汽车专业英语(原书作者宋红英)

1、specialized english for automobileunit oneautomobile structurecontentsi. pre-questionsii. text explanationiii. exercisesvtypes of modern automobilesv1）cars v2）passenger cars v3）trucksv4）tractors and vehicle combination v5）special type vehiclev6）self-dumping carv7）farm vehicle v8) off-road vehiclei.

2、pre-questionsspecial vehicle cartractor truck passenger cars 2、with respect to engine arrangement and driving type engine arrangement and driving typediagramfront engine 、 front-wheel drive front engine 、 rear-wheel driverear engine、 rear-wheel drivei. pre-questionsvdo you know who built the first c

3、ar in the world and when?vkarl benzvin 1886i. pre-questionsv how many main parts does the automobile consist of? 1-engine2-chassis 3-body4-electrical systemi. pre-questionsvwhich is called the “ heart” of automobile?van engine that is used to supply power for an automobilevwhat is the chassis compos

4、ed of?vdriving system, running gear, steering system and brake system. i. pre-questionsdriving system brake systemsteering systemrunning geari. pre-questionsv what is the electrical system composed of?vthe electric system includes the battery, generator, starting system, ignition system, lighting sy

5、stem, horn system, radio and other devices.i. pre-questionsvwhat are the functions of the four systems?vdriving system works by transmitting engine power to the driving wheels. vsuspension systems function is to increase strength and durability of components and to meet customers requirements for ri

6、ding comfort and driving safety. vsteering system is used to control the driving direction of an automobile. v brake system is used to retard the motion of the vehicle. i. pre-questionsvin other words, any automobile is composed of the sections such as engine, chassis, body and electric system.vin o

7、ther words 换句话说换句话说vbe composed of 由由.组成组成v 译文：译文：换句话说，任何一辆汽车都是由发动机、换句话说，任何一辆汽车都是由发动机、底盘、车身和电器设备组成的。底盘、车身和电器设备组成的。 ii. text explanationvin other words v in other words, they remain relatively constant or static. 换句话说，它们相对的稳定、静止。换句话说，它们相对的稳定、静止。v in other words, we have adhered to scientific socialis

8、m. 也就是说，我们坚持了科学社会主义。也就是说，我们坚持了科学社会主义。 vbe composed ofv navy must be composed of surface ship unit and submarine unit. v 海军一定是由水面舰艇部队和潜艇部队组成。海军一定是由水面舰艇部队和潜艇部队组成。ii. text explanationvthe internal combustion engine burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion or “e

9、xplosion” into rotary force used to propel the vehicle.vthe internal combustion engine 内燃机内燃机vconvert .into.使转变使转变, 转换转换.vpropel vt.推进推进, 驱使驱使v译文：译文：内燃机在汽缸内燃烧燃料，然后把燃烧或者内燃机在汽缸内燃烧燃料，然后把燃烧或者“爆炸爆炸”所产生的膨胀力变成旋转力，用以推动车所产生的膨胀力变成旋转力，用以推动车辆前进。辆前进。 ii. text explanationvconvert .into.vthey converted the garage

10、into a theater. 他们将车库改成戏院。他们将车库改成戏院。 vconvert water into ice.v将水变成冰将水变成冰vconverting feet into meters.v将英尺换算成公尺将英尺换算成公尺ii. text explanationv brake system is a balanced set of mechanical and hydraulic devices used to retard the motion of the vehicle by means of friction.v hydraulic haidrlik adj. 液压的液压

11、的, 水力的水力的v retard ritd vt. 延迟延迟, 使减速使减速,阻碍阻碍v friction frikn n.摩擦摩擦, 摩擦力摩擦力v 译文：译文：制动系统是一套平衡的机械和液压设备，制动系统是一套平衡的机械和液压设备，它可通过摩擦来阻止车辆的运动。它可通过摩擦来阻止车辆的运动。ii. text explanationvby means of 用用.方式（方法），依靠方式（方法），依靠vthey succeeded by means of perseverance. v他们依靠坚忍不拔而获得成功。他们依靠坚忍不拔而获得成功。 vhe always goes to school

12、 by means of bike v他总是骑自行车上学他总是骑自行车上学 ii. text explanationii. text explanationu in 1956, the no. 1 auto plant was established in changchun, and turned out the first batch of liberation automobiles for our country. v establish vt.建立建立, 设立设立, 确定确定v turned out vt. 生产生产, 起床起床, 翻出翻出, 制造制造, 关掉关掉 v 译文：译文：在

