【高三英语】高考英语完形填空和阅读理解的技巧及强化训练

1、【冲刺高考】高考英语完形填空和阅读理解的技巧及强化训练第一部分：高考英语完形填空的技巧及强化训练(P1-15)一、设计思路和命题特点了解高考完形填空题的设计思路和命题特点对考生顺利解题有着重要的指导意义。现行的全国统一考试英语科说明对做完形填空题的要求是“从所给的选项中选出最佳答案，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整这个要求反映了该题型的主要优点在于它能够多层次、全方位地考查学生综合运用语言知识的水平。因此，这一题型涉及的知识面广，综合性强，覆盖面大，它不仅能真实反映出考生的语言知识水平，而且还能反映出考生的理解能力、逻辑推理能力以及综合运用语言、驾驭语言知识的能力。高考完形填空题一般

2、具有如下设计思路和命题特点：1、对逻辑意义理解能力的考查纵观近几年的高考完形填空题，不难发现完形填空题对上下文语境理解的考查题几乎占 整个题型的一半，这足以说明此类题在完形填空题中所占的比重之大。例：It was an early morning in summer. In the streets, sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their 1. This was the beginning of another 2 day inNew York City. 3 this day was to be differ

3、ent.()1.A. jobsB.homesC.usesD. offices()2.A. workingB.hotC.sameD. ordinary()3.A. AndB.SoC.ButD. Thus2、对常用习语搭配和惯用法的考查这些重要的短语也是放在短文的语境中去考查，而不是简单的记忆考查。例 1: Scientists are doing a research 1 her.()1. A. for B. by C. to D. on例 2： When she wants to be picked1 , Washoe points up with one finger.()1. A. out

4、 B. at C. on D. up3、对句式结构或句型的考查特别是考查对复杂的句式结构的分析理解，是备受命题人青睐的。例 1: Waiting 1 the crowded streets, on top of a 2110 stories high, wasstand 3. The food was still too high to be reached.()1. A. pull)2. A. problemB. seeB. positionC. eatC. foodD. reachD. ceiling()3. A. byB. onC. upD. withPhilippe.()1. A. f

5、orB. inC. byD. above()2. A. roofB. position C. wallD. building例 2： It was too high to1. After she considered the2, she got a tall box to4、对词汇的意义与用法的考查有些小题，仅读懂了全文还不能确定答案，还要准确掌握词汇的意义和熟练掌握词汇的用法。尤其是词汇的意义，对其内涵、外延、褒贬、修辞色彩等都要有所了解和积累，要善于在具体的语境中分辨词汇的具体意义，切忌望文生义。例 1： She went from room to room, checking, and

6、found her camera and spare watch 1.()1. A. losing B. missing C. leaving D. disappearing例 2： Washoe found a 1 pole. Then she climbed onto the 2; grasped thepole, and 3 down the food with the pole.()1. A. straightB. strongC. longD. big()2. A. wallB. boxC. ceilingD. pole()3. A. knockedB. shockC. tookD.

7、 picked5、对通篇理解、全方位思考问题能力的考查这主要包括两个方面：有时候根据小题本身不能确定答案，似乎几个选项都正确。其实，正确的答案在上文已 有信息提示。例：1 was heard outside as the 2 fell to the floor and the hand was pulledback.( )1. A. A sad voice B. A strange noise C. A warning shout D. A sharp cry( )2. A. keyB. kettleC. door-lockD. wire还有一些题目需要根据下文的暗示才能确定答案。这种暗示有时

8、是直接的，即直接出现正确选项的单词；有时是间接地，考生要根据内容来推断正确的答案。例 1 ： This daring Frenchman was about to World Trade Center.()1. A. throw B. walk例 2： Once she was put in a 1()1. A. cave B. zoo1 a tight rope between the two towers of theC. climb D. fixwith food hanging from the ceiling.C. roomD. museum2、 答题技巧完形填空的体裁多是夹叙夹议的

