美国文学-复习资料+答案(共8页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上1. The American Transcendentalists formed a club called _ .the Transcendental Club2. _ was regarded as the first great prose stylist of American romanticism. Washington Irving3. At nineteen_ published in his brothers newspaper, his "Jonathan Oldstyle" satires of New York life.

2、4. In Washington Irvings work_ appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature. The Sketch Book5. The first important American novelist was_. James Fenimore Cooper 6. James Fenimore Coopers novel _ was a rousing tale about espionage against the British during

3、 the Revolutionary War. The Spy7. The best of James Fenimore Cooper's sea romances was_. The Pilot8. "To a Waterfowl" is perhaps the peak of_s work; it has been called by an eminent English critic “the most perfect brief poem in the language.” William Cullen Bryant 9. _ was the first A

4、merican to gain the stature of a major poet in the world literature.10. Edgar Allan Poes poem_ is perhaps the best example of onomatopoeia in the English language. The Bells11. Edgar Allan Poe's poem_ was published in 1845 as the title poem of a collection. The Raven 12. From Henry David Thoreau

5、s Concord jail experience, came his famous essay _. Civil DisobedienceBy the 1830s Washington Irving was judged the nation' s greatest writer, a lofty position he later shared with James Fenimore Cooper and William Cullen Bryant.In the early nineteenth century, the attitude of American writers w

6、as shaped by their New World environment and an array of ideas inherited from the romantic tradition of Europe.As a moral philosophy, transcendentalism was neither logical nor systematical.The foundation of American national literature was laid by the early American romanticists.At mid-19th century,

7、 a cultural reawakening brought a "flowering of New England".Romantic writers in the 19th century placed increasing value on the free expression of emotion and displayed increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters.With a vast group of supporting characters, virtuous or v

8、illainous, James Fenimore Cooper made the America conscious of his past, and made the European conscious of America.No other American poet ever surpassed Edgar Allan Poes ability in the use of English as a medium of pure musical and rhythmic beauty.The Fall of the House of Usher is one of Edgar Alla

9、n Poe's short stories.Ralph Waldo Emerson was recognized as the leader of transcendentalist movement, but he never applied the term "Transcendentalist" to himself or to his beliefs and ideas.In 1836, Ralph Waldo Emerson published his first book, Nature, which met with a mild reception.

10、Ralph Waldo Emerson's prose style was sometimes as highly individual as his poetry.The harsh rhythms and striking images of Ralph Waldo Emersons poetry appeal to many modern readers as artful techniques.Henry Wadsworth Longfellows writings belong to the milder aspects of the Romantic Movement.Am

11、erican romanticism was in a way derivative: American romantic writing was some of them modeled on English and European works.Ralph Waldo Emersons aesthetics brought about a revolution in American literature in general and in American poetry in particular.Henry David Thoreau was an active Transcenden

12、talist.   He was by no means an "escapist" or a recluse, but was intensely involved in the life of his day.The Scarlet Letter is set in the seventeenth century. It is an elaboration of a fact which the author took out of the life of the Puritan past.2. Transcendentalism took

13、 their ideas from_ .A. the romantic literature in EuropeB. neo-PlatonismC. German idealistic philosophyD. the revelations of oriental mysticismABCD8.   Transcendentalists recognized_ as the "highest power of the soul.”A. intuition   10. Transcendenta

14、lism appealed to those who disdained the harsh God of the Puritan ancestors, and it appealed to those who scorned the pale deity of New EnglandA. Transcendentalism                       

15、;               B. HumanismC. Naturalism                              

16、                      D. UnitarianismD13. The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature, evident in _ .A.  James Feni

17、more Cooper's Leatherstocking TalesB.  Henry David Thoreaus WaldenC.  Mark Twains Huckleberry FinnD.  Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet LetterABC14.  A preoccupation with the demonic and the mystery of evil marked the works of _ , and a host of lesser write

18、rs.A. Nathaniel Hawthorne                                  B. Edgar Allan PoeC. Herman Melville     

19、                                     D. Mark TwainABC16. In the nineteenth century America, Romantics often shared

20、certain general characteristics. Choose such characteristics from the following.A.  moral enthusiasmB.  faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perceptionC.  adoration for the natural worldD.  presumption about the corrosive effect of human societyAB

21、CD17.  Choose Washington Irving' s works from the following.A. The Sketch Book                                   

22、60;     B. Bracebridge HallC. Tales of a Traveller                                    D. A History of New

23、 YorkABCD18.   In James Fenimore Cooper's novels, close after Natty Bumppo in romantic appeal , come the two noble red men. Choose them from the following.A. the Mohican Chief Chingachgook     B. UncasC. Tom Jones         

24、;                                            D. Kubla KhanABIn 1817, the stately poem

25、 called Thanatopsis introduced the best poet_ to appear in America up to that time.A. Edward Taylor                                 

26、60;            B. Philip FreneauC. William Cullen Bryant                              D. Edgar Allan

27、 PoeC To a Waterfowl Thanatopsis    21.   From the following, choose the poems written by Edgar Allan Poe.A. To Helen                         

28、60;                             B. The RavenC. Annabel Lee                 

29、                      D. The BellsABCD23.   Edgar Allan Poe's first collection of short stories is_ .D.   Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque24.   From the foll

30、owing, choose the characteristics of Ralph Waldo Emerson's poetry.A. being highly individual                         B. harsh rhythmsC. lack of form and polish   

