英语语言学试卷精粹(10套题)

1、第一部分  选择题 I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, an

2、d not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be _.  A、 prescriptive  B、 sociolinguistic  C、 descriptive  D、 psycholinguistic  2、Of all the speech organs, the _ is/are the most flexible.  A、 mouth  B、 lips  C、 tongue  

3、 D、 vocal cords  3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) _.  A、 bound morpheme  B、 bound form  C、 inflectional morpheme  D、 free morpheme  4、A _ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedd

4、ed clause.  A、 coordinator  B、 particle  C、 preposition  D、 subordinator主从连词  5、"Can I borrow your bike?" _ "You have a bike."  A、 is synonymous with  B、 is inconsistent with  C、 entails  D、 presupposes    6、The branch of lin

5、guistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called _.  A、 semantics  B、 pragmatics  C、 sociolinguistics  D、 psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are _ or generalization泛化.  A、 e

6、laboration  B、 simplification精简  C、 external borrowing  D、 internal borrowing 8、_ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.  A、 Lingua franca通用语  B、 Creole  C、 Pidgin  D、 Standard la

7、nguage标准语言9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, _ .  A、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus

8、角回  B、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex  C、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons  D、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area 10、According to Krashen, _ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first la

9、nguage by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.  A、 learning  B、 competence  C、 performance  D、 acquisition第二部分  非选择题 II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. No

10、te that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%) 11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k    of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they ar

11、e all b    . 13、M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s    is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a completestatement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that

12、 are mutually substitutable under allcircumstances are called c    synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the voc

13、abulary is known as word c    . 18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+ishe's), Black English can d    the form of "be". 19、The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is calle

14、d the c    period for first language acquisition. 20、As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, i    is a product of L2 training, mother tongue intereference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner. III. Direc

15、tions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%) ()21、In modern linguistic studies, t

16、he written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons. ()22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English. ()23、The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the mean

17、ing of a compound is the sum total of the meanings of its components. ()24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only.  ()25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but cannot be found within the var

18、iety itself, for example, within British English or American English.()26、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated and the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversational implicatures arise. ()27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spoken

19、 today also includes languages that are not Indo-European. ()28、In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speech situations known as domains. ()29、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, speakers' perceptions determine language and pattern their way of

20、life. ()30、All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language. IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%×10=30%) 31、duality 32、diachronic linguistics 33、broad transcription 34、morphological rules35、phrase structure rule 36、r

21、elational opposites 37、componential analysis 38、context39、euphemism 40、brain lateralization V. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%) 41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples in English for illustration. 42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect

22、the acquisition of a second language.英语语言学试题（2）一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题2分，共20分)1.The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are _.(      )  A.gradable opposites            B.relational opposites  C.co-hyponyms    &#

23、160;               D.synonyms2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar    .(      )  A.Jacob Grimm      B.Rasmus Rask  C.Franz Bopp      D.Sir William

24、 Jones3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as _.(      )  A.unusual          B.something to be feared  C.abnormal        D.natural4._produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation bu

25、t the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.(      )  A.Broca's aphasic      B.The linguistic deprivation  C.The damage on the angular gyrus      D.Wernicke's aphasic5.Some

26、Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “light”.This shows:    .(      )  A.They cannot pronounce/n/        B.Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongue  C.The teachers do not have a goo

27、d teaching method  D.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds6.A word with several meanings is called _word.(      )  A.a polysemous    B.a synonymous    C.an abnormal    D.a multiple7.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?”is

28、 _.(      )  A.informative    B.phatic    C.directive    D.performative8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in _ and vocabulary.(      )  A.usage          B.

29、grammar      C.pronunciation      D.structure9._deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.(      )  A.Linguistic geography      B.Lexicology  C.Lexicography            &

30、#160; D.Sociolinguistics10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as _.(      )  A.+animate,+male,+human,-adult  B.+animate,+male,+human,+adult  C.+animate,-male,+human,-adult  D.+animate,-male,+human,+adult二、填空题(每空1分，共10分)11.A sentence is

31、 a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of w_ to form a complete statement,q_or command.12.In sociolinguistic studies,speakers are treated as members of s_g_.13.Utterance is based on _  _ ;it is  the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situa

32、tion of communication,or simply in a context.14.To many people,a linguist is the same as a _,one who can speak several languages fluently.15.Consonant sounds can be either  v _or v_,while all vowel sounds are v_.三、判断说明题(判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内写“T”，错的写“F”，并说明理由。每小题2分，共20分)16.All words may be said to c

33、ontain a root morpheme.(      17.Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.(      )18.Linguistics is the course of language.(      )19.The part of a sentence which compriese comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is

34、grammatically called predicate.(      )20.Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study.(      )21.The term dialect,as a technical term in linguistics,carries value judgement and not simply refers to a distinct form of language.(      )22

35、.Morphology is translated as 形态学。(      )23.The word “photographically” is made up of 4 morphemes.(      )24.The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.(      )25.Semantics is the main part of linguistics.(      )四、名词解释(每小题3分，共30

36、分)26.general linguistics 27.suprasegmental features 28.root and stem 29.hierarchical structure30.naming theory and conceptualist view 31.maxims of quality and manner 32.blending33.sociolect34.subvocal speech35.contrastive analysis五、论述题(每小题10分，共20分)36.Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two

37、 different ways to show the syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences.  (1)The shooting of the hunters might be terrible.  (2)He saw young men and women present.  (3)They were surprised at the president's appointment.37.Decide the meaning of the following affixes and

38、give each affix two examples.  re-  un-   anti-   super-  -wise   -itis   -ize   -age英语语言学试题（3）第一部分  选择题.Directions:Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C