13、在1956年，一汽在长春成立了，并且为我年，一汽在长春成立了，并且为我们国家生产出了第一批解放牌轿车。们国家生产出了第一批解放牌轿车。vturn out va vast crowd turned out to watch the match. v大群的观众到场观看比赛。大群的观众到场观看比赛。vif the day turns out wet we may have to change our plans. v万一下雨的话，我们也许得改变计划。万一下雨的话，我们也许得改变计划。ii. text explanation iii. exercisesu translate the followin

14、g expressions into chinese.vchassisvdriving systemvinternal combustion enginevsteering systemvbraking systemvclutchvgearboxvuniversal jointvpropeller shaftvgeneratoru底盘底盘u传动系统传动系统u内燃机内燃机u转向系统转向系统u制动系统制动系统u离合器离合器u变速箱变速箱u万向节万向节u驱动轴驱动轴u发电机发电机v identify the english names of clutch according to the pictu

15、re. iii. exercises1-engine; 2-clutch; 3-gearbox; 4-propeller shaft; 5-differential; 6-rear axlevthe motor vehicle engine is basically a device for converting the internal energy stored in its fuel into mechanical energy. it is classified as an internal combustion engine by virtue of this energy conv

16、ersion taking place within the engine cylinders . since the term ”energy” implies the capacity to perform work, the engine is thus able to propel the vehicle along the road and, within limits, overcome unwanted opposition to its motion arising from rolling friction and air drag. to facilitate this p

17、rocess the engine is combined with a transmission system. iii. exercisesvi. translate the following sentences into chinese.v in effect, the driving system works by transmitting engine power to the driving wheels.v 实际上，传动系统的作用是将发动机的动力传递到驱动车轮。实际上，传动系统的作用是将发动机的动力传递到驱动车轮。v the electric system supplies l

18、ighting and driving power for the automobile.v 电气系统可为汽车提供照明和驱动的电力。电气系统可为汽车提供照明和驱动的电力。v the body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle.v 车身的式样为汽车提供了诱人的，多彩的，现代的外观形象。车身的式样为汽车提供了诱人的，多彩的，现代的外观形象。 iii. exercisesv 汽车主要由四个部分组成，他们是：发动机、底盘、车汽车主要由四个部分组成，他们是：发动机、底盘、车身和电气设备。

19、身和电气设备。v an automobile is generally composed of four sections such as engine,chassis, body and electrical system.v 传动系由离合器、变速箱、传动轴、后桥、差速器、从传动系由离合器、变速箱、传动轴、后桥、差速器、从动轮组成。动轮组成。v the transmission system consists of clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, rear axle ,differential and the driving road wheels.。 i

20、ii. exercisesii. translate the following sentences into english.v气门机构的作用是及时地吸入新鲜的混合气和排气门机构的作用是及时地吸入新鲜的混合气和排出废气出废气vthe valve gear provides timely admission of the fresh charge into the cylinders and exhaust of spent gases from them. iii. exercisesspecialized english for automobilespecialized english

21、for automobileunit 2-1main components of engine contentspre-questionsii. text explanationiii. exercisesi. pre-questionsthe heart of automobilevwhat impression of the engine?complicated poweri. pre-questionsvwhat are there types of the engine?velectric motors, steam engines, and internal combustion e

22、ngines vwhats the internal combustion engine? vburns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle.i. pre-questionssingle-cylinder enginecylinderpistonpiston pinconnecting rodcrankshaftoil pipeintake valveexhaust valve timin

23、g gearoil pumpvwhat is the power source of automobile and how to produce?piston piston pin connecting rod crankshaft enginepower is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder. the connecting rod transmits the up-and-down motion of the piston to the crankshaft, which changes it into rota

24、ry motion. i. pre-questionsvthe engine comprises two mechanism and five systems, what are they ?v crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism, v valve gear, v cooling system, v lubricating system, v fuel system, v starting system, v ignition system i. pre-questionsconnecting rodflywheelcrankshaftpistoni

25、ntake valveexhaust valvepush rodtappettiming gears valve gear connecting rod engine cooling systemengine lubricating systemfuel supply systemvalve gearvwhats the function of the crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism?v its function is to convert heat energy into mechanical energy used to drive the

26、vehicles. i. pre-questionsvthe internal combustion engine, as its name indicates, burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle.v译文：译文：内燃机，内燃机，顾名思义顾名思义，就是燃料在气缸内部，就是燃料在气缸内部燃烧，并且把燃烧时的膨胀力转化为驱动车辆的燃烧，并且把燃烧时的膨胀力转化为驱动车辆的旋转力。旋

