06考研英语历年阅读理解精选题精析

1、考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析-2006年Part OneIn spite of “endless talk of difference, “ American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This is“the democratizinguniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of consumption “launched by the 19th - century department stores that offe

2、red 'vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite." these were stores“anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shoppin g into a public and democratic act. " The mass media, advertising and sports ar

3、e other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today' simmigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant

4、 to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilationlanguage, homeownership and inte

5、rmarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most commoncountries of origin spoke English “well ” or “very well " after ten years of residence. " The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generatio

6、n, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.”Hence the description of America as a graveyard " for language. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate amongnative-born Americ

7、ans.Foreign- born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S- born whites and blacks. " By the third generation, one third of Hispanic womenare married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez not that children in rem

8、ote villages around world are fans of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet“someAmericans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation ' s assimilative power. ”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething in America? Indeed. It

9、 is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America' s turbulent past, today' s social induces suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.1. The word “homogenizing”(Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably meansA. identifyingB. associatingC. assimilati

10、ngD.monopolizing2. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th centuryA. played a role in the spread of popular culture.B. became intimate shops for common consumers.C. satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.D. owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.3. The text suggest

11、s that immigrants now in the U.S.A. are resistant to homogenization.B. exert a great influence on American culture.C. are hardly a threat to the common culture.D.constitute the majority of the population.4. Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?A. To prove their popu

12、larity around the world.B. To reveal the public ' s fear of immigrants.C. To give examples of successful immigrants.D. To show the powerful influence of American culture.5. In the author ' s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society isA. rewardingB. SuccessfulC. fruitlessD.

13、 harmfulUnit 13 (2006) Part 1重点词汇:1. uniformity n. 一样，一致； 统一性；（相关词）uniform a. 相同的,统一标准的； be uniform with 与同一形式或外貌2. casualness n.偶然，意外；草率行事；漫不经心；平心静气3. arrayn.排列；一批，大量；显眼的一系列 vt.排列，制定（计划等）：array oneself 装扮，打扮自己、搭配 vast arrays of大批的, 大量的4. knowledgeable a.有知识的，学识渊博的，有见识的5. amaze v.使（某人）惊异或惊奇6. intima

14、te a.密切的，亲密的7. caterv. = provide food and service提供饮食及®务; 搭配cater for （或to）提供饮食及服务，迎合（某人）8. eliten. 精英，尖子9. elevate vt.提升，抬起，振作精神；使（人）欢欣鼓舞；提高（思想、道德品质、文化素质等）。例： Good books may elevate the mind. 好书 可以提高思想修养。搭配elevate to 提升为，提拔至。10. unprecedented a.前所未有的，空前的，无前例的11. assimilation n. 吸收，（社会/民族的）同化；文

15、化的吸收（相关词） assimilate .into 使同化；被同化；融合到中去； assimilate .to 使（某人）相似；使相同/一模一样;assimilate with 同化；与融为一体；assimilative a. 同化的，引起同化作用的 resistant （+to） 对 有抵抗力的；耐的；抗的；防的12. proficient （+in）a.熟练的；精通的 n.专家；能手13. intermarriagen.异族通婚；近亲结婚相关词intermarry with 与通婚graveyard n.教堂墓地；公墓；垃圾场；政治上发展的终点14. immune （+to） a. ph

16、r.有免疫力的，不易感染的15. divisive a.引起分歧的，导致分裂的例：divisive issues 引起分歧 的重要问题相关词 division n. （D=separation or distribution 分开； 分配 ®=disagreement; lack of Unity 分歧； 分裂16. turbulent a. =violent; disorderly; uncontrolled; stormy 骚动的, 骚乱的，汹涌的，狂暴的，无序的相关词 turbulence*波动，旋流deterioratev.变坏，变质，恶化17. homogenize v.

17、使均匀，使均质(make the same throughout ) 相关词 homogeneous a. =similar; alike同性质的， 同类的 homogenization (趋)同化Hispanica.西班牙和葡萄牙的；说西班牙语国家的 n.拉丁美洲人; 西班牙裔人18. democratize vt. 使(某事)民主化 相关词democracy民主，民主制democratic a.民主的，有民主精神的19. bilingual a.会双语的，双语的，搭配 bilingual education双语教学superstar* n.超级明星，巨星seething a.生气的，发怒的

18、试题解析：1【正确答案】C assimilating【测试要点】词汇识别题。【试题解析】根据原文首句的上下文就能确定答案是C,因为原文首句开始的in spite of表示转折关系，就是说 homogenizing 与前面的 difference 在上下文中构成反义词，在四个选项中能与difference 构成反义词的只有assimilate 。当然从后文也能看出文章中的考点词assimilate 是homogenizing的同义词。有的同学根据词根homo表示“相同”的意思选C也是对的。另外， 37题的bumme根据上文的对于“不幸”的描写，也能选到B “令人不快的”。2【正确答案】 A pl

