国际结算专业词汇

1、国际结算专业词汇Acceptancen. 接受，承兑，承认The act of giving a written undertaking on the face of a usance bill of exchange to pay a stated sum on the maturity date indicated by the drawee of the bill, (usually in exchange for documents of title to goods shipped on D/A terms) - see Collections Introduction.Accept

2、ance Credit 承兑信用证A documentary credit which requires the beneficiary to draw a usance bill for subsequent acceptance by the issuing bank or the advising bank or any other bank as the credit stipulates - see Documentary Credits.Accommodation Bill 融通票据，欠单In the context of fraud, a bill drawn without a

3、 genuine underlying commercial transaction.Accountee n. 开证申请人，开证帐户主Another name for the applicant/opener of a documentary credit i.e. the importer = the person for whose account the transaction is made.Advice of Fate 出险事故通知The Collecting Bank informs the Remitting Bank of non- payment/non-acceptance

4、 or (for D/A bills) of acceptance and the bill maturity date - see Handling Import Collections.Advising a. 指导，通知Act of conveying the terms and conditions of a DC to the beneficiary. The advising bank is the issuing bank agent, usually located in the beneficiary country - see Export - DC Advising.Adv

5、ising also involves authentication i.e. advising bank should take reasonable care to check the apparent authenticity of the credit (ICC UCC 500 Art 7).Amendment n. 修改Alteration to the terms of a DC; amendments must stem from the applicant, be issued and advised to the beneficiary; the beneficiary ha

6、s the right to refuse an amendment if the credit is irrevocable - see Amendments to DCs.Applicant n. 申请人 One who applies to his bank to issue a documentary credit; in the majority of credits issued the applicant is an importer of goods B返回 Back-to-Back Credit 背对背信用证，转开信用证 A credit issued against the

7、 security back of another credit (master credit) on the understanding that reimbursement will stem from documents eventually presented under the first credit (master credit) issued - see Special DCs. It follows therefore that each side of a B/B transaction covers the shipment of the same goods.Benef

8、iciary n. 受益人，受款人A payee or recipient, usually of money.A party in whose favour a documentary credit is established, usually the exporter.Bill for Collection (BC) 托收票据Document(s) or cheque submitted through a bank for collection of payment from the drawee.Bill of Exchange (B/E) 汇票An unconditional or

9、der in writing, addressed by one person to another, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person, or to bearer.Bill of Lading (B/L) 提单A receipt for

10、 goods for shipment by sea. It is a Document of Title: see Documents.Bill Receivable (BR) 应收票据Bills which are financed by the receiving branch, whether drawn under a DC or not, are treated as BRs by both the remitting branch and the receiving branches - see Bills Receivable.Blank Endorsed 空白背书，无记名背书

11、When a bill of lading is made out to order or shipper order and the shipper has signed on the back of it, it is said to be blank endorsed. The bill of lading then becomes a bearer instrument and the holder can present it to the shipping company to take delivery of the goods. C返回Carrier n. 运输行，货运商，承运

12、人，货船，运载工具Person or company undertaking for hire the conveyance of goods e.g. shipping companyCase of Need （票据用语）如有必要，需要时的代理Agent nominated by a principal, to whom the collecting bank may refer in specified circumstances concerning collections - see the sections on Collections.Chaser n. 提示行Reminder s

13、ent by the collecting (or DC issuing) bank to the importer, repeating a request for payment - see Handling Import Collections.Clean a. 清洁的，未写过的，不附保留条件的Used to describe a draft/cheque with no shipping documents - see Collections Introduction.Used to describe a bill of lading without clauses that expr

14、essly declare a defective condition of the goods or the packing.Clean Bill Purchased 购光票A collection bill purchased with no shipping Purchase documents - see Financing Export Collections.Clean Bill Receivable (CBR) 不附带单据应收票据BR (Bill Receivable) with no shipping documents. The term is more often used

15、 for non-trade bills such as travellers cheques.Clean Collection 光票托收A draft with no documents Collection attached - see Collections ?Introduction?Clean Import Loan (CIL) 无抵押进口商融资A loan granted to an importer for payment of import bills, without the Bank having any claim to the goods.Collection Bank