9、文章，题材则是以生活哲理、启迪励志的内容为主，也有时是社会问题。在通读时，首先要看懂短文的第一句。此句常是该段，甚至是该文的主题句，点出了全文的主题，对准确理解全篇有举足轻重的作用。一般来说，此句是没有空格的完整句子，不会被考生误解。在通读全文的过程中，可跳过空格，不必太注意细节，明白文 章的大意即可。此外，还应抓住文章的脉络，掌握了文章的脉络也就清楚了作者的思路，对理清上下文之间的关系及解题大有帮助。另外，还可以借助文章中出现的特殊词来理解作者的观点和思路。比如，连接上下文，使前后句连贯通顺的连词、副词及某些词组，往往可以帮助判断句子之间句子各成分之间的 逻辑关系。这类词有表并歹U的and,

10、 or 等， 表递进的 moreover, besides, furthermore, what ismore, in addition, as well as 等， 表转折的 but, yet, however, otherwise, nevertheless 等。1、上下求索-寻信息前面空格的提示很可能在文章的后半部分出现，后面空格的提示也有可能在前面出现。充分利用上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句，这些词可能是同义词或反义词。例 1: Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very.

11、A. deepB. highC. coldD. dangerous例 2： Mrs. O ' Neill asked questions and she didn ' t scold us either.A. noB. certain C. many D. more2、左顾右盼-找搭配答题时注意力不能只集中在一个句子上，一定要左顾右盼，要多从内容上考虑问题，完形填空几乎没有一道题是死考语法规则的。例：Here' s a fellow who just walkedinto a bank and helped himself so much money.A. forB.

12、byC. toD. of3、思前想后-通全文选择答案时，一定要考虑到此选项不但使所填处句子意思正确，而且要让整个句子在全 文中讲得通。例：It has been many years since I was last in London,I still remember somethingthat happened during that visit.A. andB. forC. butD. as4、务实基础，辨别差异注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的答案。例： Soon I heard a like that of a d

13、oor burst in and then a climb of feet.A. soundB. cryC. voiceD. shout5、看清执行者，确定所选词有时句子看似说得通，但如果忽略主动语态和被动语态，则容易选错答案。例： And video cameras can be used to people ' s actions at home.A. keepB. make C. recordD. watch6、了解生活常识，确定正确选项命题人出某些题目的意图就是考查学生的生活常识，这就要求学生不要两耳不闻窗外事”。例：Immediately the offices jumped

14、 into their cars and rushed to the hospital.()A. animalB. biggestC. plant D. nearest3、 干扰项的设置在完形填空中，命题人总会设置一些干扰项，这是令广大考生感到头疼的事情。要想正 确把握解题思路，就得了解干扰项的设置规律并有效地排除它们。1、设置信息干扰在完形填空里，命题人会设置多方面的信息，有的与所填的空格有直接关系，有的有间接关系，有的可能没有关系，属于干扰信息。例： Unlike math or science, ignorance of history cannot be 1 connected to

15、loss of international 2.(community) . But it does affect our future 3 (as) a democratic nation and as individuals.()1. A. exclusively B. practicallyC. shortlyD. directly2、设置语法干扰在完形填空中，也有考查语法运用的选项(虽然数量很少)，因此考生要充分利用平时所学的词汇知识分析单词(组)的使用范围，动词的及物、不及物以及句子结构、句式特点等 知识，全面衡量所有选项，排除干扰。例： When Ed first phoned an

16、d 1 we play, I laughed quiet ly ()A. declared B. mentioned C. persuade D. suggested3、设置习惯用法和词语辨析干扰完形填空对词汇知识的考查主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面。习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态，即所谓的匀语”，不能随意改动。在众多习语中，介词扮演着最活跃的角色，其次是副词。所以，我们平时应掌握好习惯用法。词义辨析题有增加的趋势。要做好这类题，就得有较大的词汇量和较强的词语搭配能力、词语辨析能力，特别是在特定的语境中灵活运用它们的能力。例：The lecture on smoking w

17、as over at last. As we were rushing towards the playground, Jim slipped by the table. The watch, which Mrs. Smith had 1 (laid) on the table as she started her lecture, disappeared.We were 2 to go back for class again when the headmaster called us 3 (together) and said,"I' ve got a little(jo

