高三复习第一轮--定语从句(含练习-学生版-)

1、高三语法第一轮复习-定语从句【知识梳理】一、关系代词1 充当主语的关系代词。限制性定语从句1). Edmund Halley was an English scientist _ lived over 200 years ago.2). A plane is a machine _can fly.3). Such people _ were recommended by him were reliable.4). a. China is one of the nations that _ （make）great progress in reducing its population growt

2、h.b. Tom is the one of the boys who _ (be) praised.用法： 1) _。2) _。3) _。4) _。5). _。非限制性定语从句1). The river, _ was dirty in the past, is very clear now.2). The pupils, _ are very happy now, will go out for a picnic soon.3). They have three daughters, all of _are doctors.用法： 1)_。2)_。2 充当宾语的关系代词。动词宾语1) The

3、 shirt _ his mother made doesnt fit him.2) He is the man _ I met yesterday.3) a. He used such words _ he found in the text.b. He booked a room in the same hotel _ he once stayed at.用法：1). _。2)_。3). _。介词宾语1） He is the man _ _ I gave the money.2） This is the shop _ _ I bought the pen.3）Which is correc

4、t? He is the person I came across in the street last week.He is the person across whom I came in the street last week用法：1）_。2）. _。常用that作关系代词的几种情况（1）先行词前含形容词最高级，序数词或有only, very, any, few, all, little, every, each, no, much, some, one of作修饰语。This is the best film that I have ever seen.This is the ver

5、y book I am looking for. He is the only person that passed the examination.（2）先行词为指物的不定代词如all, anything, nothing, little, much, some, none, those等。In a record, you put down something (that) you want to remember.There is little that he can do for her.Ill do anything that I can.（3）先行词为人和物的名词词组。We talk

6、ed of people and things that were in our elementary school.（4）先行词是人或物，关系词在限制性定语从句中作表语时。Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.（5）主句中有疑问代词who 或 which, 为了免重复，用that.Who is the man that is standing over there?Who that has the sense of honour can do such a thing?常用who做关系词的情况。先行词为指人的one, ones,

7、anyone, somebody, everybody, anybody 或those, he时。The ones who dont work hard will fail in the exam.Those who want to buy this book sign your names here. Anyone who wants to go to college must study hard. 3 充当表语的关系代词1）He is no longer the simple-minded man _he was five years ago.2）It is not a profound

8、 book _ you think it to be.3). The town is about the same distance from Nanjing _Yangzhou is.用法：1). _。2). _。4 充当名词修饰语的关系代词1) Mr. Johnson was the one _ house caught fire last night.2) This is the classroom _ windows are broken.3). This is the house _ _ the windows face south.用法：1). _。2). _。5 修饰整个主句的关

9、系代词(as/which 区别)1) 在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词which可修饰前面整个主句, 置于主句后，译为“这”She went abroad, which surprised us all.He was punished, which served him right. as也可作关系代词修饰整个主句，译为：正如。She was frightened, as I could see from her eyes. 2)as 位置比较灵活， 可以位于主句前面、中间、或后面， 一般用逗号与主句隔开。 译为“正如”As we all know, he is famous for paint

10、ing.As was expected, he did not finish the work.As is natural, the moon goes round the earth.3) as后若为is或was+过去分词结构， is或was可以省略， 但which不可。The material is elastic, as shown in the figure.4) 在一些习惯用法中常用asAs we know, as expected/reported, as is often the case, as has been pointed out, 6.关系词 but 用于否定句中 bu

11、t=who not, which notThere is none but wishes to help you.There is not a single student but would like to study more. There was not one house but was burnt down. 7.关系词 than 用于比较级中There were more people injured in the accident than was/were reported.She has more teeth than are necessary for any partic

12、ular purpose.8.关系代词的省略1). 作宾语时可以省略， 但如果放在介词之后，不可省略This is the girl with whom he worked.This is the girl / he worked with2). 作主语的关系代词不可省略All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those that once grew in the forest. 3). 作表语的关系代词that可以省略He still talks like the man (that) he was ten years a

13、go. 9.prep+which+to do 相当于一个定语从句1). Allow me half an hour in which to wash the clothes.2). He has a knife with which to defend himself.10. suchas与suchthat的区别:1). Last term our math teacher set such a difficult examination problem none of us could work it out. 2). Last term our math teacher set such

14、a difficult examination problem none of us could work out. 3). I have only a few photos, but can show you I have. A. same asB. such as C. with which D. that4）.Her fear of flying was she always managed to travel by train or by boat.A. such thatB. such as C. so thatD. so as二、关系副词1). a. Ill always reme

15、mber the day _/_ _I went to the college.b. They have established elephant preserves, or areas of land set aside for herds of elephants_/ _ _ no one is allowed to harm them.c. Thats the reason _/_ _ he dislikes me.2).a. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _/_ _he is likely to lose control over

16、 the plane. b. The university is introducing a tutorial system, _/_ _ personal tutors can help students better choose what to learn.用法： 1). _。2). _。三、关系词的选择1). I will never forget the day_ we spent together.2). I want to spend my holiday on the beach, _ is beautiful. / _ I can enjoy the sunshine.3).