39、 or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%)1.The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is _.  A. arbitrary                  B.non-arbitrary  C. logical   

40、;                 D.non-productive2.All the back vowels in English are pronounced with rounded-lips,i.e. rounded, EXCEPT _.3.The level of syntactic representation that exists before movement takes place is commonly termed the _.  A.phr

41、ase structure              B.surface structure  C.syntactic structure          D.deep structure4.The theory of _ accounts for the fact that noun phrases appear only in subject and object position

42、s.  A.Case Condition            B.Adjacent Condition  C.parameter                D.Adjacent parameters5.The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called _.  A.poly

43、semy                  B.hyponymy  C.antonymy                  D.homonymy6.The utterance "We're already working 25 hours a day,eight days a week."obviously violates the max

44、im of _.  A.quality              B.quantity            C.relation              D.manner7.In first language acquisition children usually

45、 _ grammatical rules from the linguistic information they hear.  A.use                      B.accept  C.generalize                D.reconstruct8.Standardization known as _ is

46、necessary in order to facilitate communications.  A.language interpretation            B.language identification  C.language choice                  D.language planning9.Which

47、 of the following choices is not the key biological basis for human language acquisition?_.  A.Cerebral cortex                B.Neurons  C.Eyes                        

48、60;   D.Angular gyrus10.Basically all the following categories except _ are always missing in the children's telegraphic speech stage.  A.the copula verb "be"              B.inflectional morphemes  C.functi

49、on words                D.content words第二部分  非选择题.Directions:Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word,the first letter of which is already given as a clue.Note that you are to fill in ONE word only,and you are not allo

50、wed to change the letter given.(1%×10=10%)11.Language exists in time and changes through time. The description of a language at some point of time is called a _s_ study of language.12.An essential difference between consonants and vowels is whether the air coming up from the lungs meets with an

51、y _o_ when a sound is produced.13.The morphemes that cannot be used by themselves, but must be combined with other morphemes to form words are called _b_ morphemes.14.XP may contain more than just X.For example,the NP "the boy who likes his puppy" consists of Det,N and S,with Det being the

52、 _s_,N the head and S the complement.15.According to Searle's classification of illocutionary acts,"to suggest that someone should see the doctor" should fall into the category of _d_.16.Hyponymy is the relationship which obtains between specific and general lexical items.The word that

53、 is more general in meaning is called _s_.17.Vowels can be nasalized.The vowel nasalization rule is an _a_ rule,which,for the most part, is caused by articulatory or physiological process in which successive sounds are made identical, or more similar, to one another.18.One mark of an informal style

54、is the frequent occurrence of _s_ words and expressions, which make sense only to the people of particular social groups and serve as a mark of membership and solidarity within a given social group.19.The brain is divided into two roughly symmetrical halves, called _h_, one on the right and one on t

55、he left.20.Linguists often use the term native language or mother tongue instead of first language, and _t_ language instead of second language in second language acquisition literature.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in th

56、e brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version.(2%×10=20%)21.(    )Human capacity for language has a genetic basis,i.e. we are all born with the ability to acquire language and the details of a l

57、anguage system are genetically transmitted.22.(    )A general difference between phonetics and phonology is that phonetics is focused on the production of speech sounds while phonology is more concerned with how speech sounds distinguish meaning.23.(    )Only words of the same pa

58、rts of speech can be combined to form compounds.24.(    )Sentences are not formed by randomly combining lexical items, but by following a set of syntactic rules that arrange linguistic elements in a particular order.25.(    )The same semantic feature occurs in one part of speech

59、only. For example, "female" occurs only in nouns such as "mother", "woman" "girl" "tigress" and so on but not in other parts of speech.26.(    )According to Searle's classification of illocutionary acts, inviting, ordering, advising, pr

60、omising and apologizing all fall into the category of directives.27.(    )New words may be formed from existing words by subtracting an affix thought to be part of the old word; that is, ignorance sometimes can be creative. Thus "peddle" was derived from "peddler" on th

61、e mistaken assumption that the "-er" was the agentive suffix.28.(    )Women in Western countries at least appear to be more status-conscious and sensitive to the social significance of certain linguistic variables.29.(    )The case of Genie confirms that the language fa

62、culty of an average human degenerates after the critical period and consequently, most linguistic skills cannot develop.30.(    )Conscious knowledge of linguistic rules does ensure acquisition of the rules and therefore an immediate guidance for actual performance.Directions: Explain the f

63、ollowing terms, using one or two examples for illustration.(3%×10=30%)31.narrow transcription32.stem33.derivational affixes34.grammatical relation35.predication36.semantic narrowing37.nonstandard languages38.linguistic taboo39.angular erlanguage.Answer the following questions.(10%

64、15;2=20%)41.Explain with examples the three notions of phone, phoneme and allophone, and also how they are related.英语语言学试题（5）一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题2分，共20分)1.The description of a language as it changes through time is a (      ) study.A. comparative  &

65、#160;                 B. diachronicC. up-to-date                    D. descriptive2. Of the three branches of phonetics,  the longest established,  and until recently the most highly developed, 

66、is (      ) phonetics.A. auditory                        B. acoustic                  C. articulatory                    D. none o

67、f the above three3. What the element -es indicates is third person singular,  present tense, the element -ed past tense, and -ing progressive aspect.  Since they are the smallest unit of language and meaningful, they are also (      ).A. phonemes        &

68、#160;             B. morphemesC. allophones                    D. phones4. Since early 1980s Noam Chomsky and other generatvie linguists proposed and developed a theory of universal grammar known as the (    &#

69、160; ) theory.A. speech act                              B. TG                  C. principles-and-parameters              D. minimalist programme5. One way to analyze lexical meaning is (      ).A. predication analysis                  B. stylistic analysis                  C. componential analysis