27、转力。ii. text explanationv of all automobile components, an automobile engine is the most complicated assembly with dominant effects on the function of an automobile. v complicated kmplikeitid v adj.复杂的复杂的, 难解的难解的v dominance dmnns n.优势优势, 统治统治v 译文：译文：汽车发动机是一切汽车部件中结构最复杂，汽车发动机是一切汽车部件中结构最复杂，对汽车功能起支配作用的一个

28、总成。对汽车功能起支配作用的一个总成。ii. text explanationvits function is to convert heat energy into mechanical energy used to drive the vehicles.vconvertinto. 转变；变换转变；变换v译文：译文：它的作用就是将热能转换成机械能用来驱它的作用就是将热能转换成机械能用来驱动汽车动汽车 。ii. text explanationv co.v 转变；变换转变；变换v that building has been converted into a school.

29、 v 那座楼房改成学校了。那座楼房改成学校了。v 兑换兑换 v i want to convert some hong kong dollars into american dollars. v 我想把一些港元换成美元。我想把一些港元换成美元。v 改变信仰、党派或意见等改变信仰、党派或意见等 v she managed to convert him to her opinion. v 她终于设法说服了他接受她的意见。她终于设法说服了他接受她的意见。ii. text explanationvpower is produced by the linear motion of a piston in

30、 a cylinder. v linear lini adj. 线的线的, 直线的直线的, 线线 性的性的v piston pistn n.活塞活塞ii. text explanationvthe piston attached to the top of a connecting rod by a pin, called a piston pin or wrist pin. v attach to v. 连接连接 vconnecting rod 连杆连杆 v piston pin = wrist pin 活塞销活塞销ii. text explanationvthe connecting ro

31、d transmits the up-and-down motion of the piston to the crankshaft, which changes it into rotary motion. vtransmitto 把把传到传到 vwhich changes it into rotary motion 定语从句定语从句ii. text explanationv diesel enginesv water pumpv the ignition distributorv oil panv timing gearv crankshaft and connecting rod mec

32、hanismv valve gearv fuel systemv exhaust pipev exhaust manifoldiii. exercisestranslate the following expressions into chinese.u柴油发动机u水泵u分电器u油底壳u正时齿轮u曲柄连杆机构u配气机构u燃油系统u排气管u排气歧管v 1-cylinder head cover v 2-pistonv 3-timing toothed beltv 4-water pumpv 5-oil panv 6-oil pumpv 7-crankshaftv 8-flywheelv 9-di

33、stributorv 10-valveiii. exercisesv the crankshaft represents the final link in the conversion of reciprocating motion at the piston to one of rotation at the flywheel. in the cast of the multi-cylinder engine, the crankshaft has to control the relative motions of the pistons, while receiving their o

34、wn impulses. a one-piece construction is most commonly used for the motor-vehicle crankshaft, which extends the whole length of the engine and must therefore possess considerable rigidity . iii. exercisesvthe timing-drive for the engine valve mechanism is taken from the front end of the crankshaft a

35、s is the pulley and belt drive for the engine auxiliaries, such as the cooling fan and the alternator for electrical system. attached to the rear end of the crankshaft is the engine flywheel .iii. exercisesvi. translate the following sentences into chinese.v 1engine is the power source of the automo

36、bile. power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder.v 发动机是汽车的动力源发动机是汽车的动力源.它通过汽缸内的活塞线性运动产生它通过汽缸内的活塞线性运动产生的的.v 2the fuel system works according to the requirements of the engine as it provides an air-fuel mixture which must be in proportion to the speed and load placed on the engin

37、e.v 燃油系统的作用是根据发动机的转速和负荷提供一定比例燃油系统的作用是根据发动机的转速和负荷提供一定比例的可燃混合气以满足发动机的需求。的可燃混合气以满足发动机的需求。iii. exercisesv3the valve gear provides timely admission of the fresh charge into the cylinders and exhaust of spent gases from them.v配气机构机构可定时的将新鲜气体充入气缸，并配气机构机构可定时的将新鲜气体充入气缸，并且将废气排放出去。且将废气排放出去。iii. exercisesv 1发动机

38、主要有两大机构五大系统组成。发动机主要有两大机构五大系统组成。v an engine is mainly composed of two mechanisms and five systems.v 2曲柄连杆机构主要包括机体组，活塞连杆组和曲轴飞曲柄连杆机构主要包括机体组，活塞连杆组和曲轴飞轮组。轮组。v the crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism mainly consists of the engine crankcase and cylinder block, the piston and connecting rod, the cranksh

