机械工程材料词汇

1、Vocabularies in Material Science and EngineeringMechanical properties机械（力学）性质Yield strength屈服强度stiffness刚性hardness硬度toughness韧性Fatigue strength疲劳强度Creep strength蠕变强度resistivity电阻率conductivity传导率resistance电阻Magnetic properties磁属性Thermal properties热属性Heat capacity热容Optical properties光学属性transparency透明

2、度Abrasion and wear摩擦及磨损Corrosion and solvent resistance抗腐蚀及抗溶剂Aesthetic properties美观性annealing退火quenching淬火duralumin硬铝celluloid赛璐珞polyethylene聚乙烯Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)聚氯乙烯Mild steel低碳钢Stainless steel 不锈钢polymer聚合物（高分子材料）thermoplastics热塑性thermosets热固性elastomers弹性reversible可逆的electron电子proton质子nucle

3、us原子核neutron中子Electrovalent (ionic)bond离子键Covalent bond共价键methane甲烷Intermolecular forces分子间结合力Van der Waals forces范德华力polymorphsim同素异构allotropy同素异构graphite石墨hexagon六边形pentagon五边形Geodesic dome网格穹顶fullerene富勒烯Buckyball巴克球Tension拉应力compression压应力stress应力strain应变Tensile strength抗拉强度Compressive strength抗

4、压强度Shearing strength剪切强度Torsional strength扭转强度stiffness刚性Modulus of elasticity弹性模量ductility延展性Percentage elongation断后伸长率Nickel 镍magnesium镁titanium钛zinc锌copper铜malleability可锻性forging锻制rolling轧制toughness韧性Impact test冲击测试Cross sectional area横截面积semiconductor半导体durability耐久性aluminium铝Force-extension dia

5、gram力-伸长曲线图Progressive yield渐进屈服Elastic limit弹性极限Limit of proportionality比例极限Yield point屈服点Proof stress条件屈服应力percentage reduction in area断面收缩率The shore scleroscope肖氏回跳计pendulum钟摆Ball-bearing球轴承Alternations of stress交变应力Fatigue limit疲劳极限Latent heat潜热Shrinkage cavities缩孔Body-centred cubic体心立方Face-cent

6、red cubic面心立方Close-packed hexagonal密排六方chromium铬tungsten钨molybdenum钼lead铅cadmium镉beryllium铍Dendritic solidification树枝状结晶segregation偏析Modification treatment变质处理Additional vibration附加振动Chill crystals表面细晶区Columnar crystals柱状晶区Equi-axed crystals等轴晶区solution溶液solute溶质solvent溶剂insoluble不能溶解的Depression of

7、freezing-point凝固点下降Melting-point熔点eutectics共晶bismuth铋Solid solution固溶体Corning segregation晶内偏析Dendritic segregatopm枝晶偏析Substitutional solid solution置换固溶体Interstitial solid solution间隙固溶体diffusion扩散Vacancies空位Interstitial atoms间隙原子Edge dislocation 刃形位错Screw dislocation 螺形位错grain boundary 晶界Sub-grain bo

8、undary 亚晶界distortion扭曲dislocation位错Solid solution strengthening固溶强化Dispersion strengthening弥散强化phase相Binary alloy二元合金equilibrium diagram平衡相图Grain refiment晶粒细化Recrystallization process再结晶过程Phase boundary相界限liquids液相线solidus固相线uniform grain equilibrium diagram匀晶相图Eutectic equilibrium diagram共晶相图Perite

9、ctic equilibrium diagram包晶相图lever rule杠杆定律phase region相组分microstructure组织eutectoid equilibrium diagram共析相图Diffusion annealing均匀化退火Eutectic line共晶线solvus固溶线Solubility curve溶解度曲线Eutectic transformation共晶转变Secondary 次生Eutectic alloy共晶合金Hypo-eutectic alloy亚共晶合金Hyper-eutectic alloy过共晶合金Pro-eutectic phase

10、先共晶相Primary crystals初晶Microstructure region组织组分ferrite铁素体austentite奥氏体cementite渗碳体Ledeburite莱氏体Secondary cementite二次渗碳体Primary cementite一次渗碳体Tertiary cementite三次渗碳体pearlite珠光体Transformed ledeburite变态莱氏体Eutectoid steel共析刚Hypo-eutectoid steel亚共析刚Hyper-eutectoid steel过共析刚White cast iron白口铸铁Normal heat

