语言学专业词汇中英文对照版

1、语言学术语（英-汉对照）表Aabbreviation缩写词，略语ablative夺格，离格accent重音（符）accusative宾格achievementtest成绩测试acousticphonetics声学语音学acquisition习得acronym缩略语actionprocess动作过程actor动作者addressform称呼形式addressee受话人addresser发话人adjective形容词adjunct修饰成分附加语adverb副词affix词缀affixation词缀附加法affricate塞擦音agreement一致关系airstream气流alliteration

2、头韵allomorph词/语素变体allophone音位变体allophonicvariation音位变体allophony音位变体现象alveolarridge齿昔艮alveolar齿昔艮音ambiguity歧义analogicalcreation类推造字anapest抑抑扬格anaphor前指替代anaphoricreference前指照应animate有生命的annotation注解antecedent先行词前在词anthropologicallinguistics人类语言学anticipatorycoarticulation逆化协同发音antonomasia换称代类名antonym反义

3、词antonymy反义（关系）appellative称谓性appliedlinguistics应用语言学appliedsociolinguistics应用社会语言学appropriacy适宜性appropriateness适宜性得体性approximant无摩擦延续音aptitudetest素质测试Arabic阿拉伯语arbitrariness任意性argument中项中词主目article冠词articulation发音articulator发音器官articulatoryphonetics发音语音学artificialspeech人工言语aspect体aspirated吐气送气assimi

4、lation同化associative联想associativemeaning联想意义assonance准压韵半谐音attributive属性修饰语定语auditoryphonetics听觉语音学authenticinput真实投入authorialstyle权威风格authoringprogram编程autonomy自主性auxiliary助词auxiliaryverb助动词Bbabblingstage婴儿语阶段back-formation逆构词法basecomponent基础部分behaviouralprocess行为过程behaviourism行为主义bilabial双唇音bilabia

5、lnasal双唇鼻音bilateralopposition双边对立bilingualism双语现象binarydivision二分法binaryfeature二分特征binarytaxonomy二分分类学binding制约bindingtheory制约论blade舌叶舌面前部blankverse无韵诗blending混成法borrowing借用借词boundmorpheme粘着语素boundingtheory管辖论bracketing括号法brevitymaxim简洁准则bridging架接broadtranscription宽式音标broadening词义扩大Browncorpus布朗语料库

6、Ccalculability可计算性calque仿造仿造词语cancellability可删除cardinalnumeral基数cardinalvowel基本元音case格casegrammar格语法casetheory格理论category范畴categoricalcomponent范畴成分causative使役的使投动词center中心词centraldeterminer中心限定词chainrelation链状关系chainsystem链状系统choice选择choicesystem选择系统circumstance环境因子class词类classshift词性变换clause小句从句cli

7、ck吸气音咂音clipping截断法closedclass封闭类closedsyllable闭音节cluster音丛coarticulation协同发音coda结尾音节符尾code语码信码cognitivepsychology认知心理学cognitivesystem认知系统coherence相关关联cohension衔接co-hyponym同下义词colligation类连结collocativemeaning搭配意义colorword色彩词colorwordsystem色彩词系统command指令commoncore共核commonnoun普通名词communication交际communi

8、cativecompetence交际能力communicativedynamism,CD交际性动力communicativelanguageteaching,CLT交际语言教学法communicativeSentencePattern,CSP交际性句子模式communicativesyllabus交际教学大纲communicativetest交际性测试communicative-grammaticalapproach交际-语法教学法compactdisk激光盘comparativedegree比较级competence能力complement补语complementaryantonym互补反义

9、词complementaryantonymy互补反义关系complementarydistribution互补分布complexpredicate复合谓语component成分componentialanalysis成分分析compositeproposition复合命题compositionality复合性compound复合词复合句comprehension理解computation计算computationallinguistics计算语言学computationalsystem计算系统computer-assistedlearning,CAL计算机辅助学习computercorpus计

