杭州市中考英语语法复习总结语篇填空和单词拼写

1、中考英语语法-浙江省杭州市16年-19年中考英语真题语篇填空语法重点及单词拼写考点和解题思路杭州市语篇填空语法频次如下浙江省16-19语篇填空语法考点频次分析考点频次考题备注时态（动词一般过去式） ?52019.55 / 2018.52 / 2017.55 /200被动语态22019.56 / 2018.54n单复数42019.54 / 2018.59 / 2017.57 /2016.52adj/adv比较级22017.59 / 2016.60代词pron32019.53 / 2017.53 / 2016.57词性介词prep22019.59 / 2018.53连词conj

2、32019.57 / 2018.60 / 2017.54冠词32018.55 / 2017.51/ 2016.55词性变化n 变 adjadj 变 adv62019.52,60/ 2018.51,56/ 2017.56/2016.51非谓语动词32019.51 / 2018.58 / 2017.52定语从句关系词？52019.58 / 2018.57 / 2017.60 / 2016.54 58关系词名词性从句关系词22017.58 / 2016.56杭州市单词拼写考点频次如下:杭州市16-19单词拼写考点频次分析考点频次考题备注v动词nv原形42019.66 / 2018.70 / 2017

3、.62 63过去式32018.62 / 2017.66 / 2016.62过去分词42019.61 / 2018.65 /2017.65 /2016.70三单12016.68考查单复数1月份1谚语152019.62,63,67,68,70 /2018.61,67,69/2017.61,64,69,70 /2016.63,64,66adj52019.64/ 2018.63,66/2016.65,69adv42019.65/2018.64/2016.65,69代词pron22017.67 /2016.67序数词 num.22019.69 /2018.68根据以上考点分析，这里会给学生们重点讲解到以

4、下语法知识点一时态（一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时）及相应的被动语态二 词性（名词n、形容词adj和副词adv及这三类词之间的词性转化，冠词 art.代词pron,介词 prep,连词conj,动词v和非谓语动词）三简单句和定语从句四名词性从句且需要了解到以下项 五状语从句时态 （一）一般现在时1 概念2 .表示不受时限的客观存在eg: I am a teacher. You are a student. She is a doctor.3 .表示现在习惯动作eg: Peter often goes to his office by subway.Mary usually learns l

5、anguages quickly.频度副词： usually, always , ever , frequently , hardly ever, never, occasionally, often, rarely, seldom, sometimes, etc.4 肯定句 & 否定句：（ 1）主语 +be（ am/is/are） + 其他（表语）tips：第一人称用am,第二人称和第三人称复数用are,第三人称单数用is否定表达： 主语 +be not （am not/is not=isn t/are not=aren （表t）H例句见上（ 2）主语+实义动词 + 其他（宾语）tips:

6、第一，二人称以及第三人称复数用 V 原形，第三人称复数用 v-seg:I often go to school by bus. - I don t often go to school by bus.Parents always praise their kids. - Parents don t always praise their kids.He wears the school uniform. -He doesn t wear the school uniform.否定表达：主语（第一，二人称以及第三人称复数）+ don t+-原形+其他（宾语）主语第三人称复数+ doesn t +

7、-原形+其他（宾语）3 被动语态主语 （动作的接受者）+ am/is/are+ done+ （by+动作的实施者）tips：第一人称用am,第二人称和第三人称复数用are,第三人称单数用iseg; I am asked to study hard.The kids are always praised by their parents.The classroom is cleaned by us.（二） 一般过去时（1） 念（ 1）表示过去时间特定过去时间内一次完成的动作或一度存在的状态eg: This town was a tourist attraction before.We visit

8、ed a factory last Friday.（2） .表示过去习惯动作eg: He worked in a bank all his life.（3） .表示过去的时间词：last ./ .ago/before.体时间：in 1990, yesterday2 肯定句 & 否定句：（1）主语+be （was/were） + 其他（表语）tips：第一人称和第三人称单数用 was,第二人称和第三人称复数用 were否定表达： 主语 +be not （was not=wasn t/were not=werenM他 t）表语）eg： This town wasn t a tourist attr

