W 九(下)Module 3 Unit 3

1、3Unit 3 Language in use.1. To summarise and consolidate the use of adjectives and adverbs2. To summarise and consolidate the use of comparative degree and superlative degreeObjectives People are wealthier today, and they live longer than they did in the past. But people dont take as much exercise as

2、 they used to. More people have cars, and they walk or use their bikes less. We eat better and we live longer.Grammar: 形容词与副词形容词与副词u 形容词和副词的句法作用形容词和副词的句法作用1. 形容词形容词 形容词一般放在名词之前作形容词一般放在名词之前作定语定语，或放在系，或放在系动词之后作动词之后作表语表语，或作，或作宾语补足语宾语补足语。形容词。形容词作定语，一般都是放在名词之前，但若修饰作定语，一般都是放在名词之前，但若修饰不定代词不定代词 something, a

3、nything等则后置。等则后置。 We must keep our classroom clean. (宾补）宾补） They were kind and nice. (表语）表语） Can you see the old tree there? (定语）定语） Is there anything funny in the paper today? 作定语，常置于被修饰词的前面作定语，常置于被修饰词的前面 He is a good actor. 2. 作表语，置于连系动词后面作表语，置于连系动词后面 The baby is still asleep. Will you please make

4、 less noise? 宝宝还在睡觉，你小声点好吗？宝宝还在睡觉，你小声点好吗？3. 作宾语补足语，置于宾语后面作宾语补足语，置于宾语后面 Have you got everything ready for the meeting? 你为这次会议做好准备了吗？你为这次会议做好准备了吗？ alive, afraid, awake, alone, asleep等表语形等表语形容词作定语需后置。容词作定语需后置。Who is the greatest man alive?谁是当今最伟大的人物？谁是当今最伟大的人物？仔细观察下面句子，你能找到有关形容仔细观察下面句子，你能找到有关形容词的规律吗？词的

5、规律吗？I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事要告诉你。我有重要的事要告诉你。英语单词中英语单词中something, anything, nothing等不等不定代词被形容词修饰时，形容词放在不定代定代词被形容词修饰时，形容词放在不定代词后面。词后面。 away，long，wide，high，deep，old等词等词附有数量词语说明时需后置。附有数量词语说明时需后置。The road is about 50 metres wide.这条路大约这条路大约50米宽。米宽。仔细观察下面句子，你能找到有关形容仔细观察下面句子，你能找到有关形容词的

6、规律吗？词的规律吗？He is a man full of energy.他是一个充满活力的人。他是一个充满活力的人。 形容词形容词+介词短语或不定式短语作定语需后置。介词短语或不定式短语作定语需后置。 用用and或或or连接的两个意义相反的形容词连接的两个意义相反的形容词作定语需后置。作定语需后置。She has a family, happy and rich.他有一个幸福美满的家庭。他有一个幸福美满的家庭。仔细观察下面句子，你能找到有关形容仔细观察下面句子，你能找到有关形容词的规律吗？词的规律吗？The weather here is very pleasant.这里的天气很宜人。这里的

7、天气很宜人。 形容词作表语位于连系动词之后。形容词作表语位于连系动词之后。形容词作宾语补足语，位于宾语之后。形容词作宾语补足语，位于宾语之后。The news made her mother very angry.这消息使她妈很生气。这消息使她妈很生气。仔细观察下面句子，你能找到有关形容仔细观察下面句子，你能找到有关形容词的规律吗？词的规律吗？Tired and hungry, he returned home.他又累又饿地回到家里。他又累又饿地回到家里。 形容词或形容词词组作状语使用时，可放形容词或形容词词组作状语使用时，可放在句首、句中或句尾。在句首、句中或句尾。a big round b

8、lack new wooden French table一张新的大而圆的法国黑色木桌子。一张新的大而圆的法国黑色木桌子。a famous German medical school一所德国著名的医学院一所德国著名的医学院 some green eating apples 一些绿色食用的苹果一些绿色食用的苹果a beautiful little young British policemen这些年轻高大的英国警察这些年轻高大的英国警察a pretty purple silk dress the boys little nice red toy仔细观察下面例子，你能找到有关仔细观察下面例子，你能找