10、算机语料库computerhardware计算机硬件computerliteracy计算机操作能力computernetworks计算机网络computersystem计算机系统computer-assistedinstruction,CAI计算机辅助教学computer-assistedlearning,CALL计算机辅助语言学习conative意动的concept概念conceptualmeaning概念意义concord一致(关系)concordance共现关系concretenoun具体名词concurrent同时发生的conjugation词形变化conjunct连接副词conjun

11、ction连接词conjunctionbuttressing连接词支撑connotation内涵consequent跟随成分consonance辅音韵consonant辅音constantopposition不变对立constative表述的constituentcommand成分指令constituentproposition成分命题constituentstructureanalysis成分结构分析constituent成分construct编制constructvalidity编制效度construction构建constructivism构建主义contentanalysis内容分析c

12、ontentvalidity内容效度contentword实义词contextdependent语境依赖的contextofsituation情景语境context语境contextualanalyses语境分析contextualmeaning语境意义contrastiveanalysis对比分析controltheory控制理论controlledlanguage有控制的语言convention常规规约conventionalmeaning常规意义规约意义conventionality常规性规约性conversationalimplicature会话含义conversationalmaxi

13、m会话准贝Uconverseantonymy相反反义现象conversion变换cooperativeprinciple,CP合作原贝Ucoordinateconstruction并歹U结构coordination并列coreferential互参的coronal舌面前音corpusdata语料库语料corpus(plcorpora)语料素材corpuslinguistics语料库语言学context上下文countable可数(名词)counterfactualproposition反事实命题couplet对句对联creativity创造性原创性Creole克里澳尔语混和语cross-cul

14、turalcommunication跨文化交际cross-linguistic跨语言的culturally-specific文化特异的curriculum教学大纲customizing定制的Ddactyl扬抑抑格Danilanguage达尼语dataretrieval,DR资料检索database数据库dative(case)与格dativemovement与格移动declarative陈述句decoding解码deductive演绎的deepstructure深层结构defeasibility消除可行性definite有定的degeneratedata无用的语料deixis指称delicac

15、y精密阶denotation夕卜延指称dental齿音dentalization齿音化derivation衍生derivationalaffix衍生词汇derivationalmorphology派生形态学descriptiveadequacy描写充分性descriptivelinguistics描写语言学designfeature结构特征determiner限定词developinggrammar发展语法deviant变体deviation偏离变异devoicing清音化diachroniclinguistics历时语言学diachronic历时的diacritic附加符号变音符diagno

16、stictest诊断性测试dialect方言dialectology方言学digitizedsound数字化语音dimetre二音步诗行diphthong二合元音双元音directobject直接宾语directspeech,DS直接言语directthought,DT直接思想directionality方向性discourse语篇话语discourseanalysis语篇分析话语分析discourseinterpretation语篇理解discrete分离的离散的discrete-pointgrammar离散语法discretepointtest分立性测试disjunction分离关系dis

17、placement移位dissimilation异化（作用）distinctivefeature区别性特征distinguisher辩义成分do-insertionruledo添力口规贝Udomain范围领域dorsal舌背音舌中音dorsum舌背（音）doublecomparative双重比较drill-and-practicesoftware操练软件D-structureD结构dual双数dualisticview二分观点duality二重性EearlyModernEnglish早期现代英语economy经济性简洁性ejective爆发音electronicmail电子邮件Elizabet

18、hanEnglish伊利莎白时期英语ellipsis省略（法）ellipticalsentencestructure省略句子结构embeddedelement嵌入成分emic位学的emotive感情的empirical经验主义的empiricaldata经验主义的语料empiricalvalidity经验效度empiricism经验主义emptycategory,EC空范畴enablingskills使成技能化encoding编码endrhyme末端韵endocentricconstruction内向结构entailment蕴涵entrycondition入歹U条件epenthesis插音增音

19、equipollentopposition均等对立equivalence相等equivalencereliability相等信度erroranalysis错误分析EST科技英语ethnicityidentity民族认同ethnographyofcommunication交际民族学etic非位的素的eventprocess事件过程example-basedmachinetranslation基于例句的机器翻译exchangeerror交换错误exchangesequence交际序歹Uexchangestructure交际结构exhaustive穷尽的彻底的existent存在物existenti

