国贸课后练习答案全 周瑞琪

1、acceptance 承兑actual total loss 实际全损ad valorem 从价运费additional 附属费advanced B/L 预签提单air transportation 空运air waybill 空运单ante-dated B/L 倒签提单anticipatory credit 预支信用证back-to-back credit 背对背信用证basic freight 基本运费beneficiary 受益人bill of exchange 汇票charter party 租船契约charter transportation 租船运输charter(tramp) 不

2、定期货船check 支票claimant 索赔人clean B/L 清洁提单clean bill 光票clean collection 光票托收clean credit 光票信用证combined certificate 联合凭证confirmed L/C 保兑信用证constructive total loss 推定全损containerization 集装箱运输contribution 分摊deferred payment 延期付款demurrage 滞期费discount 折扣，贴现documentary bill 跟单汇票documentary letter of credit 跟单信

3、用证endorsement 背书exclusions 除外责任external risks 外来风险extraneous risks 外来风险factoring 保理业务forfeiting 包买票据fortuitous accidents 意外事故franchise 免赔率freight rates 运费率freight ton 运费吨general average 共同海损general risks 一般外来风险indemnity 赔偿insurable interest 可保利益insurance certificate 保险凭证insurance claim 保险索赔insurance

4、 cover(age) 保险险别insurance policy 保险单insurance premium 保险费insurance rate 保险费率irrevocable L/C 不可撤销信用证lay day 装卸天数liner/gross terms 班轮条件liners transportation 班轮运输measurement ton 尺码吨natural calamity 自然灾害open policy 预约保单optional port 选择港order B/L 指示提单partial loss 部分损失partial shipments 分批装运particular aver

5、age 单独海损paying instrument 支付工具payment by installments 分期付款payment in advance 预付payment term 支付方式perils of the sea 海上风险port of destination 目的港port of shipment 装运港presentation 提示presenting bank 代收行promissory note 本票proximate cause 近因原则rail(way) transportation 铁路运输reciprocal credit 对开信用证red clause cred

6、it 红条款信用证remittance 汇付revocable L/C 可撤销信用证revolving credit 循环信用证road transportation 公路运输sea transportation 海运sea waybill 海运单sight draft 即期汇票sight L/C即期信用证special risks 特殊外来风险stale B/L 过期提单standby L/C 备用信用证straight B/L 记名提单subject matter 保险标的subrogation 代位求偿权sum insured 保险金额surcharge 附加费tenor 汇票期限the

7、 insured/insurant 被保险人the insurer 承保人，保险公司time charter 期租船time of delivery 交货期time/usance draft 远期汇票total loss 全部损失transferable L/C 可转让信用证transshipment 转船underwriter 承保人unexpected accidents 意外事故utmost good faith 最大诚信原则voyage charter 程租船weight ton 重量吨CFS (Container Freight Station) 集装箱货运站CIC (China I

8、nsurance Clauses) 中国保险条例CP (Charter Party) 租船契约CY (Container Yard) 集装箱堆场D/A (documents against acceptance) 承兑交单D/D (demand draft) 即期汇票D/P (documents against payment) 付款交单DR to DR (Door to Door) 门到门运输F. I. (Free In) 船方管卸不管装F. I. O. (Free In and Out) 船方不管装卸F. I. O. S. T. (Free In and Out, Stowed Trimm

9、ed) 船方不管装卸，理舱和平舱F. O. (Free Out) 船方管装不管卸FCI (Factors Chain International) 国际保理联合会FCL (Full Container Load) 整装箱FPA (Free from Particular Average) 平安险GA (General Contribution) 共同分摊ICC (Institute Cargo Clause) 协会货物运输保险条款IMT (International Multimodal Transportation) 国际多式联运IOP (irrespective of percentage

10、) 不计免赔率L/C (letter of credit) 信用证L/G (letter of guarantee) 保函LCL (Less than Container Load) 拼装箱M (Measurement) 尺码M/T (mail transfer) 信汇MTO (Multimodal Transportation Operator) 多式联运经营人PICC (the Peoples Insurance Company of China) 中国人民保险公司SRCC (strikes, riots and civil commotions) 罢工，暴动，民变脸T/T (telegr

11、aphic transfer) 电汇TPND (theft, pilferage and non-delivery) 偷窃提货不着险UCP 600 (Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credit 600) 跟单信用证统一惯例 600URC 522 (Uniform Rules for Collection 522) 托收统一规则W (Weight) 重量W/W Clause (Warehouse to Warehouse Clause) 仓至仓条款WPA (With Particular Average) 水渍险Chapter 51.