11、treatment普通热处理annealing退火normalizing正火quenching淬火tempering回火Surface hardening表面淬火Induced surface hardening感应加热表面淬火Surface hardening by flame heating火焰加热淬火Surface hardening by laser heating激光加热淬火Chemical heat treatment化学热处理carburization渗碳nitriding渗氮carbonitriding碳氮共渗heating加热holding保温cooling冷却Transfo

12、rmation temperature相变点austenizing奥氏体化Retained sustenite残余奥氏体Homogenization of austenite奥氏体均匀化Partially austenitic不完全奥氏体Fully austenitic完全奥氏体Grain size晶粒度Heating rate加热速度Rapid heating快速加热Pre-heat treatment预先热处理Final heat treatment最终热处理Casting or forging铸造或锻造Rough machining机械粗加工finishing精加工casting铸件we

13、ldment焊接件Vessel and cabinet容器和箱体workpiece工件Residual stress残余应力Full anealing完全退火Meshy secondary cementite网状二次渗碳体Isothermal annealing等温退火Spheroidization annealing球化退火Layered pearlite 层状珠光体Secondary cementite network二次渗碳体网Diffusion annealing均匀化退火Relief annealing去应力退火Pseudo-eutectoid structure伪共析组织Cooli

14、ng medium冷却介质Saline alkali solution盐、碱溶液Step quenching分级淬火法Austempering等温淬火法Part quenching局部淬火法Martensitebainite马氏体贝氏体carbide碳化物Low temperature tempering低温回火Average temperature tempering中温回火Tempered troosite回火托氏体Nodular troosite团状托氏体Sorbite索氏体Temper brittleness回火脆性penetration淬透性hardenability淬硬性Power

15、 freqency工频Supersonic frequency超音频Cryptocrystalline martensite隐晶马氏体decomposition分解absorption吸收diffusion扩散Constructional steel结构钢Carbon structural steel碳素结构钢High strength low alloy structural steel低合金高强度结构钢High quality carbon structural steel优质碳素结构钢Spring steel弹簧钢Roller bearing steel滚动轴承钢Tool steel工具

16、钢Cutlery steel刃具刚Die steel 模具钢Gauge steel量具刚Special steel特种钢Stainless steel不锈钢Heat resistant steel耐热钢Wear resistant steel耐磨钢Plain carbon steel普通质量刚Quality steel 优质钢High grade quality steel高级优质钢Carbon steel碳素钢Mild steel 低碳钢Medium carbon steel中碳钢manganese锰silicon硅sulphor硫phosphor磷Carburized steel渗碳用钢T

17、hermal refined steel调质用钢材料科学Material Science材料科学定义Material Science Definition加工性能Machinability强度Strength抗腐蚀及耐用Corrosion & resistance durability金属特性Special metallic features抗敏感及环境保护Allergic, re-cycling & environmental protection化学元素Chemical element元素的原子序数Atom of Elements原子及固体物质Atom and solid material

18、原子的组成、大小、体积和单位图表The size, mass, charge of an atom, and is particles (Pronton,Nentron and Electron)原子的组织图Atom Constitutes周期表Periodic Table原子键结Atom Bonding金属与合金 Metal and Alloy铁及非铁金属Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal金属的特性Features of Metal晶体结构 Crystal Pattern晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格Crystal structure, Space lattice & Un

19、it cellX线结晶分析法X - ray crystal analyics method金属结晶格子 Metal space lattice格子常数 Lattice constant米勒指数 Mills Index金相及相律 Metal Phase and Phase Rule固熔体 Solid solution置换型固熔体 Substitutional type solid solution插入型固熔体 Interstital solid solution金属间化物 Intermetallic compound金属变态Transformation变态点Transformation Poin

20、t磁性变态Magnetic Transformation同素变态Allotropic Transformation合金平衡状态Thermal Equilibrium相律Phase Rule自由度Degree of freedom临界温度Critical temperture共晶Eutectic包晶温度 Peritectic Temperature包晶反应 Peritectic Reaction包晶合金 Peritectic Alloy亚共晶体 Hypoeutetic Alloy过共晶体 Hyper-ectectic Alloy金属的相融、相融温度、晶体反应及合金在共晶合金、固熔孻共晶合金及偏晶