17、 Only those_knew well could be let in. a. who b. he c. that d. what用法： 1). _。2). _。3). _。【综合定语从句练习】1. Was it inside the garden _ you picked the flowers?2. Antarctic, _ _ we know very little, is covered with thick ice all the year round.3. Its the third time_ you have arrived late for class this week

18、.4. It was in the lab_was taken charge of by Professor Black that they did the experiment. 5. It was in 1969 _ the American astronauts succeeded in landing on the moon.6. The man was looking for a house_ _ he could get to his office easily.7. Please dont mention the man_ was mentioned by you. 8. Ple

19、ase put the note _ he can easily find it.9. There are millions of pain nerves in the body, and when any of _ are even slightly disturbed, they flash a pain impulse to the brain.10. According to the recent estimates, Great Miami has over 450,000 Spanish-speaking residents, _ _ about 400,000 are Cuban

20、s.11. The meeting yesterday was very successful as there was no one _ had his opinion expressed.12. _ can be seen from his skin, the man must be from Africa.13. The furniture _ I ordered was sent to the wrong address.14. I, _ am a friend of yours, will offer all I can to help you.15. He is the only

21、one of the persons in my office who_ (know) four foreign languages.16. The book belongs to the man _ name is John Smith.17. This is Prof. Jackson from US, _ I think has something interesting to tell us.18. He is a man of rich knowledge, from_ a lot can be learned.19. I shall never forget those days

22、when I lived in the army with the soldiers, _ has a great effect on my life.20. The highest building, _ we have ever built, is in the center of our city.21. She is one of the girls of her class who _ (play) the piano well.22. Nearby were two boats _ _ they had come to the island.23. Rose wrote an es

23、say longer than required, _ her teacher hadnt expected.24. Whats that _ was flashed in the sky just now?25. It was a most relaxing day for those students _ for the first time in months they didnt have to do extra assignments.26. You can take any seat _ is free.27. The size of the audience, _ I had e

24、xpected, was well over ten thousand.28. The old lady has two sons, one of _ is a teacher.29. This is the train _ _we went to Nanjing the other day.30. The science of medicine, in _ progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences.31. The speed_ _ light travels i

25、s said to be the maximum in the universe.32. The old doorman believed the reason _, as he found later, the well-dressed lady made up and let her in.33. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the people unhappy.34. They promised to help us, _ _ we were thankful

26、.35. Mr. Hill is recognized as punctual for almost everything. How can it be _ he was late for the wedding ceremony yesterday?36. There are many research stations in the area _ the soil is studied.37. They have started an investigation, the details _ _ are being kept secret.38. Many others we met li

27、ved much the same life _the people here did several hundred years ago.39. I was struck by the limited use _ the Indians made of their natural resources.40. The daughter was so angry at all that her mother was doing _ she walked out of the house without saying anything.41. I have bought the same dres

28、s _ she is wearing.42. Most of the classmates wanted to know the way in which/that/不填 he learns new course.43. To make up an objective test, the teacher writes a series of questions, each of _ has only one correct answer.44. Is the shop around here _ Ann bought her new dress?45. Nothing should be do

29、ne in a hurry _can be done slowly.46. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer _ exists in the public mind today.47. Students should involve themselves in community activities _they can gain experience for growth.48. There are cases _ speech has started late in a chil

30、d who eventually turns out to be of high IQ.49. This is the most important position _ a graduate has ever been offered.50. I have never been to Rome but thats the city _ Id like to visit most.【阅读语法】(1)The behavior of a buildings users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energ

31、y use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions (排放）by 80 percent by 2050, part of _1_ will be achieved by all new homes being zero-carbon by 2016. But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own _2_ extrem

32、ely important- is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behavior of the people using the building _3_ _ change too. The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes _4_(ignore) by existing efforts _5_(improve) energy efficiency (效率)，which instead focus on architectural a

33、nd technological developments.Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything,explains Katy Janda, a UKERC senior researcher，consumption patterns of building users can defeat _6_(careful)design. In other words，old habits die hard, even in the best-designed eco-home.Another part of

34、 the problem is information. Households and bill-payers dont have the knowledge they need to change their energy-use habits. _7_specific information，its hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices. Feedback facilities, like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge t

35、his information gap by helping people see how _8_(change)their behavior directly affects their energy use; some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 percent energy savings using smart meters.Social science research has added a further dimension，_9_(suggest) that individualsbehavio

36、r in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted 一 _10_people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat (恒温器) , for example. Janda argues that education is the key. She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behavior in them.(2)Most damag

37、ingly, anger weakens a person's ability to think clearly and keep control over his behavior. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation _1_arouses his anger.Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; _2_ angers one person may amuse

38、 another. The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful _3_ (tolerate). We no longer regard duels(决斗) as an appropriate expression of an

39、ger _4_(result) from one person's awareness of insulting behavior on the part of another.Anger can be identified in the brain, _5_ the electrical activity changes. Under most conditions EEG (脑电图) measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal (额叶前部)

40、areas. Behaviorally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition （意向）_6_ most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren't balanced and. as a result of this, we're likely to react. And our behavioral response to anger is different from our response to other emotions, whether positive or negative.Most positive emotions are associated with approa