20、al存在句existentialprocess存在过程existentialquantifier存在数量词exocentric夕卜向的exocentricconstruction夕卜向结构experiential经验的experientialfunction经验功能experimentalpsycholinguistics实验心理语言学explanatoryadequacy解释充分性explicitgrammarinstruction,EGI明显的语法教学法expressionminimization表达最底程度expressive表达的extendedstandardtheory,EST扩展

21、标准理论extensive引申的扩展的extent-conditionformat程度条件格式externalevaluation外部评估externalqualifier外部修饰语extrinsicsourcesoferror夕卜在的错误来源eyemovement眼音B移动Ffacevalidity卷面效度facilitation便利促进Fasoldfeasibility可行性feature特征feedback反馈felicitycondition适宜性条件恰当条件feminine阴性fiction小说figurativelanguage比喻性语言象征性语言figuresofspeech修辞

22、手段修辞格finiteelement有定成分finite有定的有限的finitestategrammar有限状态语法first-personnarrator第一人称叙述者Firthianphonology弗斯音系学flap闪音flexibility灵活性变通性floppydisk软盘focus焦点中心folketymology俗词源学民间词源foregroundedfeatures突出特征foregrounding突出前景话foreignlanguageteaching外语教学form形式formaldifference形式差异formalization形式化formation形成format

23、ive构形成分构词成分freeform自由形式freeindirectspeech,FIS自由间接言语freeindirectthought,FIT自由间接思想freemorpheme自由语素freerootmorpheme自由词根语素freevariant自由变体freeverse自由韵文French法语frequencyeffect频率效应fricative（摩）擦音friction摩擦front舌面前舌前的fullyautomatichighqualitytranslation,FAHQT全自动高质量翻译functionword功能词function功能functionalgrammar

24、功能语法functionallinguistics功能语言学functionalsentenceperspective,FSP功能句子观functionsoflanguage语言功能fusion溶合fuzzy模糊的Ggenderdifference性另1J差异generallinguistics普通语言学generalisation概括generativegrammar生成语法generativesemantics生成语言学genitive属格所有格genre体裁语类German德语given(information)已给信息globaltask整体任务glottal喉音glottalstop

25、喉塞音goal目标governmenttheory支配理论government支配grammaticalanalysis语法分析grammaticalfunction;grammaticalstructure语法结构gradableantonymy分等级的反义关系gradualopposition渐次对立grammaticalcategory语法范畴grammaticalconcept语法概念grammaticaldescription语法描写grammaticalform语法形式grammaticalmarker语法标记grammaticalmeaning语法意义grammaticalorg

26、anization语法组成grammaticalpattern语法类型grammaticalprocess语法过程grammaticalrule语法规贝Ugrammaticalsentencepattern,GSP语法句形grammaticalstructure语法结构grammaticalsubject语法主语grammaticalsystem语法系统grammaticalword语法词graphiticform文字形式GriceanmaximGrice准贝Ugroup词组guttural腭音Hhalf-rhyme半韵hardpalate硬腭head中心词中心成分headedconstruc

27、tion中心结构heptameter七音步诗行hierarchicalstructure等级结构hierarchicalsystem等级系统hierarchy等级体系high高(元音)historicallinguistics历史语言学holophrasticstage单词句阶段homonym同音/形异议词HopiHopi语horizontalrelation链状关系Hornscale霍恩阶humancognitivesystem人类认知系统humanlanguage人类语言humanspeech人类言语humantranslation人译hypercorrection矫枉过正hyponym下

28、义词hyponymy下义关系hypothesis假设hypothesis-deduction假设-演绎Iiamb抑扬格iambicpentameter抑扬格五音步诗行ICanalysis直接成分分析法ICALL(intelligentCALL)智能计算机辅助语言学习ideational(function)概念功台匕目匕identifying认同的idiom成语习语idiomatically-governed习语支配的ill-formedsentences不合适的句子illocutionaryact话中行为施为性行为illocutionaryforce言外作用施为作用imaginative(fu