18、b) for you boys ”()2. A. aboutB. ableC. sorryD. sure4、设置语篇标志干扰语篇一般指比句子长的语言单位，如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词语被称为语篇标志”。如表示结构层次的语篇标志语有：secondly, thirdly, finally 等；表示逻辑关系的有： thus, therefore, so等；表示改变话题的有： by the way 等； 表示递进关系的有： besides, what ' s more, furthermore 表示时间关系的有： before, sofar, yet,

19、 meanwhile, later等。在做完形填空题时，如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以 迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。7例：1 the daily cycle of sleeping and 2 (waking), we also have other cycles which3 (last) longer than one day.()1. A. WithB. As well as C. Except D. Rather than5、设置文化背景和生活常识干扰高中英语教学大纲中规定努力使学生在英语学习过程中，增进对于国外文化，特别 是英语国家文化和社会风俗习惯的了解完形填空题的

20、基础形式是独立的语篇，它以自身的 内容提供完整的语篇信息，但其中有时交织着、渗透着相关的常识和知识，如文化、风俗习惯、科学知识等。在做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以 运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会简化分析与判断的过程。例： When the papers were 1, she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the samemistakes throughout the test.()A. examined B. completely C. markedD. answered6、设置上下文线索干扰例

21、： The 1 (story) of the snowman has been around for 2. Climbers in the 1920sreported finding marks like those of human feet high up on the side of M ount Everest Over the years, the story of the Yetis has 3 (continued). In 1951, Eric Shipton took photograghs of a set of tracks in the snow of Everest(

22、)2. A. centuries B. too long C. some time D. many years7、设置思维定势干扰例：It isn' really true that he was too 1 (lazy) to work - in fact he had tried a few 2 (jobs). First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to 3 at least 6 windows.()2. A. rubB. drop C. breakD. clean8、设置作者对人

23、物或事情的褒贬性干扰第一遍通读时，应在掌握文章大意，弄清作者思路的基础上，着重寻找反映语境褒贬性 的标志性词语或句子，这些标志性词汇或句子往往对文章的语境褒贬性起着决定性的作用。例 1: When Ed first phoned and 1 (suggested) we play, I laughed quietly, figuring on an2 (easy) victory. After all, Ed' s 3dea ofexercise) has always been nothingmore 4 (effort-making) than lifting a fork to

24、his mouth. 5 (As long as) I can remember, Ed ' s been the least physically fit member in the family, and 6 proud of himself. His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers.()6. A. strangely B. personally C. reasonably D. eagerly例 2： I was so surprised that I was 1. My

25、cousin must have made an effort to get himselfinto shape. 2.(As a result), at the point in our game when I' d have predicted the score to be about 9 to 1 in myfavor, it was 3.(instead) 7 to 9 - and Ed was 4 (leading).()1. A. nervous B. curious C. careless D. speechless完形填空强化训练1Mrs. Jones was ove

26、r eighty, but she still drove her old car like a woman half her age. She loved driving very fast, and was proud of the fact 1 she had never, in her thirty-five years of driving, been punished 2 a driving offence (犯规，犯法 ).Then one day she nearly 3 her record. A police car 4 her, and the policemen in

27、it saw her 5 a red light without stopping. Of course, she was stopped. It seemed 6 that she would be punished.7 Mrs. Jones came up to the judge, he looked at her seriously and said that she was 8 old to drive a car, and that the 9 why she had not stopped at the red 10 was most probably that her eyes

28、 had become weak 11 old age, so that she had simply not seen it.When the judge had finished what he was 12, Mrs. Jones opened the big handbag she was 13 and took out her sewing. Without saying a word, she 14 a needle with a very small eye, and threaded it at her first attempt.When she had 15 done th

29、is, she took the thread out of the needle again and handed 16 the needle and the thread to the judge, saying,17.N (swpipissyouryou drive a car, and that you are qui te sure about your own eyesight.”The judge took the 18 and tried to thread it. After half a dozen tries, he had still not succeeded. Th

30、e case 案例)against Mrs. Jones was_19, and her record 20 unbroken.()1. A. whichB. whenC. thatD. this()2. A. aboutB. onC. toD. for()3. A. keptB. wonC. missedD. lost()4. A. watchedB. afterC. followedD. ran after()5. A. passB. goC. runD. rush【冲刺高考】高考英语完形填空和阅读理解的技巧及强化训练()6. A. sure)7. A. BeforeB. indeedB.

