2018高考真题英语全国1卷(含听力和答案)

1、精品精细；挑选;2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国 I 卷）英语注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案 标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时, 将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试 卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一

2、个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例: How much is the shirt?A. 19. 15.B.S. 18.答案是 Co1. What will James do tomorrow?A. Watch a TV program.B. Give a talk.C. Write a report.2. What can we say about the woman?A. She s generous.B. She s curious.3. When does the train l

3、eave?A. At 6:30.B. At 8:30.C. At 10:30.4. How does the woman go to work?A. By car.B. On foot.C. By bike.5. What is the probable relati on ship betwee n the speakers?C. 9. 15.C. She s helpful.精品精细；挑选;A. Classmates.精品精细；挑选;B. Teacher and student.C. Doctor and patie nt.第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分）听

4、下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小 题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白 读两遍。听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。6. What does the woma n regret?A. Giving up her research.B. Dropp ing out of college.C. Changing her major.7. What is the woman interested in studying now?A. Ecology.

5、B. Educati on.C. Chemistry.听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 9 题。8. What is the man?A. A hotel man ager.B. A tour guide.C. A taxi driver.9. What is the man doing for the woma n?A. Look ing for some local foods.B. Show ing her around the seaside.C. Offering information about a hotel. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。10. Where do

6、es the con versati on probably take place?A. I n an office.B. At home.C. At a restaura nt.11. What will the speakers do tomorrow eve ning?A. Go to a con cert.B. Visit a frie nd.C. Work extra hours.12. Who is Alice goi ng to call?A. Mike.B. Joan.C. Catherine.精品精细；挑选;听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。13.Why does

7、 the woma n meet the man?A. To look at an apartme nt.B. To deliver some furniture.C. To have a meal together.14.What does the woman like about the carpet?A. Its color.B. Its desig n.15.What does the man say about the kitche n?A. It s a good size.B. It s n ewly pain ted.C. It s adequately equipped.16

8、.What will the woman probably do next?A. Go dow ntow n.B. Talk with her frie nd.C. Make payme nt.听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。17.Who is the speaker probably talk ing to?A. Movie fans.B. News reporters.18.When did the speaker take English classes?A. Before he left his hometow n.B. After he came to America

9、.C. When he was 15 years old.19. How does the speaker feel about his teacher?A. He s proud. B. He s sympathetic.20. What does the speaker mai nly talk about?A. How educatio n shaped his life.B. How his Ian guage skills improved.C. How he man aged his bus in ess well.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；

10、每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）C. Its quality.C. College stude nts.C. He s grateful.精品精细；挑选;阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWash ington, D.C. Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Wash ington, D.C.Duratio n: 3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fan tastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with be

11、autifulflowers of Wash ington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history less on about the trees and the famousmonuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability -and the cherryblossoms-disappear!Washi ngton Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuratio n: 3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike t

12、our and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C.Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide sharesu nique facts andhistory at each stop. Guided tour in cludes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washi ngton, D.C.Duratio n: 3

13、 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking toexperience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertainyou with the most interesting stories about Preside nts, Con gress, memorials, and parks. Comfor

14、tablebikes and a smooth tour route (路线)make cycli ng betwee n the sites fun and relax ing.Washi ngton Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuratio n: 3 hours (7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washi ngton, D.C. Get upclose to the monuments and memorials

15、 as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall.Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour in cludesbike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21. Which tour do you n eed to book in a

16、dva nce?A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washi ngto n, D.C.B. Wash ington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C. Cap ital City Bike Tour in Washi ngto n, D.C.D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.精品精细；挑选;22. What will you do on the Cap ital City Bike Tour?A. Meet famous people.B. Go to a n ati

17、onal park.C. Visit well-k nown museums.D. Enjoy in teresti ng stories.23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A. City map s.B. Cameras.C. Meals. D. Safety lights.BGood Morning Britain Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but sheis cooking up a

18、storm in her latest role showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious mealson a tight budget.In Save Mon ey: Good Food she visits a differe nt home each week and with the help of chef MattTebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under :S per family

19、 aday. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she s been able to put a lot ofwhat she s learnt into practice in her chome, prepari ng meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.We love Mexica n churros, so I buy them on my pho ne from my local Mexica n takeawayrestaura nt, II she explaipay

20、 5I a porti on （一份）,bur Matt makes them for 26p a portion, becausethey are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we re nawarehow cheaply we can make this food ourselves. IIThe eight-part series（系列节目） ，Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV SavsMo

21、n ey: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of healthproducts on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expe nse, Susa nna and Matt spe nd time with a differentfamily each week. In tonight s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need o

22、f some deliciousinspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family s long weekend of celebration with lessexpensive but still tasty recipes.24. What do we kn ow about Susa nna Reid?A. She enjoys embarrass ing her guests.B. She has started a new programme.C. She dislikes working early in the mor

23、ning.D. She has had a tight budget for her family.精品精细；挑选;25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susa nn a?A. He buys cook ing materials for her.B. He prepares food for her kids.C. He assists her in cook ing matters.D. He invites guest families for her.26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A.

