初一下册英语第四单元讲义unit4语法篇

1、Unit 4 语法篇§5知识梳回祈使句一、祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语 you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句 末用感叹号或句号，读降调。二、祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型：1. 行为动词原形+其它成分。例如：Make sentences after the model.根据例句造句。2. Be动词+其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等 )。例如：Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。3. Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分。例如：Let him go back now.让他现在回去吧。三.祈使句的否定句式祈使句的

2、否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上Don'或Never, 一般分为以下四种类型：1 .在祈使句的肯定句式前加Do'上构成Don'讣行为动词原形+其它成分。例如：Don' t say that again 别再那样说了！2 .在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don' t构成Don' t b计其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如：Don' t be careles坏要粗心。注意：在这种句型中 be不能省略；否定副词not不可置于be之后。3 . Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种：(1)Let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的

3、宾格，可在 Let前加Don' ,t也 可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。(2)如果以Let '矛头的祈使句，必须在 Let '后加not。例如：Don' t let me go with her tomorrow. = Let me not go with her tomorrow.不要让我明天跟她一起去。Let s not tell her the truth whenever we meet her.无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。4 .在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用 No +名词/V-ing形式结构，表示禁止做某事。例如：NO P

4、HOTOS! 禁止拍照！四 . 祈使句的反意问句祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式：1 .祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用 will you ； 表示邀请、劝说时， 用wont you 。例如：Be sure to write to us, will you? 你一定要给我们写信，好吗？Come to have dinner with us this evening, won t you?今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？2 .祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you 。例如：Don t smoke in the meet

5、ing room, will you?不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？3 . Let 开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Let s 用 shall we 外，其它均用will you 。例如：Let the boy go first, will you? 让个那男孩先走，好吗？Let s take a walk after supper, shall we?晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？情态动词1. Look! The traff ic light has turned red. Westop our car.A. canB. can ' tC. mustD. mustn ' tmust 和

6、have to情态动词用法例句must表7K 必须，应该 之思，语气比 should, ought to强烈。其否te形式 mustn t表小 不 准，不应该，禁止”等意1. You must come to school on time.2. Everybody must obey the law.3. You mustn't drive so fast in the street.4. We mustn't waste any more time.在回答带有must的问句时，否定回答常用needn t或 don t have to, 表小 不必 ,而 不用 mustn

7、9;t1. 一 Must I come back before ten?Yes, you must.(No, you needn't)表示有把握的推测，意为“一定、准是、 相必”，只用于肯定句中1. It must be my mother.2. You must be hungry after a walk.3. There must be a hole in the wall.have tohave to“必须，不得不”，意义与 must相近。但 must表小的是说话人的主观看法，而haveto则往往强调客观需要。1. The film is not interesting. I

8、really must go now.2. I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital.must只有一种形式，即现在式与过去式都 丘-种形式，而 have to则涉及各种人称、 时态等方面的变化形式。1. I had to work hard when I was your age.2. I will have to learn how to use a computer.3. In order to take the exam, we'll have to finish the whole book by the end of

9、 this month .两者的否te思义小向， mustn t表示 禁止， 不许 ,don t have to Wtk/、必。1. You mustn't go there.2. You don't have to go there.122. Nowadays .all passengers go through safety check before take a train.A. canB. mayC. mustD. will3. Mr. Wang, must I come again to clean the classroom on Sunday?-No, you.

10、I have asked Kate to do it.A. can ' tB. mustn ' tC. needn ' t4. Daniel,play with the mobile phone while you're walking in the street.A. don'tB. doesn'tC. won'tD. shouldn ' tD. can't5. kind and helpful to the people around us, and we will make the world a nicer pla

11、ce to live in.A. BeB. BeingC. To be6. in bed. It ' s bad for your eyes.B. Don' t readA. Not to readC. Don' t to readD. BeenD. Not read一、单项选择1. picture books in class, please.A.Not readB.No readC.Not readingD.2. Ssh! talk loudly. The baby is sleeping right now.A.DoB.DoesC.Don'tD.3. Do

12、 you wear a uniform at school?A.mustB.have toC.mayD.4. You stop when the traffic light turns red.A.canB.had betterC.needD.5. - you give your seat to this old man?-Of course.A. CanB. ShallC. NeedD.Don't readDoesn'tcanmustMust二、按要求转换句型6 . Throw that piece of paper away.（改为否定祈使句 ） that piece of