9、到有关形容词的规律吗？形容词的规律吗？多个形容词修饰名词的大体顺序是：多个形容词修饰名词的大体顺序是：限定限定 描绘描绘 大大(小小) 长长 (短短) 高高 (低低) 形状形状 年龄年龄 新新 (旧旧) 老老 (少少) 颜色颜色 国籍国籍 出处出处 材料材料 作用作用 类别等类别等 +名词名词下面顺口溜有助于你记忆：下面顺口溜有助于你记忆：品大新形色国料品大新形色国料副词用来副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、 全句或名词词组及句子的词全句或名词词组及句子的词。常用的有：。常用的有：ago，before，now，then，soon, already，yet, her

10、e, there, up, down, above, below, inside, outside, where, very, much, so, too, quite, enough, easily, quietly, also, too, only等。在句中用作状语、表语、等。在句中用作状语、表语、定语、宾补等成分。定语、宾补等成分。 副词的用法副词的用法Our school is very beautiful.我们的学校非常美丽。我们的学校非常美丽。It was rather hot that day.He studies much harder now.他现在学习更努力了。他现在学习更

11、努力了。仔细观察下面句子，你能找到什么仔细观察下面句子，你能找到什么规律？规律？副词修饰形容词、副词时，放在它所修副词修饰形容词、副词时，放在它所修饰的词的前面。饰的词的前面。I dont know him well enough. 我不够了解他。我不够了解他。仔细观察下面句子，你能找到什么规律？仔细观察下面句子，你能找到什么规律？enough作为副词总是置于被修饰的形容词或作为副词总是置于被修饰的形容词或副词后。副词后。enough作为形容词时可位于名词前或者名词后。作为形容词时可位于名词前或者名词后。We havent enough food for you.= We havent foo

12、d enough for you.我们没有足够的事物分给你们。我们没有足够的事物分给你们。仔细观察下面句子，你能找到什么规律？仔细观察下面句子，你能找到什么规律？频度副词频度副词、程度副词程度副词可放在可放在be动词、情态动动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实意动词之前词和助动词之后，实意动词之前。She has never been to Beijing. 她从没有去过北京。她从没有去过北京。They stayed at home last night.昨晚他们在家。昨晚他们在家。Last night (时间副词时间副词) they stayed at home (地点副词地点副词).时间副词时间

13、副词和和地点副词地点副词一般位于一般位于句尾句尾。如两种副。如两种副词同时出现，则词同时出现，则地点副词放在时间副词之前地点副词放在时间副词之前，也可将时间副词放在句首。也可将时间副词放在句首。仔细观察下面句子，你能找到什么规律？仔细观察下面句子，你能找到什么规律？Please listen carefully. 请认真地听讲。请认真地听讲。Please listen to me carefully.请认真地听我讲。请认真地听我讲。方式副词方式副词修饰及物动词可在及物动词前或宾修饰及物动词可在及物动词前或宾语后，修饰不及物动词在修饰的动词后或在语后，修饰不及物动词在修饰的动词后或在介词介词+宾

14、语后。宾语后。The people here are very friendly. 这里的人都很这里的人都很友好。友好。副词副词作定语作定语，一般放在被修饰的名词后。，一般放在被修饰的名词后。仔细观察下面句子，你能找到什么规律？仔细观察下面句子，你能找到什么规律？The light is still on.电灯还在亮着。电灯还在亮着。Her office is just above.他的办公室就在上面。他的办公室就在上面。副词副词作表语作表语表示位置，位于系动词后。表示位置，位于系动词后。Im pleased to see you back.看到你回来我很高兴。看到你回来我很高兴。副词副词作宾

15、语补足语作宾语补足语位于宾语后。位于宾语后。Review the comparative degree and superlative adjectives and adverbs. 大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。不规则变化两种。 构成法构成法原级原级比较级比较级 最高级最高级一般单音节词末尾一般单音节词末尾加加

16、-er，-est tall greattallergreatertallestgreatest以不发音的以不发音的e结尾的结尾的单音词和少数以单音词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只结尾的双音节词只加加-r，-stnicelargeablenicerlargerablernicestlargestablest1). 规则变化规则变化 单音节词和少数双音节词，单音节词和少数双音节词， 在词尾加在词尾加-er, -est 来构成比较级和最高级。来构成比较级和最高级。 以一个辅音字母结以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加音字母，再加-er，-es