24、 Summarize the previous paragraphs.B. Provide some advice for the readers.C. Add some backgro und in formati on.D. In troduce a new topic for discussi on.27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB. Bala ncing Our Daily DietC. Maki ng Yourself a Perfect ChefD. Cook

25、ing Well for LessCLanguageshave been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there hasbeen less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small,tightly knit （联系）groups developed their own patter ns of speech in depe ndent of each other.

26、 SomeIan guage experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, theyspoke perhaps 12,000 Ian guages betwee n them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settli ng dow n to become farmers, and their Ianguages too became more settled and fewer in nu mbe

27、r. I n rece nt cen turies, trade, industrialisation, thedevelopment of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory educati on, especiallyglobalisati on and better com muni cati ons in the past few decades, all have caused many Ianguages todisappear, and dominant Ianguages such as En glis

28、h, Spanish and Chin ese are in creas in gly tak ingover.At present, the world has about 6,800 Ianguages. The distribution of these Ianguages is hugelyuneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few Ian guages, ofte n spoke n by manypeople, while hot, wet zones have lots, ofte n spoke

29、 n by small nu mbers. Europe has only around 200精品精细；挑选;Ian guages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of whichPapua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number中位数)of speakers is a mere6,000, which means that half the world s Ianguages

30、are spoken by fewer people thanthat.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 Ian guages are close to ext inction 消 亡),with only a fewelderly speakers left. Pick, at ran dom, Busuu in Camero on (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco inMexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three)

31、or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with aquestion-mark): none of these seems to have much cha nee of survival.28. What can we infer about Ian guages in hun ter-gatherer times?A. They developed very fast.B. They were large in nu mber.C. They had similar patter ns.D. They were closely conn ected.29. Which

32、of the following best explains dominant II underlined in paragraph 2?A. Complex.B. Adva need.C. Powerful.D. Modern.30. How many Ian guages are spoke n by less tha n 6,000 people at prese nt?A. About 6,800.B. About 3,400.C. About 2,400.D. About 1,200.31. What is the main idea of the text?A. New Ian g

33、uages will be created.B. People s lifestyles are reflected in Ianguages.C. Huma n developme nt results in fewer Ian guages.D. Geography determ ines Ian guage evoluti on.We may thi nk we re a culture that gets rid of our worn tech no logy at the first sight of somethingshiny and new, but a new study

34、shows that we keep using our old devices （装置）well after they go outof style. That bad news for the environmenand our walletsas these outdated devices consumemuch more en ergy tha n the n ewer ones that do the same thi ngs.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her c

35、olleagues at theRochester In stitute of Tech no logy in New York tracked the en vir onmen tal costs for each productthroughout its lifefrom whe n its min erals are mined to when we stop using the device. This methodprovided a readout for how home en ergy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Device

36、s were grouped精品精细；挑选;by gen erati on. Desktop computers, basic mobile phon es, and box-set TVs defi ned 1992. Digitalcameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs en tered homesin 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices,

37、 however, we didn throw out our old ones. Theliving-roomtelevision is replaced and gets planted in the kids room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in everyroom of the house,II said one researcher.The average nu mber of electr onic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. we ren

38、ot just keeping these old devices ve continue to use them.According to the analysis of Babbitt s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs withcathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and con tributi on to gree nhousegas emissi ons 排放）more tha n doubli ng duri ng the 1992 t

39、o 2007 win dow.So what s the solutic 解决方案）? The team s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers alsoexplored what would happe n if con sumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve morethan one function, such as a tablet for word process ing and TV viewi ng. They found that more

40、 on-demand en terta inment viewi ng on tablets in stead of TVs and desktop computers could cut en ergy consumpti on by 44%.32. What does the author thi nk of new devices?A. They are en viro nmen t-frie ndly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style q

