国际商法 Part 6 Intellectual Property Law知识产权法教材

1、I. I. What is Intellectual PropertyWhat is Intellectual Property1 1. Definition. DefinitionIntellectual property, very broadly, means the legal rights which result from intellectual activity in the industrial, scientific, literary and artistic fields.2. Scope of intellectual property rights 2. Scope

2、 of intellectual property rights （DynamicDynamic） Copyright and Related Rights (版权及相关权) Trademarks (商标) Patents (专利)/Inventions Layout-Designs (Topographies) of Integrated Circuits (集成电路布图设计) Plant Varieties (植物新品种)2. Source of International IP Law2.1 Comprehensive AgreementsTRIPS与贸易有关的知识产权协定(Agreem

3、ent on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property)TRIPS是WTO体系下的一个多边条约，其宗旨是期望减少国际贸易中的扭曲和障碍，促进对知识产权充分、有效的保护，保证知识产权的执法措施与程序不至于变成合法的障碍。2.2 Artistic AgreementBerne Convention伯尔尼公约(The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works)：最早的国际版权公约，1887年生效。伯尔尼公约的实施管理最初由伯尔尼联盟国际局负责，1967年起由

4、世界知识产权组织（WIPO）负责。2.3 Industrial Property AgreementParis Convention保护工业产权巴黎公约（Paris Convention on the Protection of Industrial Property）：简称巴黎公约，1883年3月20日在巴黎签订，1884年7月7日生效。保护范围是工业产权，包括发明专利权、实用新型、工业品外观设计、商标权、服务标记、厂商名称、产地标记或原产地名称以及制止不正当竞争等。Madrid Agreement商标国际注册马德里协定（Madrid Agreement Concerning the Int

5、ernational Registration of Marks）：1967年7月14日签订于斯德哥尔摩，于1989年5月25日生效，是用于规定、规范国际商标注册的国际条约。1. Subject Matter (1. Subject Matter (保护对象保护对象) )Literary, Artistic and Scientific Works Literary works (文字作品): novels, poems, dramatic works and any other writings, computer programs ; Musical works (音乐作品): songs

6、, choruses, operas; Artistic works(美术作品): drawings, paintings, sculptures, architectural works; Cinematographic works (电影作品): motion pictures or movies Compilations (汇编作品): Databases Derivative works (派生作品): including translations, adaptations (改编), and arrangements (整理).2. What is protectable and w

7、hat is not?2. What is protectable and what is not?2.1 Idea/Expression Dichotomy 思想/表达二分法Copyright protection shall extend to expressions and not to ideas, procedures, methods of operation or mathematical concepts as such. (TRIPS, Art. 9.2)2.2 Threshold of Protection(版权保护的最低要求) Originality(独创性) or In

8、tellectual Creation (智力创作) Authorship (作者创作) Fixation (固定)(1) Originality(独创性)/Intellectual Creation (智力创作)Doesnt mean Quality or aesthetic value (审美价值)Doesnt need Novelty (新颖性) or advance (进步) An author gets a copyright in an independently created work even if the work is similar to a pre-existing

9、one. (独立创作的雷同作品亦可享有版权)(2) Authorship (作者创作)Copyrightable work should be the result of intellectual creation.(3) Fixation (固定)US: US: Works to be protectable by copyright must be fixed in any tangible medium (有形介质) from which they can be perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated. (section 102,

10、 Copyright Act 1976)3. Copyright and Related Rights3. Copyright and Related Rights3.1 Nature of Copyright3.1 Nature of CopyrightAs with other intellectual property rights, copyright is an “exclusive right” to authorize others to use the protected work. The core of copyright is preventing others from

11、 using copyrighted work without authorization.3.2 3.2 Rights Comprised in CopyrightRights Comprised in Copyright Economic Rights (经济权利) Moral Rights (精神权利) Related Rights (邻接权)3.3 Major Economic3.3 Major Economic RightsRightsEconomic Rights (经济权利) are concerned with protecting the economic interests

12、 of copyright owners. Right of Reproduction (复制权): the right to prevent others from making copies of his works. The right of reproduction is the most basic right under copyright. Right of Performance (表演权):Exclusive right of authorizing public performance of works, including such public performance

13、by any means or process. Right of Distribution(发行权): the exclusive right of authorizing the making available to the public of the original and copies of their works through sale or other transfer of ownership. (通过买卖或其他转移所有权的方式向公众提供作品原件或复制件)3.4 Moral3.4 Moral RightsRightsMoral Rights (精神权利) are conce