39、aft and flywheel. iii. exercisesii. translate the following sentences into english.v 3水泵工作时，可以将冷却液在发动机水套中和散热器水泵工作时，可以将冷却液在发动机水套中和散热器之间来回流动。之间来回流动。vwhen revolving, the water pump circulates coolant between the engine water jackets and the radiator. iii. exercisesiii. exercisesv principle of four-stro

40、ke engine1、intake stroke 2、compress stroke 3、power stroke 4、exhaust stroke intake valveexhaustvalvespecialized english for automobilespecialized english for automobileunit 2-2 cylinder block and cylinder head contentsi. pre-questionsii. text explanationiii. exercisesengine bodycrankcasecylinder bloc

41、kcylinder headcylinderoil passage and water passageoil panthe cylinder gasket vwhat is the engine block comprised of? vthe cylinder section and the crankcase section i. pre-questionsthe cylindercrankcase i. pre-questionsvhow many types has the engine arrangement, what are they?in-line v-type horizon

42、tally opposed type vwhats the function and the material of the cylinder head? vfunction： seal the top the cylinder and form the combustion chamber with the piston and the cylinder vmaterial: grey iron or alloy iron aluminum i. pre-questionscylinder gasket cylinder headcylinder coverpadto fit spark p

43、lugi. pre-questionsvwhat types of the combustion chambers are there?i. pre-questionswedge-shaped basin-shaped hemispherical vthe engine block is the main supporting structure to which all other parts are attached directly or indirectly. vattached t tt vt 附上附上.的的vdirectly adv. 直接地直接地vindirectly adv.

44、间接地间接地v译文：气缸体是主要的支承部件，它可以将其它译文：气缸体是主要的支承部件，它可以将其它部件直接或间接的装配在上面。部件直接或间接的装配在上面。 ii. text explanation反义词反义词v the surfaces are machined to allow the pistons to move with minimum wear and friction. v allow vt 允许，承认允许，承认v allow sb. to do sth. v allow doing sth. v friction frikn n. 摩擦摩擦, 摩擦力摩擦力v 译文：译文：加工出的

45、表面允许活塞在最小磨损和摩擦力下运加工出的表面允许活塞在最小磨损和摩擦力下运动。动。 ii. text explanationvallow 使使成为可能，允许成为可能，允许v近义词：近义词：permitvthe windfall allowed me to buy a house. v这意外之财使我这意外之财使我得以得以购置一幢房子。购置一幢房子。 vallow me to introduce myself. v请请允许允许我自我介绍一下。我自我介绍一下。 ii. text explanationvwith the increased concern for providing higher

46、output and lower fuel consumption, car manufactures are trying to make the vehicle lighter.vconcern vt.涉及涉及, 关系到关系到 n.关心关心, 关注关注v concern for 对对.的关心的关心/忧虑忧虑 v concern with 和和.有关（一般用有关（一般用.+be concerned with.）v consumption n. 消费消费, 消费量消费量v译文：译文：随着对汽车产量和低燃耗的关注度越来越高，随着对汽车产量和低燃耗的关注度越来越高，汽车生产厂家尽量把汽车做的轻一些

47、。汽车生产厂家尽量把汽车做的轻一些。 ii. text explanationv concern vt. v 1. (不用被动语态不用被动语态)关于关于v 2. 涉及涉及,关系到关系到;影响到影响到the letter is chiefly concerned with export commodities. 这封信主要是关于出口商品的。这封信主要是关于出口商品的。 the news concerns your brother. 这消息与你兄弟有关。这消息与你兄弟有关。 v 3. 使担心使担心;使不安使不安 (+about/for)v the boys poor health concerne

48、d his parents. 那男孩健康状况不佳那男孩健康状况不佳,使他的父母亲忧虑。使他的父母亲忧虑。 he is concerned for her safety. 他担心她的安全。他担心她的安全。 v 4. 使关心使关心(+about/with)v he was very concerned about her. 他对她非常关心。他对她非常关心。 ii. text explanationvit should be paid attention to the direction when fixing.vto是介词是介词,所以后面接名词以及动名词所以后面接名词以及动名词. vpay att

49、ention to sth. / doing sth. v please pay attention to taking care of your baby. v 请注意照顾好你的小孩请注意照顾好你的小孩. v 译文：译文：应该注意装配时的方向。应该注意装配时的方向。 ii. text explanationcylinder gasketfunction ： fitted between the cylinder block and cylinder head to seal the area between them and prevent leakage of gas, oil and w