41、uickly.33. Why did Babbitt s team con duct the research?A. To reduce the cost of min erals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update con sumers on new tech no logy.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV.B. Th

42、e tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electr onic devices?精品精细；挑选;A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有 两项为多余选项。Color is fun dame ntal in home desi

43、gn someth ing you lalways have in every room. A grasp ofhow to man age color in your spacesis one of the first steps to creating rooms you lllove to live in. Doyou want a room that full of life? Professi on al? Or are you just look ing for a place to relax after a longday? 36 , color is the key to m

44、aking a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach thisimportant point. _37_, they can get a little complex. But good news is that there re really only threekinds of decisions you need to make about color in your

45、home: the small on es, the medium on es, andthe large on es.38. They re the little spots of color like throw pillowmirrors and baskets thatmost of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive tha n buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bri

46、ng with them the sig nifica nt ben efit of beingeasily cha ngeable.Medium color choices are gen erally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves.39. They require a bigger commitme nt tha n smaller on es, and they have a morepowerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color

47、 decisi ons in your rooms concern the walls, ceili ngs, and floors. Whether you relooking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are sig ni fica nt.40.A. While all of them are usefulB. Whatever you re looking forC. If you re experimenting with a coloD. Small color c

48、hoices are the ones we re most familiar withE. It s not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；

49、每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）精品精细；挑选;阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以 填入空白处的最佳选项。During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a free II course, calThdnking Chess, for t hree credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all,who doesn42 a fewa

50、nt todollars? More tha n that, I d always wan ted to lear n chess. And, eve n if I43ereneno ugh about free credits, n ews about our 44 was appeali ng eno ugh to me. He was an internationalgrandmaster, which 45 I would be learning from one of the game s 46 . I could hardly wait to 47 him.Maurice Ashl

51、ey was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this 48 was no gamefor him; he meant bus in ess. In his in troduct ion, he made it 49 that our credits would be hard-ear ned.In order to 50 the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we pla n to 51 what wewould lea

52、r n in class to our future professi ons and, 52 , to our lives. I man aged to get an A in that 53 andlear ned life less ons that have served me well bey ond the54 .Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I m still putting to_use what heme：The absolute most important56_ that you learn when you pl

53、ay chess is how to精品精细；挑选;make good 57 . On every sin gle move you have to 58 a situatio n, process what your opponent (对手)isdoing and 59 the best move from among all your options. II These words still ring true today in my_ as ajournalist.41. A. put forward42. A. wasteB. jumped atC. tried outC. sav

54、eD. tur ned downD. payB.earn43. A. excitedB.worriedC. movedD. tired44. A. titleB. competitorC. textbookD. i nstructor45. A. urgedB.dema ndedC. heldD. meant46. A. fastestB.easiestC. bestD. rarest47. A. i nterviewB.meetC. challe ngeD. beat48. A. chanceB. qualificati onC. honorD. job49. A. realB.perfec

55、tC. clearD. possible50. A. atte ndB. passC. skipD. observe51. A. addB.exposeC. applyD. compare52. A. eve ntuallyB.n aturallyC. directlyD. n ormally53. A. gameB.prese ntati onC. courseD. experime nt54. A. criteri onB. classroomC. departme ntD. situati on55. A. taughtB.wroteC. questi onedD. promised56

56、. A. factB.stepC. mannerD. skill57. A. gradesB.decisi onsC. impressi ons D. comme nts58. A. an alyzeB.describeC. rebuildD. con trol59. A. announceB. sig nalC. blockD. evaluate60. A. roleB.desireC. concernD. behavior第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式According to a review o

57、f evidenee in a medical journal, runners live three years 6 (long) thannon-runners. You don t have to run fast or for lon2 (see) the ben efit. You may drink, smoke, beoverweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.While running regularly can make you live forever, the review says

58、 it 64 （be） more effective atle ngthe ning life 65 walki ng, cycli ng or swimmi ng. Two of the authors of the review also made a studypublished in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minu tes a day of running reduced the risk of heartdisease and early deaths from all 67 （cause）.The best exercise is one

59、 that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise . it s probably running. To精品精细；挑选;avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 （strength） your leg muscles （肌肉）,avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it s a69lays（energy）. If youare time poor, you n eed run

60、 for only half the time to get the same ben efits as other sports, so perhapswe should all give 70 a try.第四部分写作（共两节，满分 35 分）第一节短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 l 分，满分 10 分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的 增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（人），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下