19、ayed a role in the spread of popular culture.【测试要点】细节判断题。【试题解析】 这是一道细节题，根据其中的关键词 department stores of the 19th century 定位一段，再根据原文排除可以推出A是对的。注意D颠 倒了因果关系。3【正确答案】C are hardly a threat to the common culture.【测试要点】语意推断题。【试题解析】这是一道简单的推理题。问题问文中暗示现在美国的移民如何？2段首句的特殊结构not.but 就告诉了我们现在美国移民的特点：能融入共同文 化(common cu

20、lture ),表达这一意思的选项只有C。4. 【正确答案】 D To show the powerful influence of American culture.【测试要点】这是一道语意推断题【试题解析】本题难度较大，所以在这里作一个比较详细的解释。A很容易排除，就不讲了。对于B选项只要抓住the public就可以知道绝对不能选。 注意原文 some Americans fear that immigrants.,“some Americans” （一些美国人）能代表the public （公众）吗？显然不行，除非是 Most Americans 在阅读的替换中可以认为是the pub

21、lic,命题者在这里是偷换概念，也就是错误替换！ C作者在文章中提到的成功的人物一定是移民吗？尽管从广义上来 说所有的美国人都是移民。有的考生说施瓦辛格是移民，但考研阅读不要求考生 知道背景，对所有专业的考生是公平的，即使你没听说过他。另外，如果题目举 这两个人的例子就是为了说明移民本身的成功，那就偏离了文章的主题，大家应该都知道例子是为主题或者主题句服务的。本篇文章讨论的主题就是美国在吸收 移民方面的成功，美国文化的同化能力很强，本文并不讨论移民个人的成功。 请 注意yet后面的内容：然而，一些美国人担心在美国的移民会不受美国强大的同 化能力的影响（有免疫能力）。这句话的内涵是什么呢？前半句

22、讲了即使美国之 外的人也崇拜美国人，那么作者就说了，人们何必担心住在美国国内的移民不受 到美国文化的影响呢？言下之意是美国文化在全世界包括美国都有强大的影响。5. 【正确答案】B successful.【测试要点】这是一道作者态度题。【试题解析】本题除了 C没人选，其他选项都有人选。题目问作者对美国吸 收移民的观点是什么。注意题干中的absorption就是文中的homogenize和assimilate 两个词的“同义替换”。请注意文章第二段第一句话Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not b

23、e altogetherelevating but is hardly poisonous.讲了移民溶入美国文化 is hardlypoisonous=is hardly harmful,所以D不能选。而实际上作者从好几个方面 讲到了美国吸收移民的成功，比如说移民到第三代的时候基本上忘掉了原来的语 言，新移民的家庭一般高于50%勺人都拥有自己的房子等等，所以选B。本 文并没有着重强调美国吸收移民是有好处的，有回报的，而只是强调吸收移民的过程的成功，这里A rewarding又是偷换概念。关键还是看文章强调什么，这 是一切阅读的精髓！ 全文翻译：不管我们如何喋喋不休地谈论差别，美国社会实际上是一

24、台同化人们的神奇 的机器。这就是民主化的着装和话语的统一以及十九世纪在高雅的氛围中陈列着 琳琅满目的商品的百货商店所发起的随意消费及没有消费的活动。他们不是为了迎合有知识的精英们而开设亲情商店，而是创建了 “不分阶层和背景人人都可以 进入”的大众商店。这使得购物成为一种大众的、民主的行为。大众传媒、广告 和体育也是协助人们均质化的推动力。 尽管这种文化一点也不高雅，但也不是完 全有害的，移民们很快就融入了这种共同文化。Gregory Rodriguez为美国移民研讨会撰文指出，今天的移民既不是处于空前的水平，也不抵制同化。在 1998 年，移民占全国人口的 9.8%;在1900年为13.6%。

25、在1990年以前的十年之中，在每千位居民当中，有3.1位新来的移民；而在1890年以前的十年之中，每千 位居民当中就有9.2位移民。现在，让我们来看一下三个同化指标一一语言、 拥 有产权住房和异族结婚情况。1990年的人口普查透露：“来自十五个移民数量 最多的国家的移民在到美国十年后英语说得好或很好。”移民的子女几乎都说两种语言，且精通英语。“到了第三代，在大多数移民家庭，他们的母语 就消失了。”因此，有人就把美国描述成了 “语言的坟场”。到了 1965年，出 生于国外的、在1970年以前到达美国的移民有75.6%购置了自己的住房，这个 数字高出土生土长的美国人的拥有自己所有权住房的百分比一一