16、 托收银行Bank in the drawee country that is instructed to collect payment from the drawee - see Collections Introduction.Collection Order 托收委托书Form submitted, with documents, to the Remitting/Negotiating Bank by an exporter with his instructions - see Collections ?Introduction.Confirming a. 确认的，保证的Act o

17、f a bank other than the issuing bank assuming the liability for payment, acceptance or negotiation of correctly presented documents under a DC - see Confirmation of DCs. Consignment n. 托运，寄售，寄售货物，交付Shipment of goods.Consignee n. 承销人，收货人，收件人，信用证申请人The person/company/bank to whom the goods are deliver

18、ed - usually the importer or the Collecting Bank - see Handling Import Collections.Consigner n. 寄售人，托运人，寄件人Also called shipper, is the person/company who sends goods by ship, by land or air.Contingent Liability 或有负债A liability that arises only under specified conditions, e.g. when a bank opens a DC

19、it incurs an obligation to make a future payment on condition that the terms are fully met.D返回DC Bills 信用证跟单汇票Bills drawn under documentary credits.Deferred Payment Credit (DPC) 延期付款信用证A DC which allows the nomination of a bank, or the issuing bank to effect payment against stipulated documents at a

20、 maturity date as specified or determinable from the wording of the credit.Demurrage n. 延滞费，滞港费，滞留期A charge made by a shipping company or a port authority for failure to load or remove goods within the time allowed.Discounting n. 贴现，计算现值Act of purchasing an accepted usance bill of exchange at an amo

21、unt less than the face value.Discrepancy n. 不一致，有差异，价差，异议Any deviation from the terms and conditions of a DC, or the documents presented there under, or any inconsistency between the documents themselves - see Negotiation under DCs.Dishonor v. n. 退票，拒兑，拒付Non-payment or non-acceptance.Documentary Cre

22、dit (DC) 跟单信用证，押汇信用证A conditional undertaking by a bank to make payment, often abbreviated to credit. More precisely, it is a written undertaking by a bank (issuing bank) given to the seller (beneficiary) at the request of the buyer (applicant) to pay a sum of money against presentation of documents

23、 complying with the terms of the credit within a set time limit.Documents n. 文件，单据，证券，记录，货运单据The characteristics and importance of the various documents associated with Import/Export operations are explained and illustrated in Deciding on Documents.Documents Against Acceptance (D/A) 承兑交单Instruction

24、for commercial documents to be released to the drawee on acceptance of the Bill of Exchange - see Collections ?Introduction.Documents Against Payment (D/P) 付款交单Instruction for documents to be released to the drawee only on payment - see Collections ?Introduction.Documents of Title 所有权文件，所有权凭证Documen

25、ts that give their owner the right to the goods, i.e. Bill of Lading.Draft n. v. 汇票，草案，拟定，吃水Bill of exchange issued by an exporter and submitted to his bank for collection, or under a DC - usually submitted with attached shipping documents - not to be confused with a bankers draft which is sometimes

26、 used as a vehicle for reimbursement.Drawee n. 受票人，付款人Party on whom a bill is drawn and the one to whom presentation is to be made according to the collection order - the importer (NB: for DC bills, the drawee is usually the DC issuing bank).Drawer n. 出票人，开票人The exporter, who draws the Bill of Excha

27、nge/draft which in itself is a claim for payment.Due Date 到期日，期满日Maturity date for payment E 返回Expiry Date 有效期截止日期，期满日期Latest date, usually in the country of the beneficiary, on which negotiation/payment of a DC can take place. F 返回Financed Bills 金融票据，融通票据Bills sent on collection in which the remitt

28、ing branch has a financial interest.Foreign Bill Purchased (FBP) 购入外国汇票，购入外国票据A bill remitted to a correspondent bank in which the remitting branch is financing the exporter - see Financing Export Collections.Forward Exchange Contract 远期外汇合同，远期外汇契约Contract between the Bank and its customer to buy/se