9、action before.You weren t a junior high school student two years ago.（ 2）主语（所有人称）+ 实义动词的过去式 did+ 其他（宾语）否定表达：主语（所有人称）+ didn t+-原形+其他（宾语）eg: We didn t visit a factory last Friday.He didn t work in a bank all his life.3 被动语态主语 （动作的接受者）+ was/were + done + （by + 动作的实施者）tips：第一人称和第三人称单数用 was,第二人称和第三人称复数用

10、wereeg： I was shocked by the news.The kite was made by Peter.Many houses were washed away in the flood.（三）现在完成时1 概念（ 1） . 过去发生的事情（已完成）对现在有影响eg: He has turned off the light.2 .过去发生的事情（未完成）持续到现在，可能持续下去，也有可能刚刚结束eg: He has lived here since 2000.可能继续住着，也可能刚刚搬走）（3 肯定句和否定句肯定表达：主语+have/has done+ 宾语 +其他否定表达：

11、主语 +have not（haven t）/has not （hasnone+宾语 + 其他tips:第一人称，第二人称和第三人称复数用 have/haven第仁人称单数用has/hasn t eg： He has studies in England for two years.4 常用时间标志词a. for +一段时间b. since+ 时间点或从句3.连接词 ever , already, yet , so far , in the past/ last.etc.eg: I have ever gone to Tibet.He has already finished the homew

12、ork.I haven t finished my paper yet.He has returned five gold medals so far.4.It is the first time that-从旬It is the first time that I have watched the movie.5 被动语态（了解即可）主语 （动作的接受者）+ have/has been + done +（ by + 动作的实施者）eg: Amateurs have made important discoveries in astronomy.Important discoveries in

13、 astronomy have been made by amateurs.二 词性讲解（一）名词1可数名词Countable nouns:本身可以用来计数的，表示具体概念的名词可数名词单数：表示 “一个”的概念，单数名词前使用不定冠词 a 或 an可数名词复数：表示“两个或多个”的概念，属于复数可数名词复数变化规律：（ 1）一般直接在名词后加 s,eg: a biscuit three biscuitsa watermelon three watermelons.（2）以字母-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾单词后加eseg: dish-dishes, bus-buses, fox-foxes,

14、 fish-fishes.（ 3）特殊的几个以o 结尾词加es，骑着水牛（buffaloes）的黑人（negroes淡雄们（heroes）S吃西红柿（tomatoes）和马铃薯（potatoes）其余以 o 结尾词加 s eg: photo- photos piano-pianos video - videos（4）辅音字母+y 结尾的，改y-ies eg: city-cities butterfly-butterflies元音字母 +y 结尾的，词尾加 -s eg: key-keys soy - soys（5）以-f或-fe结尾的，少数直接加s,大部分改-f/-fe为-v再加eseg: le

15、af-leaves life-lives wife-wives（ 6）复合词：改中心词为复数eg: girl student-girl students三个特例（改复数）man teacher- men teacherswoman nurse- women nurseschild star- children starstips: 可数名词单数，谓语动词一般用单数；可数名词复数，谓语动词一般用复数。2不可数名词Uncountable nouns:本身无法用数目来计算的名词，表示抽象概念的词eg: 液体类 tea water coffee食品类chicken honey chocolate抽象类

16、work wealth homework用量词表示数量eg: a box of milk a bottle of water常见量词不可数名词可数名词a lot of plenty of some a quantity of many a fewa number ofa lot ofplenty of some a quantity ofmucha littlea great deal of3某些常见的既可以是可数CN也可以是不可数UN的词 (1)抽象类UNCNinterest兴趣 前面上加不aE电词an利害关系股份权益 1experience经验经历word消息单词room空间房间autho