14、rned with protecting the personality and reputation of authors. The right to claim authorship of the work (作者身份权) The right to object to any distortion (歪曲), mutilation (毁损) or other modification (修改) of, or other derogatory (贬损) action in relation to the work.3.5 3.5 Related RightsRelated Rights Ri

15、ghts of performers, producers of phonograms (sound recordings) and broadcasting organizations.4. Term4. Term ofof Protection (Protection (保护期保护期) )The Berne Convention : The term of protection granted by is the life of the author and fifty years after his death. In the case of a work of joint author

16、ship, the term shall be calculated from the death of the last surviving author. China adopts this rule.China: the same as the Berne Convention.European Union and the US: extending copyright terms to life of the author plus 70 years and for works of corporate authorship to 120 years after creation or

17、 95 years after publication, whichever endpoint is earlier.1. Introduction of Trademark1. Introduction of Trademark1.1 Definition1.1 DefinitionTrademark is any sign, or any combination of signs capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings.1.2 Fu

18、nction1.2 FunctionIndicating sourcesInforming consumersGenerating goodwill (商誉)2. Criteria of 2. Criteria of ProtectabilityProtectability Distinctiveness (显著性、识别性): the function to distinguish products or services. The distinctive character of trademarks must be evaluated in relation to the context,

19、 namely the goods or services to which the trademark is applied. Public order and morality (公序良俗)3. Exclusions from Registration3. Exclusions from Registration Signs conflict with earlier non-trademark rights, such as copyright, patent, name, design, portrait, publicity Functional signs: signs (gene

20、rally shapes or packages) resulting from the nature of the good, necessary to obtain a technical result or substantially valuable for the good itself.4. Trademark4. Trademark RightsRightsThe owner of a registered trademark shall have the exclusive right to prevent all third parties not having the ow

21、ners consent from using in the course of trade identical or similar signs for goods or services which are identical or similar to those in respect of which the trademark is registered where such use would result in a likelihood of confusion. 1. Introduction1. IntroductionPatent is a set of exclusive

22、 rights granted by a state (national government) to an inventor or their assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for a public disclosure of an invention. Major types of patents: (invention-creation) Invention Utility Model Industrial Design 第二条 本法所称的发明创造是指发明、实用新型和外观设计。2. Patentable Subject

23、 Matter2. Patentable Subject Matter：General RulesGeneral Rules专利专利保护要件保护要件Patents shall be available for any inventions, whether products or processes, in all fields of technology, provided that they are new, involve an inventive step and are capable of industrial application. (TRIPS Art. 27)Utility

24、 (实用性)：The invention must be capable of being used in any kind of industry.Novelty (新颖性)：An invention must not have been available to the public prior to the application date.Inventive Step (创造性，进步性)：The invention must not merely be something new; it must represent a development over prior art.3.Exc

25、eptions of Patentability3.Exceptions of PatentabilityArticle 25 For any of the following, no patent right shall be granted: 对下列各项，不授予专利权 scientific discoveries科学发现：本身并不是一种技术方案，不是专利法意义上所说的发明创造，不能直接实施用以解决一定领域内的特定技术问题，因而不能被授予专利权。 rules and methods for mental activities智力活动的规则和方法:人的大脑进行精神和智能活动的手段或过程，是一种

26、抽象的东西，作用仅是指导人们对其表达的信息进行思维、判断和记忆，不需要采用技术手段或者遵守自然法则，不具备技术特征，因而不能被授予专利权。比如，交通行车规则、字典的编排方法、情报检索的方法、速算法或口诀。 methods for the diagnosis or for the treatment of diseases;疾病的诊断和治疗方法（这类方法以人体或者动物作为直接实施对象，涉及健康，不能为少数人所独占） animal and plant varieties;动物和植物品种（动物和植物是自然生成的，不是人们创造出来的，不能以工业方法生产，不具备专利法意义上的创造性和实用性）substa

27、nces obtained by means of nuclear transformation.用原子核变换方法获得的物质（由于用原子核变换方法获得的物质关系到国家的经济、国防、科研和公共生活的重大利益，关系国家安全，不宜公开） For processes used in producing products referred to in items (4) of the preceding paragraph, patent right may be granted in accordance with the provisions of this Law.对前款第（四）项所列产品的生产方

28、法，可以依照本法规定授予专利权。4. Patent Rights4. Patent RightsA patentee has the exclusive rights to exploit his A patentee has the exclusive rights to exploit his patented invention as following:patented invention as following:Product patentProduct patent: to prevent third parties not having the owners consent from the acts of: making, using, offering f