最新高考一轮复习(经典)人教课标高一必修1 Unit 4

1、(一一)基本单词基本单词1. _ vi. 爆裂；爆发爆裂；爆发 n.突然破裂；爆发突然破裂；爆发2. _ v. 破坏；毁坏；消灭破坏；毁坏；消灭3. _ v.(使使)震惊；震动震惊；震动 n.休克；打击；震惊休克；打击；震惊 4. _ n.& vt.援救；营救援救；营救5. _ vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏埋葬；掩埋；隐藏burstdestroyshockrescuebury8. _ vt. 使陷入困境使陷入困境 n. 陷阱；困境陷阱；困境 9. _ n. 灾难；灾祸灾难；灾祸10. _ n. 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处11. _ n.& vt. 损失；损害损失；损害1

2、2. _ n. 事件；大事事件；大事13. vt. 表示；表达表示；表达 n. 快车；速递快车；速递trapdisastershelterdamageeventexpress6. _ adv. 真诚地；真挚地真诚地；真挚地7. adj. 无用的；无效的无用的；无效的sincerelyuseless(二二)派生单词派生单词14. _ adj. 极度的极度的 _ adv. 极其地极其地15. _ v. 损害；伤害损害；伤害_ n. 受受 伤；伤害伤；伤害_ adj. 受伤的受伤的extremeextremelyinjureinjuryinjured16. _vt. 使惊吓；吓唬使惊吓；吓唬_adj

3、. 受惊的；受恐吓的受惊的；受恐吓的_adj. 令人恐惧的令人恐惧的17. _ n. 祝贺；祝贺；(复数复数)贺词贺词_ v祝贺祝贺frightenfrightenedfrighteningcongratulationcongratulate18. _ n. 裁判员；法官裁判员；法官 v.断定；判断；判决断定；判断；判决_ n.判断；判决判断；判决judgejudgement1. 立刻；马上立刻；马上 2. 结束；终结结束；终结 3. 严重受损；破败不堪严重受损；破败不堪right awayat an endin ruins4. 掘出；发现掘出；发现5. 许多；大量的许多；大量的dig out

4、a (great) number of6. 评价很低；不重视评价很低；不重视7. 横穿；横跨横穿；横跨8. 以以而自豪；引以为荣而自豪；引以为荣 think little ofcut acrossbe proud of1. It seemed as if the world was at an end. It seems as if/as though.似乎是似乎是, as if/as though引导的是表语从句，从句中可用陈引导的是表语从句，从句中可用陈 述语气或虚拟语气。述语气或虚拟语气。2. Thousands of families were killed and many chil

5、dren were left without parents. many children were left without parents为被为被动语态，其中动语态，其中without parents为主语补足语，为主语补足语，表主语的状态。句中表主语的状态。句中leave表示表示使某人或某物使某人或某物处于某种状态。处于某种状态。3. All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。不是所有的希望都破灭了。该句是表示部分否定的句型。该句是表示部分否定的句型。all .not.= not all., 并非所有的并非所有的都都 burst vi.(burst, burst

6、)爆裂；爆发爆裂；爆发 n.突然破裂；爆发突然破裂；爆发【归纳归纳】burst inton. 突然爆发；闯入突然爆发；闯入burst out doing sth. 突然开始做突然开始做burst into laughterburst out laughing 突然大笑起来突然大笑起来burst sth. open 猛然打开猛然打开burst forth 忽然发生；突然爆发忽然发生；突然爆发burst to do 急于做某事，忙于做某事急于做某事，忙于做某事2. ruin n.U毁坏；毁灭；崩溃毁坏；毁灭；崩溃 n.C(pl.)废废 墟；遗迹墟；遗迹 v. (使使)破产；破产；(使使)堕落；毁灭

7、堕落；毁灭【归纳归纳】in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪严重受损；破败不堪fall in/into ruin 灭亡；荒废灭亡；荒废bring.to ruin 使使毁灭；使毁灭；使没落没落go/come to ruin 毁灭；落空毁灭；落空ruin oneself 毁掉自己毁掉自己ruin ones health/fame 毁坏某人的健康毁坏某人的健康/名誉名誉destroy只能用作动词，指彻底破坏，无法修只能用作动词，指彻底破坏，无法修复。可用于指希望，计划等被毁掉；程度上指复。可用于指希望，计划等被毁掉；程度上指毁灭性的。毁灭性的。ruin主要强调毁灭的彻底性，是一次性的行为，主要强调毁灭