17、rity权威权威人士，权威机构democracy民主民主国际youth青年人beauty美美人necessity必要必需品(2)物质类UNCNglass玻璃玻璃杯paper纸张报纸文件试卷cloth布clothes 衣服copper铜a copper 铜币tin锡罐头iron铁熨斗gold金a gold金牌snow雪snows积雪water水waters海/湖水(3)食品类：蔬菜，水果，肉等之类表示吃的东西时不可数，表示种类时可数UNCNsalad沙拉数量种类Ice cream冰淇淋cabbage卷心菜onion洋葱wine酒chicken鸡肉Fish鱼肉meat(一块)肉（二）形容词和副词1

18、.形容词：做定语放在名词前位置：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠 eg: He lives a happy life.a pretty small round old yellow French wooden study room2副词：作状语多修饰动词交代动作状态eg:I entirely agree with her.形容词比较级和最高级对j. 3市.比较重用最高圾变址娓则嬲最高圾T单音黄同词闻，电式比骏缴11最商取!small last5 cnalltr fastersmallest fastest华音节词不发音Y错尾邙音节词词尾F比较螭 7t （段高圾）n

19、ice larse尸nicerIflrsernicestlargest重跖有昔单宫节伺双弓WB?W乘rr （比较酷2“俄高国）bis bo(Dger hullertoiggest honest双言节网双言节词向尾Z比出Uftjcleverlurrowcleverernarrows rcleverest nanowtsf以辆音学坦+V暗尾双 音节问y改i同尾一包nL匕较圾jTn ：最百摄）V noisveasiernoiirreks M tnoisiest务吉黄伺不以、结尾双音节丽设 考育节同单词前面靠铝）* irniist （展高物lirvd cxDcnsivcmore tiredjarcxs

20、DcmiYCmost tirrdmost CYDCTISHT不规则gondMHl badhr Herworsebpst worst（三）词性转化通过英语真题分析来看，杭州市初中英语主要考查的是名词转化为形容词， 以及形容词转化为副词, 加后缀为主1常见的形容词后缀名词T形容词A.-al/-ical/ ic/ 带有 “属性，倾向，相关”的含义 traditional, cultural, agricultural, natural, physical, musical, practical, national, technical, industrial, material, actual, p

21、olitic, historic, basic, electric, atomic, automatic, plastic, magic, scientific,-ish foolish, childish, womanish, Spanish, British, EnglishB.-ar带有 “属性，倾向，相关 regular, particular,C.-ary带有 “属性，倾向，相关 “ revoitionary, extraordinary, contraryD.-ly表示 “相象，类似”的含义 friendly, motherly, brotherly, monthly, weakl

22、y, wooly, lovely, lively, lonelyE. -en表示由某种物质形成，制成或生产的含义：wooden, woolen, golden,F.-ern 表示方向 eastern, western, northern, southernG. -y 表示 相像 类似 cloudy, sunny, shiny, windy, rainy, snowy, lucky, salty, hilly, funny, healthy, sleepy, foggy, dusty, lucky, muddy, wealthy, noisy, easy, dirty, thirsty, ang

23、ry, hungry, smoky, sandyH. -ous/-ious 表示充分的 dangerous, famous, nervous, poisonous, serious, curious, various, mountainous, humorous动词一 形容词带有“属性，倾向，相关”-ed excited, learned, tired, interested, surprised, pleased-ing interesting, moving, exciting, tiring, surprising-ant/-ent pleasant, constant, excelle

24、nt,-ive active, expensive, talkative, comparative, relative其他（名，动皆可加）：名词/动词 + able/ible 表示可以 能够 valuable, reasonable, comfortable, countable, enjoyable, horrible, terrible, responsible名词/动词 + ful 表示 “充分的”含义 careful, powerful, tearful, beautiful, hopeful, wonderful, fearful, thankful, harmful, useful