21、反应的比较Equilibrium Comparision金属塑性 Plastic Deformation滑动面 Slip Plan畸变 Distortion硬化 Work Hardening退火 Annealing回复柔软 Crystal Recovery再结晶 Recrystallization金属材料的性能及试验Properties & testing of metal化学性能Chemical Properties物理性能Physical Properties颜色Colour磁性Magnetisum比电阻Specific resistivity & specific resistance比

22、重Specific gravity & specific density比热Specific Heat热膨胀系数Coefficient of thermal expansion导热度Heat conductivity机械性能 Mechanical properties屈服强度(降伏强度) (Yield strangth)弹性限度、阳氏弹性系数及屈服点elastic limit, Yeungs module of elasticity to yield point伸长度Elongation断面缩率Reduction of area金属材料的试验方法The Method of Metal insp

23、ection不破坏检验Non - destructive inspections渗透探伤法Penetrate inspection磁粉探伤法Magnetic particle inspection放射线探伤法Radiographic inspection超声波探伤法Ultrasonic inspection显微观察法Microscopic inspection破坏的检验Destructive Inspection冲击测试Impact Test疲劳测试Fatigue Test潜变测试 Creep Test潜变强度Creeps Strength第壹潜变期Primary Creep第二潜变期Seco

24、ndary Creep第三潜变期ertiary Creep主要金属元素之物理性质Physical properties of major Metal Elements工业标准及规格 - 铁及非铁金属Industrial Standard - Ferrous & Non - ferrous Metal磁力 Magnetic简介 General软磁 Soft Magnetic硬磁 Hard Magnetic磁场 Magnetic Field磁性感应 Magnetic Induction透磁度 Magnetic Permeability磁化率 Magnetic Susceptibility (Xm)

25、磁力(Magnetic Force)及磁场(Magnetic Field)是因物料里的电子(Electron)活动而产生抗磁体、顺磁体、铁磁体、反铁磁体及亚铁磁体Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetism,Antiferromagnetism & Ferrimagnetism抗磁体 Diamagnetism磁偶极子 Dipole负磁力效应 Negative effect顺磁体 Paramagnetic正磁化率 Positive magnetic susceptibility铁磁体 Ferromagnetism转变元素 Transition elemen

26、t交换能量 Positive energy exchange外价电子 Outer valence electrons化学结合 Chemical bond自发上磁 Spontaneous magnetization磁畴 Magnetic domain相反旋转 Opposite span比较抗磁体、顺磁体及铁磁体Comparison of Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic & Ferromagnetism反铁磁体 Antiferromagnetism亚铁磁体 Ferrimagnetism磁矩 magnetic moment净磁矩 Net magnetic moment钢铁的主要

27、成份The major element of steel钢铁用碳之含量来分类Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents铁相Steel Phases钢铁的名称Name of steel纯铁体Ferrite渗碳体Cementitle奥氏体 Austenite珠光体及共析钢Pearlite &Eutectoid奥氏体碳钢Austenite Carbon Steel单相金属Single Phase Metal共析变态Eutectoid Transformation珠光体 Pearlite亚铁释体Hyppo-Eutectoid初释纯铁体 Pr

28、o-entectoid ferrite过共释钢 Hype-eutectoid珠光体Pearlite粗珠光体 Coarse pearlite中珠光体 Medium pearlite幼珠光体 Fine pearlite磁性变态点 Magnetic Transformation钢铁的制造Manufacturing of Steel连续铸造法 Continuous casting process电炉 Electric furnace均热炉 Soaking pit全静钢 Killed steel半静钢 Semi-killed steel沸腾钢(未净钢) Rimmed steel钢铁生产流程 Steel

29、Production Flow Chart钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel熔铸 Casting锻造 Fogging挤压 Extrusion延轧 Rolling冲剪 Drawing & stamping特殊钢 Special Steel简介 General特殊钢以原素分类Classification of Special Steel according to Element特殊钢以用途来分类Classification of Special Steel according to End Usage易车(快

30、削)不锈钢Free Cutting Stainless Steel含铅易车钢Leaded Free Cutting Steel含硫易车钢Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel硬化性能Hardenability钢的脆性Brittleness of Steel低温脆性 Cold brittleness回火脆性 Temper brittleness日工标准下的特殊钢材Specail Steel according to JIS Standard铬钢 - 日工标准 JIS G4104Chrome steel to JIS G4104铬钼钢钢材 - 日工标准 G4105 62Chrom

