全英文介绍中国科技ScienceandTechnology知识分享

1、Chapter 6Science and Technology 第一页，共58页。A brief introduction of Chinese Science and Technology Ancient Science and TechnologyChinese Science and technology Modern Scientific and Technological Achievements第二页，共58页。Ancient Science and Technology The Four Major Inventions Compass Papermaking Gunpowder

2、 Printing Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Other Impressive Ancient Inventions第三页，共58页。Modern Science and Technological Achievements Atomic energy Nuclear and hydrogen bombs Oil production Synthetic crystalline bovine insulin First man-made satellite Scientific research on the Pacific Ocean Breakt

3、hrough in Goldbachs Conjecture Reach on PNA semi-molecule Five-stroke code computer input method 第四页，共58页。 Great Wall scientific inspection station at the South Pole Nuclear power stations in China Research, development and application of super-conductivity Positive and negative electron collider 2.

4、16 metre optical celestial telescope Yuan Longping and hybrid rice Shenzhou V and Shenzhou VI第五页，共58页。The four Major Inventions compassCompassThe compass vehicle第六页，共58页。Compass Early in the Warring States period, while mining ores and melting copper and iron, Chinese people chanced upon a natural m

5、agnetite that attracted iron and pointed fixedly north. Referred to as a South-pointer, the spoon or ladle (长柄杓子(sho z) shaped compass is made of magnetic lodestone (天然磁石), and the plate is bronze. The circular center represents Heaven, and the square plate represents Earth. The compass vehicle第七页，共

6、58页。Usages of the compass voyages Vasco da Gama voyage to India Christopher Columbus discover America Ferdinand Magellan voyage round the world Zhenghe voyages to the “western ocean”第八页，共58页。voyages to the “western ocean”第九页，共58页。The four Major Inventions Papermaking The usages of paper What people

7、used before paper was invented Shang dynasty-bones, tortoise shells and bronze wares Later -silk, bamboo and wood Disadvantages of the bamboo slips and silk Discussion: What if we dont have paper?第十页，共58页。第十一页，共58页。Cai Lun Paper Time: Eastern Han Dynasty Inventor: Cai Lun Job: court official Materia

8、ls: bark, hemp (麻头), rags, fishnet, wheat stalks and other materials Ways to make paper: 1.the materials were soaked.2.cut into pieces,.3.boiled with plant ash.4.washed.5.grounded with a pestle in a mortar (杵和臼). 6.the mixture was then poured evenly on a flat surface to dry, or baked to become paper

9、. Advantages of Cai Lun Paper: Effect:第十二页，共58页。第十三页，共58页。Traditional festival-Tomb sweeping day Traditional customs in Tomb sweeping day: Fire paper set off firecrackers A story about why people fire paper for the dead people第十四页，共58页。The four Major Inventions Gunpowder Time: Tang Dynasty Inventor:

10、 Sun Simiao Job: pharmacologist(药剂师) Usages of gunpowder in military application: Tang Dynasty: Explosive bombs, and catapults（石弩） Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties: Flying Fire-Arrows（发机飞火）, Bronze Cannons（火铳(hu chn)）, and Two-Stage Rockets（火龙出水） Studied by other countries: Yuan Dynasty Effect: 第十五页，共5

11、8页。第十六页，共58页。The four Major Inventions Printing block printingPrinting movable type printingTime of block printing invented: between the Sui and Tang dynastiesProcess of block printing: 1.cut the wood into blocks. 2.then characters were engraved in relief (凸起(t q) on the blocks.3.Ink was brushed on

12、the engraved block.4. a white sheet of paper was spread across it.5.then brushed with a clean brush on its back leaving an image when the paper was removed.第十七页，共58页。第十八页，共58页。()/ The worlds oldest surviving book printed on paper is Vajra Sutra (金刚经). It is the earliest woodcut illustration in a pri

13、nted book.Disadvantages of block printing: 1. 2. 3.第十九页，共58页。Movable type printing Time: Song Dynasty Inventor: Bi Sheng Job: printing carver Process of movable type printing: 1.involved engraving single words into pieces of clay. 2.firing them until hardened and using them as permanent type. 3.The

14、type was then set into printing plates. Advantages of movable type printing:1. 2. 3. Different materials: wood, tin, copper and lead blocks 第二十页，共58页。Chapter 6Science and TechnologyTraditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)Other Impressive Ancient Inventions 第二十一页，共58页。Discussion : whats the difference betw

15、een TCM and Western medicine? Means of diagnosis (n.诊断) ,treatment and its composition of drugs and prescriptions (n.处方药，治疗(zhlio)方法).第二十二页，共58页。Traditional medicine is based on the premise（前提）that the cause of sickness is an imbalance and blockage（阻塞(zs)、堵塞） of the flow of qi. Acupuncture(针灸(zhnji)