17、tbighotbiggerhotterbiggesthottest少数以少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音结尾的双音节词末尾加节词末尾加-er，-estclevernarrow cleverer narrowercleverestnarrowest其他双音节词其他双音节词和多音节词，和多音节词，在前面加在前面加more，most来构成比来构成比较级和最高级。较级和最高级。importantmore importantmostimportant2). 不规则变化不规则变化 原级原级 比较级比较级 最高级最高级 good , well better bestbad, ill worse worst o

18、ld older / elder oldest / eldest much/ many more most little less least far farther / further farthest / furthest 3). 形容词、副词等级的用法形容词、副词等级的用法1. 原级的用法原级的用法 只能修饰原级的词，只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so， too。如：。如： He is too tired to walk on. 他太累了走不动了。他太累了走不动了。 My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him. 我哥哥跑得太快了

19、我跟不上。我哥哥跑得太快了我跟不上。2. 原级常用的句型结构原级常用的句型结构(1)“甲甲+be+(倍数倍数)+as+形容词原级形容词原级+as+乙乙”表表 示示“甲和乙程度相同甲和乙程度相同”或或“甲是乙的几倍甲是乙的几倍”。如：如： Tom is as old as Kate. 汤姆和凯特一样大。汤姆和凯特一样大。 “甲甲+实意动词实意动词+(倍数倍数)+as+副词原级副词原级+as+乙乙”表示表示“甲和乙程度相同甲和乙程度相同”或或“甲是乙的几倍甲是乙的几倍”。如：如： Tom runs as fast as Mike. 汤姆和麦克一样跑得快。汤姆和麦克一样跑得快。(2)“甲甲+be +

20、 not + as / so+形容词原级形容词原级+as+乙乙” 表示甲不如乙表示甲不如乙如：如： This room is not as / so big as that one. 这个房间没有那个大。这个房间没有那个大。“甲甲+助动词助动词+not+动词原形动词原形+as / so+副词原副词原级级+as+乙乙”表示甲不如乙表示甲不如乙如：如： He doesnt walk as slowly as you. 他走的没有你走得慢。他走的没有你走得慢。u 形容词和副词的比较等级形容词和副词的比较等级1. 常用的比较级的句型：常用的比较级的句型：1) A + 谓动词谓动词 + 比较级比较级 +

21、 than +B. Mary is younger than Betty. He got up earlier than I did this morning.2) 主语主语 + 动词动词 + the 比较级比较级 + of the two. (说明：说明：在在of the two这样的比较范围或特指这样的比较范围或特指 哪一个时，比较级前要加哪一个时，比较级前要加the) Tom is the taller of the two. 汤姆是两个中较高的那个。汤姆是两个中较高的那个。 Lily runs faster of the two. 莉莉是两个中跑得较快的那个。莉莉是两个中跑得较快的那个

22、。3) The + 比较级比较级, the + 比较级比较级, , 表示表示“越越， 越越”。 The more you study, the more you know. 你学的越多，知道的越多。你学的越多，知道的越多。 The harder the test is, the lower marks we get. 测试题越难，我们的得分越少。测试题越难，我们的得分越少。4) 比较级比较级 + and + 比较级，比较级，表示表示“越来越来 越越”。 The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 计算机越来越便宜。计算机越来越便宜。 He studies hard

23、er and harder. 他学习越来越努力。他学习越来越努力。1. the + 最高级最高级 + of/ in.常用的最高级表达：常用的最高级表达： Jim is the tallest of the three.吉姆是三个人中最高的。吉姆是三个人中最高的。He is the most diligent student in his class.他是班上最勤奋的学生。他是班上最勤奋的学生。2. 选择疑问句选择疑问句It is the most interesting book I have ever read.这是我所读过的最有趣的一本书。这是我所读过的最有趣的一本书。3. the + 最

24、高级最高级 + 定语从句定语从句Who is the tallest, Tom, Jack or Bill?汤姆、杰克和比尔，谁个子最高？汤姆、杰克和比尔，谁个子最高？比较级和最高级的比较级和最高级的修饰语修饰语应置于其所修饰应置于其所修饰的的形容词或副词之前形容词或副词之前。常见的。常见的比较级修饰比较级修饰语语有有much, still, a lot, even, far等。例如：等。例如：This is by far the most expensive bag in the shop.这是目前这家商店里最贵的包。这是目前这家商店里最贵的包。常见的常见的最高级修饰语最高级修饰语有有alm