31、 WhileC. certainC. UntilD. perhapsD. When()8. A. soB. veryC. tooD. quite()9. A. causeB. reasonC. matterD. trouble()10. A. lightB. lampC. signD. one()11. A. withB. becauseC. forD. of()12. A. speakingB. sayingC. talkingD. telling()13. A. holdingB. gettingC. carryingD. bringing()14. A. tookB. broughtC.

32、 pickedD. chose()15. A. almostB. hardlyC. successfullyD. successful()16. A. bothB. allC. neitherD. either()17. A. timeB. turnC. chanceD. job()18. A. threadB. glassesC. needlesD. needle()19. A. dismissedB. passedC. settledD. studied()20. A. wasB. keptC. seemedD. remained2When Dave was eighteen, he bo

33、ught a secondhand car for 200 so that he could travel to and from work more1 than by bus. It worked quite well for a few years, but then it got so old, and it was costing him 2much in repairs that he decided that he had better 3 it.He asked among his friends to see if anyone was particularly 4 to bu

34、y a cheap car, but they all knew that it was falling to pieces, so 5 of them had any desire to buy it. Dave's friend Sam saw that he was 6 when they met one evening, and said, “ What's7 , Dave? ”Dave told him, and Sam answered,haWbkojwadvertising it in the paper? You may8_ more for it that w

35、ay than the cost of the advertisement!” Jhinkinwsthat Sam'ssensible(合理的),he put an advertisement in an evening paper, which read“ For sale: small car,10_ very little pet rol, only two owners. Bargain at 50.”For two days after the advertisement first appeared, there was no 11 . But then onSaturda

36、y evening he had an enquiry(询问).A man rang up and said he would like to _12 him about the car. " All right, " Engveappiy, fee asked the man whether ten o'clock the next morning would be 13 or not. " Fine, " the man said, 14 " andylwife. We intend to go for a ride in it t

37、o 15 it.”The next morning, at a quarter to ten, Dave parked the car in the square outside his front 8【冲刺高考】高考英语完形填空和阅读理解的技巧及强化训练door, 16 to wait there for the people who had 17 his advertisement. Even Dave had to 18 that the car really looked like a wreck ( 残骸).Then, soon after he had got the car as

38、 clean 19 it could be, a police car stopped just behind him and a policeman got out. He looked at Dave's car and then said,“ Have you reportedtohiss yet, sir? ”()1. A. directly2. A. soB. safelyB.suchC. properlyC. veryD. easilyD. too()3. A. keepB. repairC. sellD. throw()4. A. anxiousB. luckyC. as

39、hamedD. generous()5. A. someB. neitherC. noneD. most()6. A. delightedB. upsetC. calmD. astonished()7. A. onB. upC. itD. that()8. A. learnB. missC. getD. find()9. A. messageB. adviceC. requestD. description()10. A. usesB. losesC. hasD. spends()11. A. doubtB. helpC. troubleD. answer()12. A. tellB. see

40、C. agreeD. call()13. A. exactB. suitableC. earlyD.late()14. A. followB. meetC. bringD. introduce()15. A. recognizeB. gainC. admireD. test()16. A. happeningB. meaningC. turningD. failing()17. A. readB. insertedC. answeredD. placed()18. A. forgetB. showC. disagreeD. admit()19. A. asB. thatC. soD. such

41、()20. A. bargainB. saleC. accidentD. result3The word “ plastic" comes from the Greek word“Platicoswhich can be easily shaped.“ and_is1used to describeThe history of plastics is longer than you might 2 .In fact 3 man-made plasticsever to appear on the market was made over a hundred years ago. It

42、 was called（赛璐“celluloid璐)”.It was discovered by both an Englishman and an American in the same year. 4 it was the Americans who first produced it on a large scale during the year 1860.Everybody was 5 by this new material which could be moulded ( 用模子做)into shapes and 6 so cheap to buy.Poor young men