31、;                      D. striking imagesABCD25.   Which book is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson?A. Representative Men          

32、0;                   B. English TraitsC. Nature                           &

33、#160;                D. The RhodoraD26.   Which essay is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson?A. Of Studies                  &#

34、160;                    B. Self-RelianceC. The American Scholar                       

35、0;   D. The Divinity School AddressA30. Nathaniel Hawthorne's ability to create vivid and symbolic images that embody great moral questions also appears strongly in his short stories. Choose his short stories from the following.A. Young Goodman Brown     &

36、#160;                   B. The Great Stone FaceC. The  Ambitious Guest                      

37、60;        ABCDD. Ethan BrandE. The Pearl32.   Herman Melville called his friend Nathaniel Hawthorne_ in American literature.A. the largest brain with the largest heart34. _ was a romanticized account of Herman Melville's stay among the Polynesia

38、ns. The success of the book soon made Melville well known as the " man who lived among cannibals". Typee37.   In the early nineteenth century American moral values were essentially Puritan. Nothing has left a deeper imprint on the character of the people as a whole than did_ .A.

39、Puritanism                         "The universe is composed of Nature and the soul. Spirit is present everywhere". This is the voice of the book Nature written by E

40、merson, which pushed American Romanticism into a new phase, the phase of New England_ Transcendentalism43.   Which is generally regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism?A. Nature          45. _ is an appalling fictional versio

41、n of Nathaniel Hawthorne' s belief that "the wrong doing of one generation lives into the successive ones" and that evil will come out of evil though it may take many generations to happen.A. The Marble Faun             &

42、#160;                   B. The House of Seven GablesC. The Blithedale Romance                      &

43、#160;  D. Young Goodman BrownBOnce upon a midnight dreary, while i pondered, weak and weary,Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door."Tis some visitor

44、," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber doorOnly this, and nothing more. "Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December,And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.Eagerly I wished the morrow; vainly I had tried to borrowFrom my books surcease of sorrow-sorro

45、w for the lost.Edgar Allan PoeThe RavenDescribe the mood of this poem: A sense of melancholy over the death of a beloved beautiful young woman pervades the whole poem, the portrayal of a young man grieving for his lost Leno-re, his grief turned to madness under the steady one-word repetition of the

46、talking bird.Work 3: Nuture1. As the leading New England Transcendentalist, Emerson effected a most articulate synthesis of the Transcendentalist views. One major element of his philosophy if his firm belief in the transcendence of the "Oversoul". His emphasis on the spirit runs through vi

47、rtually all his writings. " Philosophically considered," he states in Nature, which is generally regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism, "the universe is composed of Nature and the Soul. " He sees the world as phenomenal, and emphasizes the need for idealism, for

48、idealism sees the world in God. "It beholds the whole circle of persons and things, of actions and events, of country and religion, as one vast picture which God paints on the eternity for the contemplation of the soul. " He regards nature as the purest, and the most sanctifying moral infl

49、uence on man, and advocated a direct intuition of a spiritual and immanent God in nature. In this connection, Emerson' s emotional experiences are exemplary in more ways than one. Alone in the woods one day, for instance, he experienced a moment of "ecstasy" which he records thus in hi

50、s Nature:2. Standing on the bare ground, my head bathed by the blithe air and uplifted into infinite space, all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eyeball; I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God.3. Now this is a mome

51、nt of "conversion" when one feels completely merged with the outside world, when one has completely sunk into nature and become one with it, and when the soul has gone beyond the physical limits of the body to share the omniscience of the Oversoul. In a word, the soul has completely transc

52、ended the limits of individuality and beome part of the Oversoul. Emerson sees spirit pervading everywhere, not only in the soul of man, but behind nature, throughout nature. The world proceeds, as he observes, from the same source as the body of man. "The Universal Being" is in point of f

53、act the Oversoul that he never stopped talking about for the rest of his life. Emerson' s doctrine of the Oversoul is graphically illustrated in such famous statements; "Each mind lives in the Grand mind," "There in one mind common to all individual men," and "Man is con

54、scious of a universal soul within or behind his individual life. " In his opinion, man is made in the image of God and is just a little less than Him. This is as much as to say that the spiritual and immanent God is operative in the soul of man, and that man is divine. The divinity of man becam

55、e, incidentally, a favorite subject in his lectures and essays.4. This naturally led to another, equally significant, Transcendentalist thesis, that the individual, not the crowd, is the most important of all. If man depends upon himself, cultivates himself, and brings out the divine in himself, he

56、can hop to become better and even perfect. This is what Emerson means by the "infinitude of the privates man. " He tried to convince people that the possibilities for man to develop and improve himself are infinite. Men should and could be self-reliant. Each man should feel the world as hi

57、s, and the world exists for him alone. He should determine his own existence. Everyone should understand that he makes himself by making his world, and that he makes the world by making himself. " Know then that the world exists for you " he says. "Build therefore your own world. &quo

58、t; "Trust thy self!" and "Make thyself!" Trust your own discretion and the world is yours. Thus, as Henry Nash Smith ventures to suggest, "Emerson' s message was eventually (to use a telegraphic abbreviation) self-reliance. " Emerson' s eye was on man as he could be or could become; he was in the main optimistic about human perfectibility. The regeneration of the individual leads to the regenera