25、, frightful名词/动词 + less表示否定 careless, hopeless, useless, harmless, homeless, wireless, endless, selfless, powerless, fearless, valueless名词/动词 + some 带有 “属性，倾向，相关 “ handsome, troublesome, tiresome2副词后缀形容词 + ly: badly, nearly, mostly, quickly, roughly, quietly, silently, sadly, slowly, commonly, softl

26、y, frequently, rapidly, deeply, slightly, lightly, fairly, smartly, certainly, excitedly, curiously, firmly, constantly, seriously, particularly, coldly, suddenly, freely, highly, lately, finely, politely, completely, widely, immediately, unfortunately, surely, closely, truly, wholly, probably, simp

27、ly, possibly, impossibly, terribly, easily, busily, happily, heavily, angrily, prettily, hungrily, shyly, dryly, carefully, finally, usually, actually, really, naturally, beautifully, dully, fully, scientifically, physically名词/介词+ ward/wards 表示方向： northward, southward, eastward, westward, downward,

28、upward, backward, forward, toward, afterwards（四）不定冠词a an 一个a 用于辅音音素前a cup, a bookan 用于元音音素前an apple, an engineer an hour定冠词 the 和名词连用 表示特指eg: Take the medicine. the sun the first零冠词（不加冠词）1 .国名 ,人名前不加冠词 eg: China Bob2 . 表示一类人或事物的泛指的复数名词,不加冠词eg: They are teachers3 .抽象名词表示一般概念,不加冠词eg: Failure is the mo

29、ther of success.4 .物质名词表示一般概念时通常不加冠词eg: Man can not live without water.5 .季节 ,月份 ,节日,假日,日期 ,星期等表示时间的名词不加冠词eg: Monday in April6 .表示称呼 ,官衔 ,职位名词前不加冠词eg: General Lee, uncle Sam7 .三餐，球类运动，娱乐运动名词前不加冠词eg: have breakfast, play chess, play basketball8 .当两个或两个以上名词连用时，常省略冠词eg： I can t write without pen or pen

30、cil.9,by 后加交通工具，中间不用冠词eg: by bus, by train10 .某些个体名词不用冠词，表示深层含义: school, college, prison, market, hospital, bed, class, town,church, court etc.eg: go to school 去上学go to hospital 住院go to the school 去学校go to the hospital 去医院11 .序数词前不加冠词 :a 序数词前有物主代词 eg: my first mobile phoneb 序数词作副词eg: He came first i

31、n the race.c 固定词组eg: at first, first of all（五）代词 pron人称意思主格宾格形容词性 物主代词名词性物 主代词反身代词第一人称我（的）Imemyminemyself我们（的）weusouroursourselves第二人称你，你们（的）youyouyouryoursyourself/yourselves他（的）hehimhishishimself第三人称她（的）sheherherhersherself它（的）itititsitsitself他们，她们，它 们（的）theythemtheirtheirsthemselves指7K代词this that

32、 these those疑问代词who whom whose which what不定代词some (something somebody someone somewhere) any (anything anybody anyone anywhere) no (nothing nobody no one)every (everything everybody everyone everywhere) all each both much many (a) few (a) little other others another none one either neither（六）介词 prep

33、1方位介词在里面 in/insideinto 进入里面 eg: Throw it into the fire.在外面outsideout of 从里面出来 eg: He walked out of the room and left.表示由于 因为 eg: He opened the box out of curiosity.a above在斜上方（无接触）o over在的正上方（无接触）跨越到物体的另一面Lon在上面（有接触）onto 至U 之上 eg: The child climbed up onto his fathers shoulders.under 在正下方 below 在斜下方

34、beneath 紧贴在 的下方 eg: The boy found a football beneath a pile of leaves.在旁边 beside/by在前面in front of在外部的前面in the front of在内部的前面（before）在后面 behind在附近 near/close to紧挨着next toaround围绕from 从一（起点）来 from。toacross 横过： 在 （街 河） 的对面 eg: My house is just across the street.t through 透过 穿过 eg: Water will be pumped