25、ost, by far, far, much等。例如：等。例如：He worked much harder than then.那时他工作要努力得多。那时他工作要努力得多。1. Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in brackets. For many people, life is a lot (1) _ (easy) today. Medicine and diet are improving, and people are getting (2) _ (healthy) and living (3) _ (l

26、ong). But communication is changing (4) _ (fast) of all. Today, with the Internet, people canhealthierlongereasierthe fastestcommunicate(5) _(easily) than ever before with friends all over the world. Not all the changes are (6) _(good) ones. More people drive cars instead ofriding bikes, so they are

27、 not as (7) _(fit) as they were. Increasing traffic makesthe roads (8) _ (crowded) more easilygoodfitmore crowdedthan ever, and it also makes pollution (9)_(bad). We must all work harder to reduce pollution. 2. Work in pairs. Look at the two pictures and talk about how the town has changed. Use the

28、words in the box to help you.big, building, busy, house, modern, more, shop, street, tall, traffic, treeworse1. The buildings are much taller, much more beautiful and much newer. The sample answers 2. There are more cars in the street today than it was 50 years ago.3. The streets are much wider and

29、cleaner.4. The environment is much better. 5. People are much busier than before.6. The life is much better than before.7. There are more shops than before.3. Complete the sentences with the words or expressions in the box.heat, more than, seldom, spare, speak up1. We _ have time to go on holiday.2.

30、 We do not have much _time because we have important exams this year.seldom spare 3. Never go out in the _of the day without a hat.4. You have to _ because the students in the back cannot hear you.5. Mr Smith is _ a teacher. Most of his pupils think of him as their friend.heatspeak up more than 4. R

31、ead the email and find three examples that show life was harder in the past than it is today. FROM: Gran TO: ChristineSUBJECT: The lives of children in Victorian BritainDear Christine,You asked me for help about your schoolproject - the lives of children in VictorianBritain. I was also interested. I

32、 searched online and found out the following.In Victorian Britain, thousands of people came to the cities to work in the factories.Instead of the green, open countryside, people lived in very small houses, very close to each other, with no space for children to play. Families in those days were quit

33、e big. Often,there were four or five children in one family, and they all had to sleep in houses of just two rooms. Sometimes, a whole street had to share one outside toilet. Can you imagine that?Most of the big cities were dirty and unhealthy. The pollution from factories filled the air.People put

34、their rubbish outside in the streets. As a result, there were many illnesses.And life was harder for children in those times.They didnt always go to school, because theyhad to work instead. Many children started work in factories when they were only four or five years old. They worked twelve hours a

35、 day in dangerous jobs for very little money. Many were hurt in accidents with machines.I hope this is helpful. Write to me if you need more information.With love,Gran5. Read the email again. Find sentences that tell us:1 There was not enough living space for people.2 Most of the big cities were dir

36、ty and unhealthy. 3 Life was harder for children in those times.Write examples.People lived in very small houses, very close to each other, with no space for children to play._.1. 3. _.There was not enough living space for people. People lived in very small houses, very close to each other, with no

37、space for children to play. Families in those days were quite big. A whole street had to share one outside toilet.One possible version2. Most of the big cities were dirty and unhealthy.The pollution from factories filled the air. People put their rubbish outside in the streets. As a result, there we

38、re many illnesses. 3. Life was harder for children in those times.They didnt always go to school, because they had to work instead. Many children started work in factories when they were only four or five years old. They worked twelve hours a days in dangerous jobs for very little money. 1. be inter

39、ested in doing sth.有兴趣做某事有兴趣做某事2. thousands of 成千上万的成千上万的3. instead of 代替代替, 而不是而不是4. close to: near 接近，靠近接近，靠近5. share one outside toilet 共用一个室外的厕所共用一个室外的厕所6. as a result 结果是结果是7. many diseases 许多疾病许多疾病When you do a listening or reading exercise, you should read the instructions carefully. Then you