8、的彻底性，是一次性的行为，即人即人/物毁坏到不能复存或面目全非的地步或物毁坏到不能复存或面目全非的地步或事后此物虽存在，却已失去其优良的特征或特事后此物虽存在，却已失去其优良的特征或特性。性。ruin既可作动词，也可作名词，表毁灭，既可作动词，也可作名词，表毁灭，破产。其名词复数形式表示废墟。破产。其名词复数形式表示废墟。damage常指人的威信常指人的威信/名声或物品的外观名声或物品的外观/价价值值/用途等受到损坏，失去或降低其使用价值，用途等受到损坏，失去或降低其使用价值，即修理后还可以继续使用。即修理后还可以继续使用。damage既可作动既可作动词，也可作名词。其过去分词可用作形容词词，

9、也可作名词。其过去分词可用作形容词作定语。作定语。3. injure vt. 损害；伤害损害；伤害【拓展拓展】injured adj. 受伤的受伤的the injured 伤员伤员injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害伤；伤口；伤害do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某人伤害某人词义辨析词义辨析injure/hurt/wound/harminjure特指意外事故中造成的伤害。特指意外事故中造成的伤害。hurt作及物动词时，表示作及物动词时，表示“受伤受伤”；既可以；既可以指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上/情感上的伤情感上的伤害；作不及

10、物动词时，表示害；作不及物动词时，表示“(身体某个部分身体某个部分)疼痛疼痛”。wound通常指由武器造成的伤害，如刀通常指由武器造成的伤害，如刀/枪等枪等的伤害，尤其是指在战场上造成的伤害。的伤害，尤其是指在战场上造成的伤害。harm用于表示精神或肉体上的伤害均可，有用于表示精神或肉体上的伤害均可，有时也可指引起不安或不便。还可用于抽象事时也可指引起不安或不便。还可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不道德的事情。物，尤其是指不道德的事情。4. bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸；埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸； 使专心；插入；刺入使专心；插入；刺入【归纳归纳】bury oneself in sth.

11、使陷入；埋头使陷入；埋头(工作、学习工作、学习)be buried in (doing)sth. 专心致志于某事专心致志于某事be buried in thought 在沉思中在沉思中bury in=put (sb./sth.) into (a grave, earth, etc.) 把把埋入埋入5. shock v. (使使)震惊；震动震惊；震动 n. 休克；打击；震惊休克；打击；震惊【归纳归纳】be shocked at.对对感到震惊感到震惊be shocked to do sth.做某事很震惊做某事很震惊be shocked that.对对很震惊很震惊6. judge v. 判定；判断判

12、定；判断 n. 裁判员；法官裁判员；法官【归纳归纳】judging from/by从从上看，根据上看，根据判断判断as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为据我判断，我认为judge sb./sth. from/by. 从从来判断来判断【温馨提醒】【温馨提醒】judging from/by表示表示“从从上看，根据上看，根据来判断来判断”，用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不，用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语。语。 1. right away 立刻；马上立刻；马上2. at an end 终结；结束终结；结束

13、【拓展拓展】at the end of 在在尽头；在尽头；在末端末端(指时指时 间或空间的一个终点间或空间的一个终点)come to an end 结束结束make ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出使收支相抵；量入为出by the end of 到到结束时；到结束时；到时候为止时候为止 (常与完成时态连用常与完成时态连用)bring sth. to an end 使某事结束，终止使某事结束，终止in the end 最后；终于；最终最后；终于；最终end up 结束；告终结束；告终3. dig out 挖掘出；发现；翻找出挖掘出；发现；翻找出【拓展拓展】dig into 调查；钻研；通

14、过翻土把调查；钻研；通过翻土把掺入掺入 土壤土壤dig up 挖出；掘出；发现；揭露挖出；掘出；发现；揭露dig for sth. 挖寻某物挖寻某物4. a great number of 许多；大量的许多；大量的a great/large number ofa great/good manyquite a few/ a good few + 可数名词复数可数名词复数many amore than one + 单数可数名词单数可数名词 + 单数谓语动词单数谓语动词a great/good deal ofa great/large amount ofquite a little + 不可数名词不

15、可数名词a lot/lots ofa great/large quantity oflarge quantities of + 可数名词复数可数名词复数 或不可数名词或不可数名词1. It seemed as if the world was at an end. It seems as if/as though.似乎是似乎是, as if/as though引导的是表语从句，从句中可用陈述引导的是表语从句，从句中可用陈述 语气或虚拟语气。语气或虚拟语气。【温馨提示】【温馨提示】如果如果as if/as though引导的从句引导的从句是是“主语系动词主语系动词”结构，且主结构，且主/从句中主

16、语从句中主语相同，则可省略从句主语和系动词，这样相同，则可省略从句主语和系动词，这样as if后就只剩下名词后就只剩下名词/不定式不定式/形容词形容词(短语短语)/介词介词短语或分词形式。短语或分词形式。2. Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. many children were left without parents为被为被动语态，其中动语态，其中without parents为主语补足语，为主语补足语，表主语的状态。句中表主语的状态。句中leave表示表示使某人或某