13、 paper away.7 . Pick some flowers, please.（改为否定祈使句 ） pick flowers, please.8 . I have to look after myself.（改为否定句）I look after myself.9 . Andy has to study for a test.（改为一般疑问句） Andy study for a test?10 . I can talk to Jenny's mother.（改为一般疑问句） talk to Jenny's mother?三、翻译（根据中文提示完成句子）11 .请找布朗先生接

14、电话好吗 ？ speak to Mr.Brown?12 .在周末我喜欢去那儿，但是我得先做一些家务活。I go there on weekends, butsome housework first.13 .地球是我们美丽的家园，我们必须保持地球清洁。The earth is our beautiful home.We14 .不要在街道上打篮球。in the street.15 .禁止在草上行走。on the grass.一、翻译（根据中文提示完成句子）1 .她会说一点儿中文。She speak a little Chinese.2 .-学生们可以在走廊上跑吗？- -不，他们不能。- -Can

15、the students run in the hallways?- -No, they .3. -我能在教室里吃东西吗？- -不，你不能。- - I in the classroom?- -No, you can't.4. 你上课不要接电话。You answer the telephone in class.5. 我10点钟之前不得不上床睡觉。I go to bed before 10:00.、按要求转换句型6. Will you please not open the window?（改为祈使句）the window.7. We have to clean the room.（就划

16、线部分提问） do you have to ?8. She has to do her homework.（改为否定句）She do her homework.9. I have to stay at home on rainy days.（改为一般疑问句并作出否定回答） you stay at home on rainy days?No, I .10. You don't have to get up so early.（改为同义句）You get up so early.三、完形填空Every school has its own rules. How many 11 are th

17、ere in your school? At some schools, the students 12 to wear uniforms on school days. But many students don't liketo wear uniforms. They think the uniforms are the ugliest 13 in the world. But the schools don't allow the students to wear 14 own clothes at school. So some students draw cartoo

18、ns or some famous singers on their 15. They think it is very 16 that everyone wears the same. It is very unfair（不公平的）that the teachers and the students are wearing 17. But most of the students 18 the rules. What do you think 19 it? Do you 20 your school uniforms?11.A.studentsB.rulesC.uniformsD.ruler

19、s12.A.hasB.mustC.shouldD.have13.A.clothesB.shirtsC.skirtsD.cloth14.A.theirB.theyC.themD.themselves15.A.school bagsB.booksC.uniformsD.desks16.A.boredB.boringC.interestingD.interested17.A.sameB.differentlyC.differentD.the same18.A.obeyB.agreeC.listenD.listen to19.A.ofB.aboutC.byD.for20.A.likeB.makeC.w

20、ashD.put on于家庭J乍业一、单项选择us.1. - What's your teacher like?-She is always strictA. inB. withC. to2. Mr. Black always goes to worktime. He is never late.A. atB. onC.inD.with3.-I go out with my friends, Mom?-No, you can't. You must do your homework first.A. MustB. Have toC.DoD.Can4. On Sunday I h

21、ave to go to the farmmy parents.A. to helpB. helpC.helpingD.helped5. - What are the rules at your school?-Don't run in the hallways andarrive late for class.A. not toB.won'tC. don'tD.no6. There arepeople in the hall and there arenoise（噪音）in it.A. too many; too muchB.too many; much tooC.

22、too much; too manyD.too much; much too7. Our classroom is.We must clean it.A. dirtyB. sorryC.quietD.noisy8. - What do you do after dinner?A. have breakfastB.have lunchC. get up earlyD.watch TV9. - What are your rules at home?-I have to go to bedten.A. afterB. beforeC.inD.on10. - Are you happy?.I hav

23、e a lot of rules.A. Yes, I amB. Yes, I doC.No, I'm notD.No, I don't二、完形填空My name is Li Xia. I am a middle school student. As a student, I have many rules. I can't be late 11 class. I must 12 on time. I can't run in the hallways. I can't 13 in the classroom. I must eat in the dini

24、ng hall.I 14 listen to music in the classroom, but I can listen to it outside. I have to wear my school 15 every day. I can't wear a hat. In the school library, we must be quiet. We can't talk loudly or laugh loudly.At home, I have to get up early and help my mom 16 breakfast. I have to make

