园。 Li Lei also went to the park besides you.除了你之外，李雷也去了公园。（4） 介词与其他词类的搭配1名词与介词的搭配a bit of有一点儿 a couple of两个、几个a kind of一种、一类 cover an area of占地面积have pity on sb.怜悯某人 huge amounts of大量的make friends with与交朋友 make fun of拿开玩笑meet the needs of迎合的需要 one after another一个接一个；连续地play a trick on捉弄

9、 the week after next下下周2动词与介词的搭配agree with sb.同意某人的意见 apologize to sb. for sth.为某事向某人道歉arrive at/in a place到达某地 ask for请求、寻求be covered with被所覆盖 be made of由制成be made up of由组成 belong to属于break into破门而人、闯入 call on拜访care for照顾、喜欢 carry out执行check in办理登机 come across被理解；遇见come from出生于、来自 come on跟我来、走吧comm

10、unicate with与交 cut down砍倒deal with= do with处理 depend on= rely on依靠、依赖die of因病而死 dream of梦见dress up穿着、打扮 eat up= finish off吃光、喝完、吞噬enter for报名参加 fall off从跌落fill in填充、填写 find out找出、查明、了解get along/on with进展、与相处 get in the way挡道get in进入、收集 get on上车get off下车 get rid of摆脱get ready for为作准备 get to到达get tire

11、d of对感到厌倦 go in for参加、从事于、酷爱 ，go ahead先走、向前走；去吧 go for a swim去游泳go on a diet实行节食 go over复习go on with继续做某事 grow up长大、成长hand in上交 hear from收到的来信hear of听说 help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事hold on等等（别挂电话） hold up举起hurry off匆忙离开 joinn参加、加入keep. from使不做 keep in touch with与保持联系keep off阻挡；不让接近 knock over撞倒、撞翻later

12、on过来；后来 laugh at嘲笑learn., from向学习 leave for动身去let out放出 line up整队；排成行live on靠为生 look after照顾；照料look at看；观看 look for寻找look forward to期待着 look like看上去像；显得look out of从朝外看 look up查寻；抬头看make out辨认出 make up ones mind下决心meet with遭遇 operate on sb.为动手术pay for付钱 pick out拾起play with玩弄 point at指向；指着point out指出

13、praise sb. for sth.为某事表扬某人prefer. to(比起来)更喜欢 prepare for准备protect. from保护免受 pull down推倒put off延期 put on穿；戴上；上演put out伸出 put up举起；挂起run after追捕；追踪 run away逃跑search for搜寻；搜查 see off为送行sell out售完 set out/off for出发去；起程去set up建立；设立 shake hands with与握手share with与分享 show off炫耀show sb around带某人参观 shut up住口s

14、peed up加快速度 stop.from阻止做take away拿走 take care of照料take charge of负责；管理； take hold of抓住take in吸入 take off脱掉（衣物等）；起飞take out取出 take part in参加 take up开始从事 talk about谈到talk to/with与.谈话 tell. from区别；分辨think of想起；想到 think over仔细考虑throw away扔掉 tie up捆绑try on 试穿 turn down（把音量）调低turn into变成 turn off关掉（电灯、电视、收

15、音机等）turn on开，旋开（电灯、电视、收音机等） turn over翻车；翻阅；翻身turn out结果是；证明是 wake up醒来；叫醒wait for等待；等候 write down写下work out算出；制定出3. 形容词与介词的搭配be afraid of害怕 be angry with生气be bad for有害于 be busy with 忙于be careful with小心 be different from与不同be familiar to为所熟悉 be famous for以而闻名be fond of爱好 be good at/poor at擅长be intere

16、sted in对感兴趣 be keen on喜爱be late for迟到 be located in/on/at位于be pleased with对满意 be proud of为而感到自豪be ready for为做准备 be surprised at对感到惊奇be thankful to对很感激 be used to习惯于be worried about为而担心 far away from离遥远plenty of许多4.其他介词1）表示时间的介词after school放学后 at first起先，开始的时候at once=in no time立刻；马上 at present现在；目前at