29、ll a fixed amount of foreign currency at a future date at a specified rate. This could be for a customer to make payment under a DC or to sell the proceeds received from an export negotiation.Freight v. n. 运费，运输，装运，运送的货物Goods OR the cost of transporting goods. G 返回General Average 共同海损Loss which is t

30、he result of a sacrifice voluntarily made or an expense incurred; for the sole purpose of saving a ship and its cargo in face of a common danger (e.g. jettison of cargo to lighten a ship in distress). The loss is borne proportionately by ship and cargo owners according to their respective interests

31、in the voyage.Gross Weight 毛重，总重量The weight of the merchandise in its shipping form, i.e. including all its packaging. I 返回Import License 进口许可证A permit issued by the importing countryS authorities in respect of goods subject to import licensing restrictions.Incoterms 国际贸易术语Shipping Terms - see Intro

32、duction to International Trade.Indemnity n. 赔偿，赔偿金，赔偿物，补偿，赔偿保证Also known as Letter of Guarantee (L/G), it is an undertaking given in respect of discrepancies in documents presented under a credit. The beneficiary who issues the indemnity is primarily liable to repay funds received from the negotiati

33、ng bank in settlement under the credit, if the negotiating bank cannot obtain reimbursement from the issuing bank as a result of documents being rejected by the applicant.Inherent Vice （货物的）固有缺陷The propensity of a commodity to self-destruction which gives rise to a high insurance risk, therefore cov

34、er is given only after payment of an additional premium (e.g. fruit rots, coal-dust spontaneously ignites).International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) 国际商会The international body which promotes and facilitates world trade, and which codifies world trade practices in various publications - see ICC Rules?u

35、nder Introduction to International Trade.Irrevocable Credit 不可撤销信用证Constitutes a definite undertaking of the issuing bank and the confirming bank, if any, to honour the credit provided the terms of the credit are observed. It may be advised to the beneficiary without engagement by the advising bank,

36、 and cannot be amended or cancelled unless the issuing bank, the confirming bank and the beneficiary agree.Issuing Bank 开证行The bank that opens a documentary credit at the request of its customer, the applicant. L 返回Letter of Credit (L/C) 信用证American term for documentary credit. In the United States,

37、 the terms D/C can often be confused for documentary collection.Letter of Hypothecation 押汇负责书，押货预支书A promise to hold goods as security taken from customers who are granted loans against goods imported on a collection basis.Loan Against Imports (LAI) 进口押汇Loans granted to import customers for payment

38、of bills. M 返回Master Credit 原信用证In back-to-back operations, the original export credit against which the second credit is openedMaturity n. （票据的）到期，到期日，偿还日Due date of payment of a usance bill or promissory note.N 返回Negotiable/Non-Negotiable 可转让的，可流通的不可转让的，不可流通的Usually used with regard to Bills of La

39、ding: a negotiable B/L is a valid document of title, while a non-negotiable B/L is not - the beneficiary of a DC (the exporter) may send the importer a non-negotiable B/L for information.Negotiation（信用证的）让购，议付Purchase of drafts under a documentary credit which the issuing bank has undertaken to pay.

40、Net Weight净重The weight of the merchandise before any packaging.Non-DC Bills非跟单信用证项下开立的汇票Bills not drawn under DC i.e. sent on a collection basis (D/P or D/A). In common usage we distinguish between Non DC bills which are financed collections and DCs which are non-financed.Non-Financed Bills无息汇票Bills

41、 sent on collection in which the remitting branch has no financial interest.Noting退票通知The first stage in protest of a dishonoured bill: if instructed to protest for non-payment/non- acceptance, the collecting bank must send the bill to a notary public who will represent it to the drawee on the same

42、day it was refused, or the next business day. If the drawee still refuses the bill the notary public notes on the bill: the amount of his charges, the date and his initials. The reason for refusal is shown on a note attached to the bill. The bill is then protested - see Protest.O 返回Openern. （信用证）申请人