31、e Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105镍铬 - 日工标准 G4102 63Chrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102镍铬钼钢 - 日工标准 G4103 64Nickel, Chrome & Molybdenum Steel to JIS G4103高锰钢铸 - 日工标准High manganese steel to JIS standard片及板材Chapter Four-Strip, Steel & Plate冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)(日工标准 JIS G3141) 73 - 95Cold Rolled (Low carbon) Steel St

32、rip (to JIS G 3141)简介General美材试标准的冷辘低碳钢片Cold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard - American Society for testing and materials (ASTM)日工标准JIS G3141冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)的编号浅释Decoding of cold rolled(Low carbon)steel strip JIS G3141材料的加工性能 Drawing abillity硬度 Hardness表面处理 Surface finish冷辘钢捆片及张片制作流程图表Production fl

33、ow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet冷辘钢捆片及张片的电镀和印刷方法Cold rolled steel coil & sheet electro-plating & painting method冷辘(低碳)钢片的分类用、途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表End usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip硬度及拉力 Hardness & Tensile strength test拉伸测试(顺纹测试)Elongation te

34、st杯突测试(厚度: 0.4公厘至1.6公厘，准确至0.1公厘 3个试片平均数)Erichsen test (Thickness: 0.4mm to 1.6mm, figure round up to 0.1mm)曲面(假曲率)Camber厚度及阔度公差 Tolerance on Thickness & Width平坦度(阔度大于500公厘，标准回火)Flatness (width500mm, temper: standard)弯度 Camber冷辘钢片储存与处理提示General advice on handling & storage of cold rolled steel coil &

35、 sheet防止生锈Rust Protection生锈速度表Speed of rusting焊接 Welding气焊 Gas Welding埋弧焊 Submerged-arc Welding电阻焊 Resistance Welding冷辘钢片(拉力: 30-32公斤/平方米)在没有表面处理状态下的焊接状况Spot welding conditions for bared (free from paint, oxides etc) Cold rolled mild steel sheets(T/S:30-32 Kgf/ m2)时间效应(老化)及拉伸应变Aging & Stretcher Stra

36、ins日工标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢片化学成份Chemical composition - cold rolled steel sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片的理论重量计算方程式Cold Rolled Steel Sheet - Theoretical mass日工标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢片重量列表Mass of Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片订货需知Ordering of cold rolled steel strip/sheet其它日工标准冷轧钢片(用途及编号)JIS standard & application

37、 of other cold Rolled Special Steel电镀锌钢片或电解钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet/Electrolytic Zinc Coated Steel Sheet简介General电解/电镀锌大大增强钢片的防锈能力Galvanic Action improving Weather & Corrosion Resistance of the Base Steel Sheet上漆能力 Paint Adhesion电镀锌钢片的焊接Welding of Electro-galvanized steel sheet点焊Spot welding

38、滚焊Seam welding电镀锌(电解)钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet生产流程Production Flow Chart常用的镀锌钢片(电解片)的基层金属、用途、日工标准、美材标准及一般厚度Base metal, application, JIS & ASTM standard, and Normal thickness of galvanized steel sheet锌镀层质量 Zinc Coating Mass表面处理 Surface Treatment冷轧钢片 Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet/Strip热轧钢片 Hot-Rolled

39、Sheet/Strip电解冷轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Electrolytic Cold-rolled sheet热轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Hot-rolled sheet冷轧或热轧钢片阔度公差Width Tolerance of Cold or Hot-rolled sheet长度公差 Length Tolerance理论质量 Theoretical Mass锌镀层质量(两个相同锌镀层厚度)Mass Calculation of coating (For equal coating)/MM锌镀层质量(两个不同锌镀层厚度)M

40、ass Calculation of coating (For differential coating)/MM镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁) (日工标准 JIS G3303)镀锡薄铁片的构造Construction of Electrolytic Tinplate镀锡薄钢片(白铁皮/马日铁)制造过程Production Process of Electrolytic Tinplate锡层质量Mass of Tin Coating (JIS G3303-1987)两面均等锡层Both Side Equally Coated Mass两面不均等锡层Both Side Different Thick

41、ness Coated Mass级别、电镀方法、镀层质量及常用称号Grade, Plating type, Designation of Coating Mass & Common Coating Mass镀层质量标记Markings & Designations of Differential Coatings硬度 Hardness单相轧压镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁)Single-Reduced Tinplate双相辗压镀锡薄钢片(马口铁/白铁皮)Dual-Reduction Tinplate钢的种类 Type of Steel表面处理 Surface Finish常用尺寸 Commonly