35、through a pipe.L along 沿着 eg: I was walking along the street when I saw a tailos shop.b between在之间between A B and C多用于两者之间，也可用于三者之间A B C不同Jeg: Its a secret between you and me.、among 在之间among AAA三者或三者以上之间 相同的事物eg: She is the youngest among the three sisters.辨析：at & in表示地点at指较小的地方或概念名词at my home. at t

36、he airportin指较大的地方in Hong Kong2时间介词in 十年份月份季节世纪年代朝代上午下午晚上eg: in 2020, in January, in Spring, in the morning/afternoon/eveningon +日期/星期/具体某一天的上下午/一般的节日on December 25th, on Thursday, on Monday morning, on National Dayat +时刻、具体的时间点at 12 o clock, at noon, at that time, at dawn固定表达:at Easter at Christmas

37、/before 在之前Lafter在之后f from + 时间点 从开始 eg: My younger sister began to learn dance from the age of five.for + 时间段 eg: Mr Brown has lived in the village for 15 years.since + 时间点 eg: Mr Brown has lived in the village since 15 years ago.rduring + 某个时间段 eg: He swims every day during the summer.，through + 在

38、期间 从开头到结尾 eg: Tom was brave through his fatheis illness. Lover 在（做）期间，贯穿（段时间） eg: We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea.by 表“在之前 不迟于一” eg: You must arrive at school by seven Olock. till/until 直至U eg: I shall wait until ten oclock. / I didnt go to sleep until midnight.3表工具、手段、方式的介词表示交通工具 一般用 by eg

39、: by bus by plane 特殊的特指的交通工具 in my car, on this plane, 步行，骑马，骑骆驼均用 on: on foot, on a horse, on a camel 表示手段、方式with +有形的工具，身体的某些器官eg: We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs.in +语言原料颜料钢笔铅笔等eg: Please answer me in English.The artist writes in pencil.一些固定短语： on / over the telep

40、hone/radioin this/that way, by this/that means/ with this/that method4其他常考介词和固定搭配(1)表比较 than more than with和一起随着具有带着(表示伴随)by在之前/不迟于由于凭借按照根据for为了(表示目的)对而言由于因为买换取(等价交换)(5)固定搭配The answer to the questionThe key to (the door)The introduction to (the book)The ticket to (the concert)The invitation to (the

41、party)（七）连词conj并列连词（一）表示并列的and和表示选择的orAnd 和又且 eg: Mary is a doctor and her sister is a teacher.Or 或 eg: You can walk up or take the cable car.（二）表示转折、对比关系的并列连词：but while yetBut 但是 表转折 eg: Its an old car, but its very reliable.While 然而 eg: Some experiments are difficult while others are easy.Yet 然而 但

42、 还 eg: It is very good, yet it can be better.（三）表示因果关系的并列连词：so forSo + 结果 eg: The shops were close, so I didrb get any milk.For + 原因 eg: It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.（八）动词v和非谓语动词1谓语动词助动词（aux.） do/have/beI want some food.实义动词：及物动词（vt）不及物动词（vi）无被动语态 I wait for you.系动词（link ve

43、rb）:be/get/ 感官类动词（smell, feel, sound, look, taste, listen） tips:助动词do以及情态动词后面都跟动词原形情态动词（modal verb）: 常用情态动词can may shall willcould might shouldwould其他must cannotbe able toought toneedhave todare2非谓语动词不能做谓语的动词ClassificationFormExample不同to doShe asked me to do the work with him.观谢词doingSeeing is belie

44、ving分词过去分词doneThe question being discussed is very important名词doingHis coming will be of great help to us.（1）异同相同点：除了谓语，可以用于句子中的主，宾，表，定，状等其他成分（不讲）不同点：O从时间上讲：to do 带有将来的含义 eg: She had no plans to retire from her position.俄将来和主动） 现在分词doing带有正在进行的含义eg: Not knowing where to go, she goes to the police fo