12、In international cargo transportation, the most widely adopted bill of lading is D. order bill of lading.2. In DES contracts, a reasonable order for time of shipment and time of delivery is B. June 1 and July 1.3. A bill of lading is C. ante-dated B/L when its date of shipment is indicated earlier t

13、han the actual time of shipment.4. A (An) D. bill of lading represents title to the cargo.5. In the import and export business, B. an ocean B/L can be made out to negotiable document.6. The bill of lading presented to the consignee or buyer or his bank after the stipulated expiry date of presentatio

14、n or after the goods are due at the port of destination is a A. stale B/L.7. A “freight to be collected” B/L is acceptable to the buyer when the contract is based on A. FOB.8. A C. conference liner normally has regular scheduled departures, specified routes and comparatively fixed freight rates.9. A

15、n order B/L with blank endorsement is a B/L showing B. neither the name of consignee nor the name of transferee.10. A(n) A. straight B/L refers to one that is made out to a designated consignee.Chapter 61. The main document adopted by the insured to make claims against the insurer is D. insurance do

16、cument.2. Perils of the sea, such as vessel being stranded or grounded covered in an insurance policy are one kind of B. fortuitous accidents.3. According to “Ocean Marine Cargo Clause of the Peoples Insurance Company of China”, the coverage which cannot be effected independently is C. War Risk.4. C

17、ompany A exported 5 metric tons of tea. The tea suffered heavy storm in transit. The sea water in the ships hold led to the deterioration in the quality of part of the tea exported. This kind of loss is D. particular average.5. The insurance document that is acceptable mostly in Hong Kong of China,

18、Singapore and Malaysia is C. combined certificate.6. The coverage of ICC(A) is equivalent to that of C. All Risks of CIC.7. Risks such as “failure to delivery risk” or “rejection risk” fall within the category of B. special extraneous risks.8. According to “Ocean Marine Cargo Clause of the Peoples I

19、nsurance Company of China”, the basic coverage that is the least extensive is A. FPA.9. In the case of air freight, if the subject matter insured failed to reach the warehouse at destination stipulated in the insurance policy, the expiration of the insurance is B. 30 days after completion of dischar

20、ge overside from the overseas vessel at the final port of discharge.10. Under C. ICC(C) coverage of London Institute Cargo Clause, only major casualties are covered, but not natural calamities.Chapter 71. If there is no specific provision, the draft under a letter of credit should draw on the B. iss

21、uing bank.2. The draft used in collection is D. a commercial draft, based on commercial credit.3. A standby credit B. is a special clean credit.4. Under collection once the importer refuses to pay, the C. principal will be responsible for the cargo release, customs clearance, warehousing, and resell

22、ing in the importing country.5. The bill of exchange used in D/A must be a D. usance bill.6. If a bank other than the issuing bank guarantees the payment under an L/C, this L/C is A. a confirmed credit.7. A C. reciprocal credit is normally used in processing trade.8. Which of the following statement

23、s is NOT true about remittance? A. It provides highest security to the buyer but not the seller.9. B. packing loan is a L/C based financing which will provide the exporter funds before the goods are produced.10. If the exporter finds out mistakes on a received L/C, he should contact the B. importer

24、at the first place.Chapter 5T 1 .Liner freight has covered the loading and unloading fee.F 2. When the ship-owner speeds up his ship and arrives at the destination at an earlier date than stipulated, he can obtain dispatch money from the charterer.T 3. When the charterer fails to load or unload the

25、goods within the stipulated period of time, he has to pay demurrage to the ship owner.F 4. Ocean bills of lading, air waybills and rail waybills are property documents presenting title to cargoes, so they are all negotiable.T 5. Bills of lading are usually made out in a full set including several or

26、iginals and copies.F 6. Since straight B/L bears higher risk than the open B/L , it is rarely used in international transportation.F 7. A clean B/L is issued by the seller to the buyer to certify that the goods delivered are in apparent goods condition.F 8. In international trade practice, the time