25、 the bed and 17 my bedroom every morning. I can't watch TV 18 play computer games 19 school nights. On weekends, I have to practice the guitar and the piano. I can't play 20 on school days. I am not happy. What can I do?11.A.toB.withC.forD.in12.A.amB.isC.areD.be13.A.fightB.eatC.singD.dance14

26、.A.can'tB.canC.doD.don't15.A.bookB.shoeC.uniformD.rules16.A.doB.makeC.to doesD.to makes17.A.makeB.eatC.cleanD.follow18.A.orB.andC.withD.for19.A.inB.atC.onD.with20.A.the basketballB.the soccerC.volleyballD.piano三、阅读理解Today is Sunday, and there will be a concert（音乐会）at Hong He Concert Hall at

27、7:00 p.m. Mr. Smith arrives there early, and he is reading the "Notice to the Audience （听众须知）”.Notice to the Audience1. Dress neatly（整洁）and don't wear slippers（拖鞋）into the concert hall.2. Don't take food or drink into the hall.3. Don't take children under 1.2m in height into the con

28、cert hall.4. Keep off all beepers and mobile phones （手机）during the concert.5. Don't take photos during the concert.6. Don't smoke in the concert hall.21. What day is it today?A.It's Saturday.C.It's Monday.22. What time is it now?A.7:00 a.m.C.7:00 p.m.23. Mr. Smith is .A.listening to

29、the concertC.reading the notice24. The audience have to A.wear slippersC.eat or drink something25. Which is RIGHT?A.B.C.D.B.It's Sunday.D.It's Friday.B.Before 7:00inthe morning.D.Before 7:00p.m.B.waiting for his friendsD.watching a movieB.make phone callsD.dress neatlyChildren under 1.2m can

30、't come into the hall.People with no beepers or mobile phones can't come into the hall.If you want, you can smoke in the hall.You can take some photos during the concert.四、单词拼写(单句首字母填空)26. I think students should follow the school r .27. We have to be q in the library.28. Don't go out b

31、you finish your homework.29. The room is too small. Let's go o.30. I learn how to use the computer and I f very happy.五、适当形式填空(单句适当形式)31. Dont be (noise) in the classroom.32. I feel very (relax) after having a good rest.33. I have to do the (dish) after dinner.34. I have many storybooks, but Tom

32、 has (many).35. Please keep your eyes（close）.六、对话7选5A: Hello, Li Lei. 36.B: We can't arrive late for class.A: 37B: No, we can't. But we can eat in the dining hall.A: Can you listen to music in the hallways?B: No, we can't. 38.A: Do you have to wear uniforms?B: 39A: 40.B: Yes, I do, or my

33、 parents will be angry（ 生气）.A: I have to do my homework first when I get home.A. Can you eat in the classroom?B. Do you have to finish your homework after school?C. What are your school rules?D. Yes, we do.E. And we can't wear hats at school.七、选词填空（短文选词填空）latefirstparentsstrictleavingsayourfollo

34、wearlyafterOur Class RulesOur head teacher is very 41 with us. He makes many rules for us and asks us to42 them.We have to get up 43 in the morning. All of us must be on time for class. We can'tarrive 44We can't fight in or out of class. If we fight, he will call our45We can't eat or tal

35、k loudly in class. We must listen to the teacher carefully（ 认真地 ）.46 class, we can't run or listen to music in the hallway. We have to wear47. uniforms at school. We can't wear a hat in class. When we get home, we must do homework 48. We have to finish our homework on time. When we get to sc

36、hool every morning, we must 49 "hello" to all the teachers and say "Goodbye" when 50. school.八、阅读与表达（问答式）Have you ever had problems in your life and don't know how to be happy? If so, you will find the book Being a Happy Teenager is very useful, which is written by an Austral

37、ian writer Andrew Matthews.Andrew Matthews works as a writer, cartoonist（ 卡通画家 ）and speaker. His books have been translated into 20 languages. He has been on over 2000 radios and TV programs.In this book, Matthews tells us how to have a happy life and answers the questions of teenagers.There are many topics such as parents and friends, and the book says we should stop being angry and learn to forgive（原谅）.The book tells us of useful skills such as how to put what you have learned into pictures