50、ater . pay attention to the direction when fixing ii. text explanationvin order to make the aluminum stronger and less likely to warp, certain materials are added to the metal or a steel liner placed in the block.vin order to 为了为了vwe started early in order to arrive before dark. v为了在天黑前到达为了在天黑前到达,我们

51、很早就动身了。我们很早就动身了。 ii. text explanationv warp w:p v n. 弯曲弯曲, 歪曲歪曲 vt. 弄歪弄歪, 使翘曲使翘曲 vi.变弯变弯, 变歪变歪v added tov incresed（本身）增加（本身）增加 v added to(别人，别的东西别人，别的东西)增加增加 v 译文：译文：为了使铝制材料强度更高，尽可能的减少为了使铝制材料强度更高，尽可能的减少弯曲变形，可加入一定的金属材料或者在缸体内弯曲变形，可加入一定的金属材料或者在缸体内镶钢缸套。镶钢缸套。区别区别 ii. text explanationv cylinder blockv cyl

52、inder head v oil panv cylinder gasketv cylinder linerv wedge-shaped combustion chamber v basin-shaped combustion chamberv in-line enginesv spark plugsv injectioniii. exercisestranslate the following expressions into chinese.v 气缸体气缸体v 气缸盖气缸盖 v 油底壳油底壳v 气缸垫气缸垫v 缸套缸套v 楔形燃烧室楔形燃烧室 v 盆形燃烧室盆形燃烧室v 直列发动机直列发动机

53、v 火花塞火花塞v 喷油器喷油器iii. exercises1- cylinder head cover; 2-cylinder head; 3- cylinder gasket; 4-cylinder block; 5- oil panvit has long since been established practice to combine the cylinder block and crankcase into a single unit, this generally being termed “monobloc” construction. the historical orig

54、ins of this form of construction date back to the early 1920s, when there was a general trend towards simplification of the engine structure. iii. exercisesvuntil then the cylinder block and crankcase were produced as separate units, in cast iron and aluminum alloy respectively, and then bolted toge

55、ther . in relation to modern engine design, the monobloc construction provides a very necessary rigid foundation for the engine and reduces manufacturing costs. iii. exercisesvi. translate the following sentences into chinese.v 1in order to make the aluminum stronger and less likely to warp, certain

56、 materials are added to the metal or a steel liner placed in the block.v 为了使铝制缸体刚度更强和尽可能的减少磨损，可将一些为了使铝制缸体刚度更强和尽可能的减少磨损，可将一些材料加入其中或者在缸体中安装缸套。材料加入其中或者在缸体中安装缸套。v 2the cylinder gaskets function is to seal the area between them and prevent leakage of gas, oil and water.v 气缸垫的作用就是密封缸盖与缸体之间的区域，避免漏气、气缸垫的作用就

57、是密封缸盖与缸体之间的区域，避免漏气、漏油和漏水。漏油和漏水。iii. exercisesv3the cylinders of multi-cylinder automotive engines are arranged in one of three ways.v多缸发动机的气缸排列方式是这三种形式之一。多缸发动机的气缸排列方式是这三种形式之一。iii. exercisesvii. translate the following sentences into english.v 1气缸垫安装时，要注意它的方向性。气缸垫安装时，要注意它的方向性。vit should be paid atten

58、tion to the direction when fixing the cylinder gasket .v 2铝制缸体为了提高它的刚度，常常要在气缸中安装缸铝制缸体为了提高它的刚度，常常要在气缸中安装缸套。套。vin order to make the aluminum stronger ,a steel liner often placed in the block.v3直列式是发动机中最简单的一种排列方式。直列式是发动机中最简单的一种排列方式。vin-line engine is the simplest arrangement.iii. exercisesspecialized e

59、nglish for automobilespecialized english for automobileunit 2-3piston and connecting rodcontentsi. pre-questionsii. text explanationiii. exercisesvwhat does the piston assembly consist of? vit mainly consists of piston, piston rings, piston pin, and connecting rod. i. pre-questionspistonpiston rings

60、piston pinconnecting rodi. pre-questionspistonpiston ringspiston pinconnecting rodfunction?vfunction:vtransmit the force of expansion to crankshaft through connecting rod vwithstanding gas pressure i. pre-questionscharacteristic lightrigidcylindrical shaped hollow i. pre-questionscylindrical shaped