29、nction)想象功能immediacyassumption即时彳矍定immediateconstituentanalysis直接成分分析法imperativerule祈使规贝Uimperative祈使语气命令的implicate意含implication蕴涵含义implicationconnective蕴涵连接implicature含义言外之意impliedmeaning蕴涵意义implosive内破裂音内爆音inanimate无生命的inclusivenessrelation内包意义indefinite不定的，无定的indicative陈述式陈述语气indirectobject间接宾语in

30、dirctspeech,IS间接言语indirectthought,IT间接思想Indo-Europeanlanguages欧语百inference推论推理inferencedrawing推论inferentialcommunication推论交际infinitive不定式infix中缀inflection屈折(变化)inflectionalaffix屈折词缀inflectionalmorphology屈折形态学inflectiveendings屈折结尾informationretrieval信息检索informationstructure信息结构informative(function)信息

31、功台匕目匕innateness先天性innatenesshypothesis(语法)天赋假设input输入inputhypothesis语言输入说instrumental(function)工具功台匕目匕integrativetest综合性测试intensifier强调成分intensive强调的增强的interactional(function)交互功台匕目匕interdental齿间音interface界面interference干扰interjection感叹词interlanguage中介语interlingua国际语interlingualapproach语际法interlocuto

32、r会话者internalevaluation内部评估internalstructure内部结构internationalphoneticalphabet,IPA国际音标internet互联网interpersonal人际的interpersonalfunction人际功学linguistics语百学台匕目匕interpretation解释interrogativesentence疑问句intonation语调intra-linguisticrelation语百内关系intransitive/、及物的intrinsicsourcesoferror错误的内languageuniversal语言普遍

33、性languageuse语百使用langue语百（系统）larynx喉头lateral边首旁流首Latin拉丁语Latingrammar拉丁语法liprounding圆唇化literallanguage本义语百literarystylistics文学文体学loantranslation翻译借词loanblend混合借词loanshift转移借词loanword借词源invariableword小变词invention新创词语inversion倒置，倒装IPAchart国际首标图IPSsymbol国际首标符号irony讽刺反话isolatedopposition孤立对立Italian意大利语JJ

34、apanese日语jargon黑话行语Jesperson,OttoJohnson&JohnsonJohnsonJones,DanielKkernelsentence核心句keyword关键词knowledge知识knowninformation已知信息KrashenKruszewski,MikolajKuno,Susumolaxvowel松1匕首length长度音长letter字母level层，级，平面Levinson,Stephenlexeme词位词素lexicalambiguity词汇歧义lexicalchange词?匚变化lexicallevel词?匚层lexicalmeaning词汇意

35、义lexicalmorphologyt司?匚形念学lexicalstudies词汇研究lexicalword词汇词lexicogrammar词汇语法lexicon词汇词典lexis词liaison连首连续limerick打油诗line诗行linearphonology线性音系学linearstructure线形结构linguisticuniversity语言普遍性linguisticbehaviour语百行为linguisticbehaviourpotential语百行localareanetworks,LAN局域网locutionaryact发话行为，表述性言语行为logicalcompon

36、ent逻辑成分logicalconnective逻辑连词logicalformcomponent逻辑式成分logicalformrepresentation逻辑式表达logicalformula逻辑公式logicalfunction逻辑功能logicalsemantics逻辑语义学logicalstructure逻辑结构logicalsubject逻辑主语logophoricity词照应LondonSchool伦敦学派longvowed长兀首.lossofsound语音脱落loudness响度Mmachinetranslation机器翻译macrolinguistics宏观语百学macropr

37、oposition宏观命题Llabel标小标记为潜势linguisticcompetence语言能macrostructure宏观结构mainclause主句labial唇音labiodental唇齿首力linguisticcontext语言语境上下Malinowski,Bronislawman-machinesymbiosis人机共生language语百languageacquisitiondevice,LAD语文linguisticdata语言mannermaxim方式准则mannerofarticulation发百方式百习得机制languageattitude语言态度linguistic