27、of shipment is actually the time of delivery.T 9. Sometimes when the buyer cannot determine a specific port of discharge during negotiation, he may require two or three ports to be written on the contract as optional ports.T 10. UCP 600 stipulates that partial shipment and transshipment are allowed

28、unless it is stipulated otherwise.Chapter 6 F 1. In marine cargo insurance, general average is to be borne by the carrier, who may, upon presentation of evidence of the loss, recover the loss from the insurance underwriter.F 2. In Chinese insurance practice, open policy is the same as the insurance

29、certificate.T 3. Special additional coverages such as war risks, strikes and so on must be taken out together with FPA, WPA or ALL Risks.F 4. In ocean marine insurance, natural calamities include heavy weather, earthquake, tsunami, flood, collision, etc.T 5. The coverage of Land Transportation Risk

30、and Air Transportation Risk are almost equivalent to WPA in marine cargo insurance.F 6. Subrogation Principle states that in the event of loss of or damage to the subject matter insured resulting from an insured peril, the insured is placed in the same position that he enjoyed immediately before the

31、 loss occurred.T 7. The 10% markup rate of the commercial invoice value in an insurance policy is to cover an anticipated profit as well as other additional costs involved.T 8. Under a deductible franchise, where the loss or damage exceeds the percentage allowed, the insurance company needs merely i

32、ndemnify the exceeding part to the insured.F 9. Ocean marine insurance covers ships and their cargo only on the high seas and not on inland waterways.F 10. The claimant is the party who suffers loss of or damage to the subject matter insured by himself.Chapter 7F 1. If the remittance is made by a ba

33、nkers demand draft, this payment is based on bank credit.T 2. For a confirmed credit, the confirming bank holds the same liability as the issuing bank.T 3. A letter of credit which does not indicate whether it is revocable or not is regarded as irrevocable.F 4. A letter of credit not mentioning ti i

34、s non-transferable will be seen as transferable.F 5. Using a third currency in collecting payment is the best protection against currency risk for the seller.T 6. Since under L/C the seller gets payment from a party independent of the buyer, it is the safest mode for him.T 7. Open account and paymen

35、t in advance indicate the minimum and maximum risk for the importer.F 8. Dishonor only refers to the rejection to the presentation for payment, but not rejection to the presentation for acceptance.T 9. Under collection though the seller collects payment through banks, it is not guaranteed that he wi

36、ll receive the money as collection is still based on commercial credit.F 10. In international trade clean collection is more frequently used than documentary collection.Chapter 51. Under what circumstances does the time of shipment equal to the time of delivery? Time of shipment refers to the time l

37、imit for loading the goods on board the vessel at the port of shipment while time of delivery refers to the time limit during which the seller shall deliver the goods to the buyer at the agreed place.For all shipment contracts, time of shipment equals to time of delivery, and according to Incoterms

38、2010, contracts concluded on the basis terms like FOB, CFR, CIF, FCA, CPT, CIP are shipment contracts. Under the shipment contract, the seller fulfills his obligation of delivery when the goods are shipped on board the vessel or delivered to the carrier and the seller only bears all risks prior to s

39、hipment.2. What are the functions of a bill of a lading? A cargo receipt, evidence of a contract of carriage, a document of title to the goods.3. What are the main types of bills of lading? ·According to whether the goods have been loaded on board the carrying vessel: Shipped B/L and received f

40、or shipment B/L ·According to the apparent condition of the received cargo: Clean B/L and Unclean B/L,·According to the address of the consignee: Straight B/L, Order B/L and Bear B/L,·According to whether transshipment is involved in transit: Direct B/L and Transshipment B/L,·Acc

41、ording to the perplexity or simplicity of the bill content: Long term B/L and Short term B/L,·According to the payment condition of freight: Freight prepaid B/L and Freight to be Collected B/L·According to the validity: Original B/L and Copy B/L ·Other forms of bill of lading also exi

42、st according to different circumstances: Stale B/L, Ante-dated B/L, Advanced B/L, On-deck B/L.4. What are the ways of dividing charges of loading and unloading in a charter party?·Liner Terms/ Gross Terms or In and out: The ship-owner bears loading and unloading cost.·Free in: The ship-own