17、物使某人或某物处于某种状态。处于某种状态。leave + 宾语宾语 +现在分词现在分词 (doing): 表示动作正在进行表示动作正在进行过去分词过去分词 (done): 表示被动完成表示被动完成动词不定式动词不定式 (to do/to be done): 表示表示将来的动作将来的动作形容词形容词介词短语介词短语副词副词+ 表示状态表示状态3. All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。不是所有的希望都破灭了。该句是表示部分否定的句型。该句是表示部分否定的句型。all .not.= not all., 并非所有的并非所有的都都(1)英语中的英语中的all, both,

18、 each, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely 等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词词与否定词not连用，无论连用，无论not位置如何，均位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示构成部分否定，表示“并非都并非都”的意思。的意思。(2)英语中的英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no longer, no way 等表否定意义的词等表否定意义的词(组组)与肯定式谓

19、语与肯定式谓语一起使用构成一起使用构成“全部否定全部否定”。I. 单词拼写单词拼写1. They were _ (困住困住) in a deep hole and couldnt get out.2. The_ (法官法官) sentenced him to five years in prison.3. She _ (突然爆发突然爆发) into tears at the news that her father had passed away.trappedjudgeburst4. On arriving there, we offered our _ (祝贺祝贺) to him on h

20、is success.5. Its wrong of you to take_ (躲避躲避) under the tree in the storm.congratulationsshelterII. 完成句子完成句子1. We need an immediate reply. I see. Ill send the paper to you _ (立刻立刻)2. I have been deeply impressed by _ (丰富的经历丰富的经历) in her life.right awaya number of experiences3. The life of any hit p

21、roduct will _ (结束结束) someday.4. The whole city lay _ (破败不堪破败不堪) after the earthquake.5. Many women _(陷入了陷入了) loveless marriages nowadays.6. For hundreds of years the statue has remained _ (埋于埋于) an underground e to an end in ruinsare trapped inburied inIII. 句型转换句型转换1. The old man was lying on the gr

22、ound as if he was badly hurt. The old man was lying on the ground as if _.2. You must be very careful when you do your homework. You _ when you do your homework. badly hurtcant be too careful3. Its impossible for all the people to get jobs because all of them are not fit for them. Its impossible for

23、 all the people to get jobs because _ are fit for them.not all of them IV. 汉译英汉译英1) 别不敲门就闯入我的卧室。别不敲门就闯入我的卧室。 Dont burst into my bedroom without knocking.2) 这座古老的庙已经是破败不堪了。这座古老的庙已经是破败不堪了。 The ancient temple had fallen into ruin.3) 受伤者被送进了医院。受伤者被送进了医院。 The injured were taken to the hospital.4) 救援部队组成小

24、分队，将受困的人们挖出来，救援部队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。并将死者掩埋。The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 5) 真使我震惊，他把他爹打个半死！真使我震惊，他把他爹打个半死！ It shocked me that he beat his father half-dead.6) 从汤姆的表情来看，肯定是可怕的消息。从汤姆的表情来看，肯定是可怕的消息。 Judging by the look on Toms face, the news must ha

25、ve been terrible.7) 他站起来表明谈话已近尾声。他站起来表明谈话已近尾声。 He rose to indicate that the conversation was at an end.8) 我们得把汽车从雪堆里挖出来。我们得把汽车从雪堆里挖出来。 We had to dig the car out of a snow drift.V. 单项单项选择选择1. The earthquake was so terrible that in only fifteen seconds a large city lay _. A. in tears B. in ruins C. in

26、 progress D. in difficulties2. That car accident _ all his life. After that he was limited to a wheelchair. A. damaged B. destroyed C. harmed D. ruined3. I havent read all of his books before, but_ from the one I have read, I think hes a very promising writer. A. judged B. judging C. determining D.

27、determined4. I received his mothers phone call at ten. Only then did I know that he was badly _ in an accident the day before yesterday.A. hurt B. injuredC. harmed D. wounded5. On seeing Jay Chou appear on the stage, the audience _ cheering.A. burst in B. burst intoC. burst on D. burst out6. Nowaday

28、s, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _ in the clothing industry. A. is working B. worksC. work D. worked7. He was _ by his colleagues though he himself didnt think he had done anything outstanding. A. thought little of B. thought poorly of C. thought highly of D. thought nothing of8. A number of people _ learning English nowadays. Yes. The number of people who are learning English _ increasing. A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are9. We dont need to do extra work this evening. Todays work is almost _ now.A. at the end B. at an endC. in the