38、description语百描写linguisticdeterminism语言决定marked标记的masculine阳性languagechoice语百选择languagecomprehension语言理论linguisticfacts语言事实matalinguistic兀语百学的material(process)物质过程解languagedata语言languagelearning语百学习languagemaintenance语百维护languageprocessing语后处理languagestructure语百结构linguisticrelativity语百相对性linguisticse

39、xism语百性别歧视linguisticstructure语百结构linguistictheory语百理论linguisticunit语百单位linguisticuniversal语言普遍mathematicalprinciples数学原理maxim准则maximalonsetprinciple最大下首辅音原则meaningpotential意义潜languagesystem语百系统languageteaching语言教性linguisticvariation语言变异势meaningshift转移meaning意音位成分neutralizableopposition可中立对义morphopho

40、nemics形态首位学立mental（processs）思维过程心理过morphophonology形态首系学newinformation新信息程morpho-syntacticalchange形态句法newstylistics新文体学mentalism心、灵主义变化node节message信息mothertongue母语本族nominalgroup名词词组metafunction元功能语nominalization名词化metalinguistic兀语后的motivation动因动机nominative主格metaphor隐喻move（移动）non-authenticinput非真实语料的输

41、metathesis换位（作用）MT机器翻译入metonymy换喻转喻MTquality机译质事non-contrastiveanalysis非对比性分metre韵律multilateralopposition多边对立析metricalpatterning韵律格式multi-levelphonology多层次音系non-conventionality非规约性microcomputer微机学non-detachability非可分离性microprocessor微处理器multilingualism多语制多语现象non-linearphonology非线性音系mid中（兀首）N学mind思维na

42、rratee被叙述者non-linguisticentity非语言实体minimalattachmenttheory最少接触narrator叙述看non-pulmonicsound非肺闭塞自理论narratorrepresentationofspeechnon-reciprocaldiscourse非交替性语minimalpair最小对立体acts,NRSA言语行为的叙述者表篇minimalistprogram达non-reflexivepronoun非反身代词minimumfreeform最小自由形narrator;representationofspeech,nonsensewordsta

43、ge无意义词语阶式NRS言语的叙述者表达段mirrormaxim镜像准则narrator;representationofthoughtnonverbalcues非言语提示mistake错误acts,NRTA思维行为的叙述者表norm规范modalsubject语气主语达notationsystem标写系统modalverb情态动词narrator;representationofthought,notion意念modality情态NRT思维的叙述者表达notional-functionalsyllabus意念功能modernFrench现代法语narrowtranscription窄式首标教

44、学大纲modification修饰narrowing狭窄化nounphrase名词短语modifier修饰语nasalnoun名词monomorphemic单语素的nasalcavity鼻腔numbersystem数字系统monophonemic单首位的nasalsound鼻白number数字monophthong单首nasalstop鼻塞白Omonosyllabic单首ij的nasaltract鼻道object宾语Motaguegrammar家人古语法nasality鼻首性object-deletion兵语省略mood语气nasalization鼻首化objectivecase宾格morph

45、形素词素形式Nash,Walterobjectivity客观性morpheme语素词素形nativespeaker操本族语看obligatory强制性素naturallanguage自然语百observationaladequacy观察充分morpheme-exchangeerror词素交错naturalisticdata自然语料性误near-adultgrammar近成人语法abstruction阻塞morphemicshape词素形状negation否定否定结构OCRscanner光学字符阅读器扫描morphemicstructure词素结构negative否定的仪morphemictra

46、nscription词素标negativeinterference负面十扰octametre八首步诗行日negativemarker否定标记OldEnglish古英语morphologicalchange形;化negativetransfer负转移one-placepredicate一位谓语morphologicalrule形态规贝Uneogrammarian新语法学家on-linetranslation在线翻译morphology形念学network网络onomatopoeia拟声词morpho-phonemiccomponent形态networkcomputer网络计算机onset节首辅首