43、，开证人See Applicant.Opening Bank 开证行See Issuing Bank.Order (To) 抬头人，指定收货人The phrase To Order is sometimes shown on Bills of Lading against consignee: this means that the Bill of Lading must be endorsed in blank by the shipper (i.e. not to any particular named party which makes it bearer document and i

44、t becomes transferable by delivery.) P 返回Packing Credit 打包放款A loan given to the beneficiary by the bank to enable him to purchase raw materials. The beneficiary is usually requested to deposit the DC with the bank as security.Past Due 过期的，逾期的Bill or loan that has not been paid on the maturity date/d

45、ue date.Paying Bank 付款行The bank that makes payment to the beneficiary of a payment DC after presentation to it of documents stipulated in the DC.Perils of the Seas 海险，海难They are accidents or casualties of the sea. The ordinary actions of the winds and waves are not included. Heavy or tempestuous wea

46、ther on a voyage is of sufficient violence to constitute a peril of the sea.Power of Attorney 委托书，代理证书Authority given to one party to act for another.Presentation n. 提示，（单据的）交兑，（信用证的）议付，Act of requesting the importer payment/acceptance of an import bill. - See Handling Import Collections.Presenting

47、Bank 提示行The bank that requests payment of a collection bill - may be the Collecting Bank or its nominated branch or local correspondent, which is better placed to contact the importer.Principal a. n. 主要的，本金的，委托人，本金The exporter in collection transactions, being the initiator of the transaction, whose

48、 instructions are followed at all stages (may be used to refer to any customer who initiates a transaction e.g. the opener of a DC).Promissory Note 本票A signed statement containing a written promise to pay a stated sum to specified person at a specified date or on demand.Protest n. 拒绝承兑，拒付证书The forma

49、l representation of a dishonoured bill of exchange: the bill is presented by a notary public to the drawee - if refused again, it is noted?- see noting. The notary public then issues a formal protest, an official certificate that the bill has been refused: the drawer can use this certificate to sue

50、the drawee in court.R 返回Recourse n. 追索权，要求偿还权The right to claim a refund from another party which has handled a bill at an earlier stage.Red Clause Credit 红条款信用证A credit with a clause which authorises the advising bank to make an advance payment to the beneficiary - see special DCs.Reimbursing Bank

51、偿付银行，清算银行The bank nominated by the DC issuing bank that will pay the value of the DC to the negotiating/paying bank.Remitting Bank 汇款银行，委托代收银行，（信用证）寄单银行The exporters bank in collection transactions, which remits the bill to the collecting bank.The exporters bank in DC transactions, which dispatches

52、the documents to the issuing bank.Retirement n. 赎票The act of paying or settling an outstanding bill or import loan; i.e. payment by the importer to the Bank.Revocable Credit 可撤销信用证One that may be amended or cancelled without notice to the beneficiary.Revolving Credit 循环信用证A credit automatically rein

53、stated after each drawing or upon receipt of authorisation from DC issuing bank, with limits as to the duration of the facility and as to the (cumulative or non-cumulative) amount involved for each drawing - see Special DCs. S 返回Schedule （附属）明细表The Remitting/Negotiating Banks letter covering a bill

54、sent to the Collecting/Issuing Bank, which lists the documents attached and gives collection and/or payment instructions.Self-Liquidating 自动清偿A transaction is said to be self-liquidating when there is a known source of funds available for its settlement on due date.Shipment Date 装船日期The date inserte

55、d on the bills of lading evidencing goods received on board is regarded for documentary credit purposes as being the date of shipment.Shipper n. 货主，装货人，托运人，发货人，出口商See consignorShipping Guarantee (SG) 货物保赔书Guarantees of this nature are required to enable customers to obtain goods before the arrival o

56、f the documents of title, and are issued to the shipping companies by the Bank against an undertaking to forward the bills of lading when they are received. The Bank normally take 100% cash margin against the value of the goods if the customer does not have T/R facility.Shipping Terms 运输条款See IncotermsSight n. 即期A bill payable at sight is payable on presentation to the drawee i.e. on demand.Snags n.