16、 Herbal（草药） Massage（按摩） Diets Corrective breathing exercises: Taiji or qigong pills (丸)，powder(散)，extracts (膏)，pellets(丹)刮痧，推拿(tun)，针灸，拔罐第二十三页，共58页。第二十四页，共58页。Four diagnostic methods: Listen (望) Smelling （闻） Inquiring and observing（问） Feeling the pulse（切）第二十五页，共58页。The most famous medical experts in

17、 ancient China Bian Que Hua Tuo : Mafeisan and “The Five-Animal Exercise”（五 禽戏） Zhang Zhongjing：On Disease (伤寒(shnghn)杂病论) Li Shizhen ： Compendium of Meteria Medica（本草纲目）第二十六页，共58页。第二十七页，共58页。 Fireworks Abacus Silk Porcelain Seismograph Anaesthetic Weiqi 第二十八页，共58页。第二十九页，共58页。Modern Major Scientific

18、 and Technological Achievements第三十页，共58页。Introduction Since 1949, science and technology in China has continued to develop rapidly, particularly in the last 20 years. 第三十一页，共58页。Contents Atomic energy（原子能） Nuclear and hydrogen bombs （核弹氢弹爆炸） Oil production （油田(yutin)生产） Synthetic crystalline bovine

19、insulin（合成结晶牛胰岛素） First man-made satellite （第一颗人造卫星） Breakthrough in Goldbachs Conjecture(哥德巴赫猜想) Research on RNA semi-molecule(核糖核酸半分子)第三十二页，共58页。 Five-stroke code computer input method(五笔字型汉字输入法) Great Wall scientific inspection station at the South Pole(南极长城科学观察站) Nuclear power stations in China（

20、中国的核电站） Research, development and application of super-conductivity(超导体) Positive and negative electron collider(正负电子对撞机) 2.16 metre optical celestial telescope (光学天文望远镜) Yuan Longping and hybrid rice（杂交(zjio)水稻） Shenzhou V(神舟五号)and Shenzhou VI(神舟六号)第三十三页，共58页。Nuclear bomb（原子弹（原子弹爆炸爆炸(bozh)）Hydrogen

21、 bomb（氢弹（氢弹(qngdn)爆炸）爆炸） 第三十四页，共58页。Oil production （油田(yutin)生产） Daqing Oil Field (大庆油田(d qn yu tin)第三十五页，共58页。Synthetic crystalline bovine insulin（合成(hchng)结晶牛胰岛素）第三十六页，共58页。First man-made satellite （第一颗人造卫星(rnzowixng)）No.1Dongfanghong 东方红一号第三十七页，共58页。Breakthrough in Goldbachs Conjecture(哥德巴赫猜想)第三十

22、八页，共58页。Chen Jingrun 陈景润第三十九页，共58页。 He proved that any sufficient even number could be the product of a prime numbers plus at most two other prime numbers (abbreviated as 1+2). “任一充分大的偶数都可以表示成二个素数的和，或是一个(y )素数和一个(y )半素数(两个素数的乘积所得的自然数)的和”。 4=2+2，63+3,85+3, 10=7+3,12=7+5,14=11+3,第四十页，共58页。 Nucleotide

23、核苷酸第四十一页，共58页。 Five-stroke code computer input method第四十二页，共58页。Chinese Scientific Survey Stations Zhongshan Station January 26,1989 KunLun Station October 16,2008 Arctic Yellow River Station July28,2004 Great Wall Station February 20,1985第四十三页，共58页。 Nuclear power stations in China （中国(zhn u)的核电站） 第

24、四十四页，共58页。Magnetic suspension train（磁悬浮列车）第四十五页，共58页。Positive and negative electron collider (正负电子对撞机)第四十六页，共58页。 Optical Celestial Telescope (光学(gungxu)天文望远镜)第四十七页，共58页。Yuan Longping and Hybrid Rice （杂交(zjio)水稻） Yuan Longpings (袁隆平) pioneering work in hybrid rice breeding and production techniques

25、has revolutionized rice cultivation in China.第四十八页，共58页。第四十九页，共58页。Shenzhou V (神州(Shnzhu)五号) October 17, 2003, after a landmark 14 orbit, 21-hour and 23-minute expedition, Yang Liwei returned to the Earth. 第五十页，共58页。Shenzhou VI (神州六号) On Oct, 17, 2005, the re-entry capsule of Chinas Shenzhou-VI spac

26、ecraft, carrying astronauts Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng after a five-day space expedition landed safely. 第五十一页，共58页。 神舟八号与天宫一号(y ho)对接第五十二页，共58页。 The Shenzhou 8 spacecraft was automatically docked with the Tiangong 1 space module (launched on 29 September 2011) on November 3 and again on November 14, 2011.This unmanned dockingChinas firstwas followed in 2012 with the manned Shenzhou 9 mission, which performed a manned docking (