43、 7 in cities with lots of smoke and dirt were 8 to buy white celluloid collars ( 领子).The collars were hard and uncomfortable. But they did not have to be sent to wash. The poor young men 9 .rub them clean every evening with soap and water! Poor mothers,10 had not been able to afford playthings 11 th

44、eir children, were now able to buy them playthings12 of celluloid. But celluloid had one very serious fault. It caught fire very easily. In fact it burned even more quickly than wood or cloth. There were many terrible accidents, particularly 13 children. For years scientists worked hard to find a be

45、tter plastic material than celluloid. They had 14 success. Then in 1932 an American scientist called Baekeland produced a hard plastic material which did not burn. 15 became known 16. bakelite (酚醛塑料).Other plastic materials like bakelite were 17 produced. They 18 to make electrical fittings and plat

46、es and cups. Poor people liked them because they were both cheap and safe, but rich people 19 . them because they were cheap, and because they could only be made 20 dark colours.()1. A. somethingB. everythingC. thingD. anything()2. A. wishB. thinkC. wantD. hope()3. A. firstB. at firstC. for the firs

47、tD. the first()4. A. SoB. ButC. AndD. As()5. A. surprisedB. excitedC. toldD. frightened()6. A. beB. wereC. wasD. is()7. A. waitingB. runningC. walkingD. working()8. A. goingB. sureC.aboutD. able()9. A. couldB. ought toC. mustD. should()10. A. whichB. whoC. whomD. that()11. A. forB. likeC. inD. of()1

48、2. A. doneB. producedC. workedD. made()13. A. betweenB. onC. amongD. about()14. A. muchB. great.C. neverD. little()15. A. The manB. HeC. ItD. The scientist()16. A. asB. withC. byD. to()17. A. alreadyB. stillC. alsoD. yet()18. A. usedB.hopedC. were usedD. had()19. A. took B. lovedC. enjoyed D. dislik

49、ed()20. A. inB. byC. fromD. of4In order to be a success in the American business world, you must“ get along " with peoYou must learn to conduct yourself in such a way 1 you earn the affection and respect of others. 2 we have already pointed out, Americans 3 business and pleasure. Therefore, lea

50、rning how to 4 informally can be a help with your American business 一 5. Americans like to talk about a 6 of different topics sports, politics, cars, popular movies and television shows and personal interests. Many large American cities have sports teams. If you are 7 with Americans in the United St

51、ates, it would be a good idea to 8 out about the local sports teams so that you can 9 in the almost inevitable discussions about “ how our 10 will do this year ” .Politics can bea topic unless everyone is of the same mind12 . Limit your discussions to asking questions of your friends. MostAmericans

52、are 13 owners and some are even obsessive about the subject. You can contribute 14 talking about cars you have owned or by 15 information you have read in automotive magazines. Americans watch television almost every night and attend movies regularly,16 naturally television shows and the 17 movies b

53、ecome topics for discussions. If you are unable to 18 American television or attend American movies, reading the _ 19 section of such magazines as Time News week will keep you up to date on 20 is popular in America.()1. A. whichB. whereC. asD .that()2. A. WhileB. SinceC. AsD. Because()3. A. mixB. en

54、joyC. likeD. manage()4. A. conductB. appearC. behaveD. chat()5. A. friendsB. effortsC. contactsD. companies()6. A. bitB. totalC. groupD. number()7. A. meetingB. workingC. livingD. playing()8. A. findB. learnC. goD. stay()9. A. workB. participateC.succeedD. break()10. A. groupB. businessC. companyD.

55、team()11. A. commonB. sensitiveC. special.D daily()12. A. politicallyB. economicallyC. professionallyD. personally()13. A. houseB. carC. businessD. land()14. A. toB. towardC. byD. through()15. A. collectingB. sharingC. gatheringD. analyzing()16. A. soB. thereforeC. thusD. hence()17. A. interestingB. excitingC. excellentD. latest()18. A. witnessB. lookC. watchD. glance()19. A. entertainment B. sportsC. businessD. movie()20. A. w