42、 Used Size电器用硅 硅 钢片 Electrical Steel Sheet简介 General软磁材料 Soft Magnetic Material滞后回线 Narrow Hystersis矫顽磁力 Coercive Force硬磁材料 Hard Magnetic Material最大能量积 Maximum Energy Product硅含量对电器用的低碳钢片的最大好处The Advantage of Using Silicon low Carbon Steel晶粒取向(Grain-Oriented)及非晶粒取向(Non-Oriented)Grain Oriented & Non-O

43、riented电器用硅 硅 钢片的最终用途及规格End Usage and Designations of Electrical Steel Strip电器用的硅 硅 钢片之分类Classification of Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use电器用钢片的绝缘涂层Performance of Surface Insulation of Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅钢片主要工业标准International Standard - Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Silicon Stee

44、l Sheet for Electrical Use晶粒取向电器用硅钢片 Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel晶粒取向，定取向芯钢片及高硼定取向芯钢片之磁力性能及夹层系数(日工标准及美材标准)Magnetic Properties and Lamination Factor of SI-ORIENT-CORE& SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI B Electrical Steel Strip (JIS and AISI Standard)退火Annealing电器用钢片用家需自行应力退火原因Annealing of the Electrical Steel She

45、et退火时注意事项 Annealing Precautionary碳污染 Prevent Carbon Contamination热力应先从工件边缘透入Heat from the Laminated Stacks Edges提防过份氧化No Excessive Oxidation应力退火温度Stress -relieving Annealing Temperature晶粒取向电器用硅 硅 钢片 - 高硼(HI-B)定取向芯钢片及定取向芯钢片之机械性能及夹层系数Mechanical Properties and Lamination Factors of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B

46、and SI-ORIENT-CORE Grain Orient Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅 硅 钢;片 - 高硼低硫(LS)定取向 钢片之磁力及电力性能Magnetic and Electrical Properties of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS晶粒取向电器用硅 硅 钢片 - 高硼低硫(LS) 定取向钢片之机械性能及夹层系数Mechanical Properties and Lamination Factors of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS晶粒取向电器用硅(硅)钢片-高硼(HI-B)定取向 芯钢片，定取向芯钢片

47、及高硼低硫(LS)定取向芯钢片之厚度及阔度公差Physical Tolerance of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B, SI-ORIENT-CORE, & SI-CORE-HI-B-LS GrainOriented Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅(硅)钢片 - 高硼(HI-B)定取向 芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫(LS)定取向芯钢片之标准尺寸及包装Standard Forms and Size of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B,SI-CORE, & SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS Grain-Oriented Electr

48、ical Steel Sheets绝缘表面 Surface Insulation非晶粒取向电力用钢片的电力、磁力、机械性能 及夹层系数Lamination Factors of Electrical, Magnetic & Mechanical Non-Grain Oriented Electrical电器及家电外壳用镀层冷辘 低碳 钢片Coated (Low Carbon) Steel Sheets for Casing,Electricals & Home Appliances镀铝硅钢片 Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet简介 General镀铝硅合金

49、钢片的特色Feature of Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet用途End Usages抗化学品能力Chemical Resistance镀铝(硅)钢片 - 日工标准(JIS G3314)Hot-aluminum-coated sheets and coils to JIS G 3314镀铝(硅)钢片 - 美材试标准(ASTM A-463-77)35.7 JIS G3314镀热浸铝片的机械性能Mechanical Properties of JIS G 3314 Hot-Dip Aluminum-coated Sheets and Coils公差 Siz

50、e Tolerance镀铝(硅)钢片及其它种类钢片的抗腐蚀性能比较Comparsion of various resistance of aluminized steel & other kinds of steel镀铝(硅)钢片生产流程Aluminum Steel Sheet, Production Flow Chart焊接能力 Weldability镀铝钢片的焊接状态(比较冷辘钢片)Tips on welding of Aluminized sheet in comparasion with cold rolled steel strip钢板Steel Plate钢板用途分类及各国钢板的工业标准包括日工标准及美材试标准Type of steel Plate & Related JIS, ASTM and Other Major Industrial Standards钢板生产流程Production Flow Chart钢板订货需知Ordering of Steel Plate不锈钢Stainless St