40、 can focus your attention just on the information you need. You dont have to understand every word.6. Listen and complete the table.Grandmother MotherAge to start schoolAge to start workAge to get marriedNumber of childrenAge to stop working86142218244 children1 child50557. Write a passage comparing

41、 the lives of the speakers grandmother and mother in Activity 6. The speakers grandmother and mother have lived very different lives. Her grandmother had a much bigger familyWrite a passage comparing their lives. The grandmother had eight brothers and sisters so she had a bigger family. She started

42、school when she was older, but she left school earlier. The grandmother only went to school for 6 years, while the mother went to school for 12 years, and toA Sample university. The grandmother worked hard in a factory from 14 until she was 50, and the mother worked as a teacher from 22 and will fin

43、ish work when she is 55; she also has a long summer holiday. The grandmother got married at 18 and had her first baby a year later; she had four children. On the other hand the mother got married at 24, and only had one child, when she was 25.changeFeatures? Differences?Cars The modern car has chang

44、ed life a great deal. Before the invention of the car, people had to travel by rail, on horseback or by horse-drawn carriage, or on foot. Using horses for travel was slow, and of course walking was even slower. Cars allow people to travel long distances quickly, in comfort and convenience. The car a

45、lso solved an enormous problem caused by using horses for transport in cities: manure! There were so many horses in large cities that it was almost impossible to get rid of the manure. Modern people are used to the idea that cars cause pollution, but the first cars actually made cities cleaner! In t

46、he past ModernWays FeaturesMore informationhorse, horse-drawn carriage, on footslow, too much manurecarsquickcomfortable convenient cleaner than horse carriageImportant Pointshorse-drawn carriage 马车马车 The horse-drawn carriage is the main means of transportation in the past. 马车在过去是主要的交通工具。马车在过去是主要的交通

47、工具。2. manure vt. 施肥于；耕种施肥于；耕种 n. 肥料；粪肥肥料；粪肥. v.施肥于；耕种施肥于；耕种n. 肥料；粪肥肥料；粪肥.To manure land is to spread manure on it. 给土地施肥是把粪肥洒在土地上。给土地施肥是把粪肥洒在土地上。3. get rid of 除掉，去掉除掉，去掉; 涤荡涤荡; 革除革除; 摒除摒除; She had a mad urge to write a check and get rid of him. 她疯了似的想快速涂写支票，想赶快摆脱他。她疯了似的想快速涂写支票，想赶快摆脱他。 Get rid of the

48、 distractions around you. 除去周围分散你注意力的事物。除去周围分散你注意力的事物。4. Be used to do sth. 被用来做某事被用来做某事 Computers are used to do many things for people now. 现在计算机被用来做许多事情。现在计算机被用来做许多事情。 Organising a debate8. Work in groups. Read the motion of the debate. Health is more important than wealth.Now decide who is for t

49、he motion and who is against it. You can use some of the following ideas: Without health, wealth means nothing. You can enjoy life better if you are healthy. It is hard to be healthy without wealth. You can enjoy life better if you are wealthy.For:Against:9. Prepare your arguments. Give examples to

50、support your ideas.Health is more important than wealth. Examples:A healthy scientist can achieve more success in his scientific research. 2. Money cant help cure all diseases, like cancer or AIDS and so on. Those for the motion give their opinions. Those against the motion give their opinions. Take

51、 turns to say what you think about each others arguments.10. Hold the debate.11. Discuss and find out whether most people are for or against the motion.( )1. -What do you think of Toms speaking? -No one does _ in our class. A. good B. better C. well D. bestB( ) 2.What a careful boy you are! Thank yo

52、u. In fact, Tom does everything _ than me. A. more carefully B. more careful C. much carefulAExercises一一. . 单项选择单项选择。( ) 3. The doctor told me_ too much but I find it difficult. The doctor is right. The less you drink, _ you will be. A. dont drink; the healthier B. not to drink; the healthier C. not

53、 to drink; the more healthier D. dont drink; healthierB 4. Which city is your favorite? Hangzhou, of course. Its the _place that I want to visit. A. worse B. worst C. better D .best D5. Dad, how can I get on well with my classmates? Try to be friendly to them. That will make it much_. A. easily B. more easily C. easy D. easierD6. - Susan, you know what? We