17、 the same time同时 at the moment此时；当时；目前；那时from now on从此以后 from time to time不时；有时in a minute一会儿 in ones fifties在某人五十多岁时in the end=at last最后；终于 in the future在将来in the years to come在即将来临的几年中 in time及时out of date过时2）表示事物之间位置的介词at school在学校；在上课 at work在工作in front of在前面 in hospital住院in line成一排；成一直线 in the

18、middle of在中间next to紧挨着；紧靠着 on ones side在某人一边on the right在右边 on the other hand另一方面on show 在展出 out of从里出来；缺乏over there在那边 up and down上上下下3）表示方式、手段的介词by bus乘公共汽车 by oneself亲自by phone= on the phone打电话 by the way顺便说；顺便问一下in a hurry匆忙 in English用英语in ones opinion根据某人的看法 in return作为回报instead of代替；而不是 in su

19、rprise惊奇地in this way这样 on business有事；出差on foot步行；走路 on holiday在休假on the/ones way to在去的路上 with great care非常小心with one voice异口同声 with ones own eyes亲眼（目睹）with the help of在的帮助下4)表示原因、目的的介词because of因为 in order to为了for example例如 with pleasure愉快地5)表示根据、所属、比较等的介词according to按照 after all终究；毕竟belong to属于 in

20、all总共in charge of负责 in fact事实上in trouble处于困境中 not at all一点也不；根本不of course当然 the sameas与同样（5） 介词练习 1. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived _ 5 oclock _ the morning. A. on; in B. at; in C. at; on D. in; on 2. Wheres Lily? We are all here _ her. A. beside B. about C. except D. with 3. She sent he

21、r friend a postcard _ a birthday present. A. on B. as C. for D. of 4. Jack has studied Chinese in this school _ the year of 2000. A. since B. in C. on D. by 5. -What is a writing brush, do you know? -Its _ writing and drawing. A. with B. to C. for D. by 6. English is widely used _ travellers and bus

22、iness people all over the world. A. to B. for C. as D. by 7. _ the help of my teacher, I caught up with the other students. A. Under B. In C. With D. On 8. Hong Kong is _ the south of China, and Macao is _ the west of Hong Kong. A. in; to B. to; to C. to; in D. in; in 9. -Youd better not go out now.

23、 Its raining. -It doesnt matter. My new coat can keep _ rain. A. in B. of C. with D. off 10. Japan lies _ the east of China. A. to B. in C. about D. at 11. China lies _ the east of Asia and _ the north of Australia.A. to; to B. in; to C. to; in D. in; on12. _ the afternoon of March 8, the women in t

24、he city had a big party.A. To B. In C. At D. On13. Wheres Lily? We are all here _ her.A. besides B. about C. except D. with14. Mum, today is Mothers Day. Mike and I want to invite you to have dinner _ us at Shanghai Restaurant, which is famous _ its seafood.A. with; of B. with; for C. for; to D. to;

25、 for15. He has got a chair to sit _, but nobody to talk _.A. on; to B. /; with C. on; / D. /; to16. English is widely used _ travelers and business people all over the world.A. To B. for C. as D. by17.Its kind _ you to come to see me. Its a pleasure. You were so kind _ me.A. of; with B. for; with C.

26、 of; to D. for; to18.Is the manager in? Sorry, he is out. But he will be back _ three oclock.A. in B. on C. until D. before19. _ the age of fifteen, she had written scores of articles for a newspaper.A. At B. Before C. Since D. By20.Bob, you are wanted _ the phone. Thanks a lot.A. on B. by C. of D.

27、for21. The soil is made _ the dead leaves of the trees.A. up of B. of C. from D. by22. The writer often sat up far into the night working _ a new novel.A. for B. on C. with D. in 23. You must stand _ line when you are waiting _ a bus.A. on; in B. in; for C. in; on D. on; for 24. Its very nice _ you

28、to get me two tickets _ the World Cup.A. for; of B. of; for C. to; for D. of; to25. We should do something to stop sandstorms _ happening again and again.A. from B. on C. by D. to 26. The foreigners arrived _Shanghai _ night. A. atat B. inat C. in. in D. at. in 27. Wushu is becoming more and more popular _ westerners. A. among B. between C. in D.within 28. _ the help of the teachers, we decorated. Our classroom_lanterns, flowers and pictures yesterday. A. Under. without B. Under. among C. With. with D.With.between 29. The c