43、er is only responsible for unloading cost.·Free out: The ship-owner is only responsible for loading cost.·Free in and out: The ship-owner does not bear loading and unloading cost. OR F. I. O. S. T.: The ship-owner does not bear loading and unloading cost, not even bear the expenses of stow

44、ing and trimming.5. What factors are to be concerned in stipulating clause of delivery in a contract?Time of delivery(time of shipment), port (place) of shipment and port (place) of destination, partial shipment, transshipment, or lay days, demurrage and dispatch money.Chapter 61. What are the diffe

45、rences between general average and particular average?Although both general average and particular average belong to the category of partial loss, there is still some differences between them:·Causes: Particular average is a kind of cargo loss usually caused directly by sea perils, while genera

46、l average is caused by intentional measures taken to save the common interest.·Indemnification: Particular average is often borne by the party whose cargo is damaged, while general average should be proportionally contributed among all parties benefited from the intentional measures.2. What are

47、 the conditions for general average?·The danger that threatens the common safety of cargo and/or vessel shall be materially existent and is not foreseen. ·The measures taken by the master shall be aimed to remove the common danger of both vessel and cargo and shall be undertaken deliberate

48、ly and reasonably for common safety.·The sacrifice shall be specialized and not caused by perils directly and the expense incurred shall be additional expense which is not within the operation budget.·The actions of the ships master shall be successful in saving the voyage3. What are the d

49、ifferences between the scope of ICC(B) and ICC(C)?The scope of ICC(C) covers loss of damage to the cargo attributable to fire or explosion, vessel of craft being stranded, grounded, sunk or capsized, overturning or derailment of land conveyance, collision or contract of vessel, craft or conveyance w

50、ith any external object other than water, or discharge of cargo at a port of distress, general average sacrifice, or jettison.Apart from those covered under ICC(C), the scope of ICC(B) also covers loss of or damage to the subject matter insured attributable to earthquake, volcanic eruption or convey

51、ance, container, liftvan or place of storage, or total loss of any package lost overboard or dropped whilst loading onto or unloading form, vessel or craft.4. What are the risks that are known as general additional coverage1)T.P.N.D(Theft, Pilferage and Non-delivery), 2)Fresh Water Rain Damage, 3)Ri

52、sk of Shortage, 4)Risk of Inter Mixture and Contamination, 5)Risk of Leakage, 6)Risk of Clash and Breakage, 7)Risk of Odor, 8)Heating and Sweating Risk, 9)Hook Damage, 10)Risk of Rust, 11)Breakage of Packing Damage5. What are the main expenses involved in ocean marine insurance? How to define them?M

53、arine cargo insurance also covers the expenses incurred to avoid or reduce the damage to or loss of the subject matter insured. There are mainly two types of expenses. One is Sue and labor expense, the other is salvage charges.Sue and labor expense are extraordinary expenses made in a time of peril

54、by the insured to act to avert, or minimize any loss of or damage to the subject matter insured. Salvage charges are expenses resulting from measures properly taken by a third party other than the insured, his agent, or any person employed by them to preserve maritime property from peril at sea.6. W

55、hat documents are needed when an insurance claim is made?·Original insurance policy or insurance certificate·Original bill of lading or other transport document·Commercial invoice·Packing list·Certificate of Loss(Survey)·The landing account or weight notes(notes on weig

56、ht) at destination·Any correspondence with the carrier or any other party who could be responsible for the loss or damage·Masters protest.Chapter 71. After Bank X advised exporter Y of the L/C, the shipment was made. When the cargo was on the way, the importer filed for bankruptcy. Is Y ou

57、t luck of collecting the payment? Can the opening bank refuse to make reimbursement to the negotiating bank? Why or why not?No, exporter Y does not need to worry about the payment. Because the payment is by L/C, the issuing bank is responsible for making payment regardless of the importers situation

58、. But the condition is that exporter Y can fulfill all the requirements listed on the L/C. According to UCP600, a credit constitutes a definite undertaking of the opening bank to pay or to pay at maturity in case of acceptance. Therefore once the stipulated documents are presented to the opening bank and the terms and conditions of the credit are complied with, the opening bank cannot refuse to make reimbursement to the negotiating bank.2. An L/C does not indicate whether i