47、openclass开放类opensyllable开音节operationalsystem操作系统operative可操作性operator操作词oppositenessrelation对立关系opposition对立optimalrelevance最适宜关联option选择optional可选择的oralcavity口月空oralstop口阻塞音ordinalnumeral序数词originoflanguage语言起源orthography正字法ostensivecommunication直示交际output产出overgeneralization过分法贝U化Ppalatal腭音舌面中音pal

48、atal-alveolar腭齿龈音palatalization(硬)腭化paradigm聚合体paradigmaticrelation聚合关系paraphrase释义意译parole言语partofspeech词类participant参与者particle小品词语助词particulargrammar特定语的语法partitive部分的部分格passivetransformation被动转换passive(voice)被动语态patterndrilltechnique句型操练法pattern模式patterning制定模式pause停顿peak(节)峰perceptualspan感知时距pe

49、rfectionism完善主义perfective完成体performancetest语言运用测试performance语言运用performative(verb)行事性动词perlocutionaryact话后行为perseverativecoarticulation重复性协同发音person人称personal(function)自指性功能pharyngeal咽头音喉音pharynx喉头phatic(communion)寒暄交谈交感性谈话phone音素音子phonematicunit音声单位phoneme音位phoneticalphabet音标phoneticformcomponent语音

50、形式部分phoneticsimilarity语音相似性phoneticsymbol语音符号phonetictranscription标音(法)phonetics语音学phonologicalanalysis音位分析phonologicalcomponent音位部分phonologicallevel音系层phonologicalprocess音位过程phonologicalrepresentation音位表达phonologicalrule音位规贝Uphonologicalstructure音位结构phonologicalsystem音位系统phonologicalvariant音位变体phon

51、ology音系学phrasalverb短语动词phrase短语phrasestructure短语结构phrasestructuregrammar短语结构语法phrasestructurerule,PSrule短语结构规则pidgin皮软语洋泾滨语不纯正外语Pitch音高声调高低placeofarticulation发音部位play剧本plosion爆破plosive爆破音爆发音plural复数pluralism多元主义plurality复数形式poetic(function)诗学功能poetry诗歌polymorphemic(word)多语素词polysyllabic多音节(词)polysys

52、temicanalysis多系统分析Portugese葡萄牙语positivetransfer正移转possessive所有的属有的possiblegrammar可能语言的语法postalveolar后齿昔艮音post-Bloomfieldianlinguistics后布龙菲尔德语言学postdeterminer后限定词post-structuralistview后结构主义观点pragmaticinference语用推论pragmaticroles语用角色pragmatics语用学PragueSchool布拉格学派predeterminer前限定词predicatecalculus谓语演算pr

53、edicatelogic谓语逻辑predicate谓语predicator谓语(动)词predictivevalidity预测效度pre-editing预先编辑译前加工prefix前缀pre-modifiedinput预修正的输入premodifier前修饰语preposition介词prepositionalcalculus介词演算prepositionallogic介词逻辑prepositionalopposition介词对立prepositionalphrase介词短语prescriptive规定式presupposition前提预设primarycardinalvowel主要基本元日p

54、rimarystress主重音第一重音principleofinformativeness信息性原则principleofleasteffort最省力原则principleofquantity数量原贝Uprivativeopposition表非对立表缺对立process过程productionerror产生性错误productivity多产性proficiencytest水平测试pro-form代词形式替代形式programminglanguage编程语言progressive进行体progressiveassimilation顺同化projectionrule投射规则pronominal代词

55、pronoun代词pronunciation发音pronunciationdictionary发音词典pronunciation发音proportionalopposition部分对立proposition命题prosestyle散文风格prosodicanalysis节律分析超音质分析psycholinguistics心理语言学psycholinguistic-sociolinguisticapproach心理-社会语言学方法psychologicalreality心理现实psychologicalsubject心理主语psychologyoflanguage语言心理学psychometric-structuralist