26、69.8%。在国外出生的亚裔和西班牙裔移民“与美国本土白人和黑人相比，与异族通婚的比率要高。”到了第三代，有三分之一的西班牙裔女性与非西班牙裔男性结婚，而有 41%亚裔美国妇女与非亚裔男性结婚。Rodriguez注意到，世界边远地区的儿童是诸如阿诺德？施瓦辛格和加斯？布鲁克斯等超级明星的星迷，而“一些美国 人担心生活在美国的移民在某种程度上并不受美国的同化力量的影响。”在美国是否存在不和以及潜在的不安？答案是肯定的， 而且问题的严重性足以超越其他 事宜。但是与美国动荡的过去相比，这些社会指标说明美国的社会环境变得黑暗， 且正在恶化。Part TwoStratford-on-Avon, as w

27、e all know, has only one industryWilliamShakespearebut there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (ASC , which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk wholar

28、gely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway' sCottage, Shakespeare ' s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their re venue. They frankly dislike the RSC s actors, them with their l

29、ong hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It' s all deliciouslyironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard ) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers whocome by bus- and often ta

30、ke in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side don' t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do managea little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the ESC contends, who bring in muchof the

31、town' s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights ) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don ' t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the su

32、bsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company.Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the BanquoBanquet

33、ing Room,and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can ' t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Companyneeds a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they &#

34、39; ll do bette r. ) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive awaythe young people who are Stratford ' s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. Th

35、ey all seem to look alike(though they come from all over ) -lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding downfor the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when th

36、e box office opens at 10:30 a.m.6. From the first two paras , we learn thatA. the townsfolk deny the RSC ' s contribution to the town ' s revenueB. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stageC. the two branches of the RSC are not on good termsD. the townsfolk earn little from

37、tourism7. It can be inferred from Para 3 thatA. the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separatelyB. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseersC. the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoersD. the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater8. By saying “Strat

38、fordcries poor traditionally ”(Line 2-3, Paragraph4) , the author implies thatA. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projectsB. Stratford has long been in financial difficultiesC. the town is not really short of moneyD. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid9. According to the townsfolk, the RSC des

39、erves no subsidy becauseA. ticket prices can be raised to cover the spendingB. the company is financially ill-managedC. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptableD. the theatre attendance is on the rise10. From the text we can conclude that the authorA. is supportive of both sidesB. favor

40、s the townsfolk ' s viewC. takes a detached attitudeD. is sympatheticUnit 13 （2006）Part 2重点词汇：1. hostilea.含敌意的，极不友好的2. superb a.极好的，最佳的；华丽的，高贵的；非常的，极度的3. revenuen. 收入，岁入4. subsidy n.（政府、慈善机构等分发的）补助金；津贴，补贴；捐款，资 助；拨款；（国家之间的）财政援助5. attendance n.出席，到场；（总称）出席者，听众，观众；照料，护理， 伺候6. decorate v. 装饰，打扮7. ro

41、cket v. 上升，迅速增加8. attractive a.有吸引力的，诱人的9. sandal n.凉鞋10. sightseer n.观光者，旅游者11. flagstone n.石板12. playgoer n.戏迷13. standing-room n.（剧场、体育场等的）站席空位；站立空间14. 重要词组live off 住在以外；靠生活；靠供养；以 为主食on the side秘密地，暗地里；作为兼职；作为副业 on the safe side可 靠的；安全的along with 与一起；共同；连同；随着；加之15. bring in 引进；引入；生产；产出；收益；进款；挣得（钱

42、）；提出（议 案）；拘捕；逮捕；让某人参与计划16. take in 让进入；接纳；接受；接待；收留；把领入；包括；涉及；参观；游览；观看（戏剧、电影等）缩短；改小衣服；收缩；兼并；获得 （土地）；订阅（报刊、杂志等）；收入；进账；开始；注意到；敏锐地观察到；马上看到；看出；一目了然；领会；理解17. get out of 从出来；从取出来；从解脱 /离开；从获得 /得到；戒掉；使摆脱（某事/某习惯）；使避免；（使某人）逃避（责任、义务、 职责等）18. stay low保持低速；保持低价位19. drive away sb. 开车送走（某人）；驱散（某人）；赶走（某人）20. drive a

43、way at拼命干，努力做工作；孜孜不倦地干21. game n.游戏，运动；娱乐活动；猎物（本文意义），猎获物；野味试题解析：6 .【正确答案】A the townsfolk deny the RSC s contribution to the town' s revenue.【测试要点】这是一道细节判断题。【试题解析】通过文章第二段的第一句话 The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue.可知答案。7 .【正确答案】 B the playgoers spe