45、r help.我主动和进行，伴随状语）过去分词 done 带有完成的含义 eg: Written in a hurry, this article was not good.俄完成） 从主语和动作的关系上讲：to do/doing表示主动例句同上done 表示被动 eg: Given another hour, I can also work out this problem 表被动）.（3从非谓语动词和句子本身的关系来讲to do表示目的，结果等You don t have to run fast or for long to see the benef睦目 的）doing/done 表示伴

46、随 eg: The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students.Some students came into the lab, following the teacher.(4动名词doing是名词，表示习惯性动作，作主语居多，句型： doing + Vto do不定式做主语可以表示具体的动作eg: Playing with fire is dangerous. (playingS指玩火)To play with fire will be dangerous. (To play旨玩火这个动彳会发生危险)(2)动词后面跟to do不

47、定式和doing的固定搭配Verbs+ to do(decide, determine, learn, want, expect, hope, wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask, beg, help) + to doVerbs + doing(suggest, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay, put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep, keep on, practice, deny, f

48、inish, enjoy, appreciate, imagine, risk, ca rb help, mind, escape)Verbs + to do/doing 者B 可 to do sth忘记要做某事forget /d doing sth忘记做了某事to do sth记得要做某事rememberdoing sth记得做了某事to do sth停下来做某事stop - doing sth停止做某事to do sth很遗憾要做某事regretdoing sth后悔做过某事t to do sth努力做某事try I doing sth试着做某事 to do sth打算做某事mean 一

49、doing sth意味着做某事 sb to do sthallow/permit/forbid/advise/consider *d doing sth三简单句和定语从句(一)简单句1主谓SVeg: I see. I arrived at 10:00.2主谓宾SVOeg: Mary bought a book.3主系表SVlinkPeg: This dish tastes delicious.4主谓双宾SV IO DOeg: His father bought him a bike.5主谓宾补SVOCeg: He likes to watch the boys playing football

50、.(二)形容词性从句：定语从句1概述eg: He is a naughty boy.形容词作定语，前置He is the boy who damaged the vase.句子作定语，后置先行词：被修饰的名词或代词关系词：1在从句中重复指代先行词，2连接主句和从句，3在定语从句中作一定成分的连接词 定语从句：放在名词或代词之后，由关系词(关系代词和关系副词)引导的从句。2关系词的分类(1)关系代词：who whom which that whose在定语从句中充当主语，宾语或定语( whose)(2)关系副词：when where why在定语从句中充当状语。eg: He is the man

51、 who told me the news.I shall never forget the day when we first met.3关系代词(1) Who:指代人，在定从中作主语或宾语eg: The boys who are playing football are from class one.俗主语)You needn t talk to the people who you don t likeiaSng to.(2) Whom指代人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略eg: The man (whom) you met just now is my old friend.Mr Liu

52、is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(3) Whose表示人6物的而有关系，在定从中作定语eg: I visited a scientist. His name is known all over the country.I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.I lost a book. The book s cover is blue.I lost the book whose cover is blue.(4) Which指代物，在从句中作主

53、语或宾语，作宾语时可省略eg: Football is a game which is liked by most boysd主语)The film (which) they went to see last night was not interesting at all.(5) that既可指人，也可指物，指人可用 who替代，指物可用which替代eg: They are the boys that I went to school with.-I可换成whoeg: He drives a car that can travel 150 miles an hour.-L_可换成which

54、4在下列情况下关系词只能用that,而不能用which指物(1)当先行词既有人又有物时，关系词只能用 thateg: They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school.(2)先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，用 thateg: This is the best film that I have ever seen.The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.(3) 当先行词为指物的 all none little few some much 或不定代词(everything, anything, something, nothing etc.)时，用 thateg: All that live must die.Have you ever taken down everything that Mr Li said?(4) 当先行词被 every all any some no little few much, the very(是)，th