44、nd more money than the sightseers.【测试要点】这是一道事实推断题。【试题解析】从第三段可看出，游客买了东西，在夜晚来临前就走人，但是看戏 的人们要在这里呆好多天，意思是花的钱比游客多。由此可推断，B为正确选项。8 .【正确答案】C the town is not really short of money.【测试要点】这是一道句意推断题。【试题解析】通过上下文很容易知道 cries poor是装穷的意思，和中文的哭穷 很类似，不过还是不要通过字面意思猜，通过上下文最有把握，最踏实。9 .【正确答案】D the theatre attendance is on

45、the rise.【测试要点】这是一道细节推断题。【试题解析】原文倒数第二自然段说得很清楚：The theatre has brokenattendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they'll do better.这说明对于镇上的人来说，他们实际上不知道票价低的，所以A不选。他们看到的只是表面现象D o10 .【正确答案】D is sympathetic.【测试要点】这是一道作者态度

46、判断题。【试题解析】从最后一段段首，和后面的句子看出作者认为不可能上调价格， 这 是很可耻的，可是镇上的人们又不理解。所以实际上同情它的遭遇。全文翻译：如我们所知，埃文河畔斯特拉特福德只有一种产业一一威廉？莎士比亚，但是，它有两个各自明确独立而相互问敌意不断增长的分支，这就是英国皇家莎士比亚剧团一一它在埃文河畔的莎士比亚纪念剧院上演富丽堂皇的莎剧一一和在 很大程度上依靠到镇上来不是为了看戏，而是来参观AnneHathaway别墅、莎士比亚的出生地以及其他景观的旅游者的市镇居民们。斯特拉特福德尊敬的居民认为剧院没有对他们的收入增加一文钱，他们坦率地不喜欢皇家莎士比亚剧团的演员，这些人留着长发、蓄

47、着胡须、跟拉着拖鞋， 而且很吵闹。想到为他们挣来营生的莎士比亚本人也是演员（也留着胡子）、也 参与制造噪音，这的确既有趣，也很有讽刺意味。旅客流并非是完全分开的，那些乘坐大巴而来的游客一一常常还额外参观 Warwick城堡和Blenheim-通常不看戏，有些人在斯特拉特福彳惠看到剧院还感到吃惊。然而，来看戏者除了看戏外还要想方设法安排一些观光活动。皇家莎士比亚剧团声称，正是这些爱看戏者在此过夜（有些人呆四五个晚上），把钱花在了镇上的旅馆饭店，为镇子带来了大部分的收入；而观光客什么都看，夜幕 降临就离开。镇上的人们不这样认为，地方镇议会并没有直接给皇家莎士比亚剧团提供津 贴。斯特拉特福德一直善于

48、哭穷，然而，镇上的旅馆几乎每家都添加了新的侧楼 或鸡尾酒会厅。希尔顿正在这里修建自己的旅馆，你可以肯定，它会有装饰考究的哈姆雷特汉堡吧、李尔王雅座、班柯宴会厅等等，而且价格会非常昂贵。总之，镇上人还是不明白为什么皇家莎士比亚剧团需要津贴。(该剧院连续三年打破上座纪录，去年，剧院中1431个座位的全年上座率94%今年会更高。) 当然，原因是成本窜升，而票价仍然保持很低。如果票价上升太高，那就是一种不幸了，这是因为这样做就会赶走年轻的人， 而他们是斯特拉特福德最有吸引力的客户。他们到此完全是为了看戏，而不是观光。他们看上去几乎长相相似(他们来自世界各地)一一消瘦、棱角分明、面部 表情专注，穿着牛仔

49、裤，跟拉着拖鞋，吃着面包，晚上露宿在剧院外的石板上， 等着购买售票处早上10: 30开始销售的为露宿者提供的20个座位和80个站票。 大纲词和超纲词Part ThreeWhen prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and wer

50、e quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fi

51、sheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter ) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large pr

52、edators (animals that kill and eat other animals ) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In somelong-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technolo

53、gy has improved. Today's vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That meansa higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in c

54、atch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Someindividuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longli

55、ne fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr Myers and Dr Wormargue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future managementefforts must take into account. They believe the data support an

56、 idea current among marine biologists, that of the "shifting baseline". The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests

57、that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.11. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest thatA. large

58、 animal were vulnerable to the changing environment.B. small species survived as large animals disappeared.C. large sea animals may face the same threat today.D. Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones12. We can infer from Dr Myers and Dr. Worm ' s paper thatA. the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%.B. there are only ha