大学英语精读第三册Unit 10 the fantastic spurt in technology

1、 Directions: What will occur to you whenever we mention the word “technology”? Write down as many words as possible.Word Webspacecraft rocket planesrobotsComputer and internetadvanced medical equipmentsSmart phonesgenetically modified food (转基因产品转基因产品)Symbols of technology About less than a century

2、ago/in the early twentieth century, what is the classic symbol of technology? Smoky steel mills/factories Noisy machines Assembly line The invention of television Etc.The first television and the first colored television in the world1954Symbols of technology in the 21st century Televisionbut smarter

3、 Computer & InternetSymbols of technology in the 21st centurySymbols of technology in the 21st centurysmart phones have more advanced computing capability and connectivity. High-speed data access is provided by Wi-Fi, mobile broadband (移动宽带移动宽带) and Bluetooth. Symbols of technology in the 21st c

4、enturyRobotsA robot is playing chess with a human being.A robot with a human-like head can speak, sing with human voiceand facial expression, being able to do a lot of tasks.Dean of a Sculpture Institute in Xian sitting with a robot which resembles him and is invented with the prototype of him. It c

5、an speak, smile and winkSymbols of technology in the 21st century3D printing-described as the “future of manufacturing”It is used in a variety of industries including jewelry, footwear, industrial design, architecture,engineering and construction, aerospace, and medical industries, education, etc. G

6、oogle glassGoogles wearable computer. An evolution of the smartphone. It allows you to use verbal commands to browse the internet, take pictures, send messages and more. Symbols of technology in the 21st century Flying cars are now a reality set to launch in 2015. These cars will go on sale in 2015.

7、 Symbols of technology in the 21st centuryand more.1. What does technology mean to us?2. What changes have taken place in our life with the advancement of technology? 3. What will life be like in 50 years?Watch the video clip “ the world in 50 years” Group DiscussionIs the advancement of technology

8、always a good thing?advantagesdisadvantages Technology shortens the distance between people and makes communication much easier. eg. Internet Modern means of transportation, such as airplanes and high-speed trains make our journey smoother and faster. Modern medicine prolongs our life and relieves p

9、atients from pain. technology expands our vision of the world. Weapons of mass destruction have been invented and used in wars in which large numbers of innocent people have been killed. the irrational invasion of nature and the unlimited exploitation of natural resources the abuse of technological

10、inventions for evil purposes, eg. online banking theft, video game violence 工艺技术上不可思议的突飞猛进工艺技术上不可思议的突飞猛进spurt: n. a short sudden increase of activity, effort or speed; burst. 猛增；突然加速；迸发猛增；突然加速；迸发 Part Division Part I People may have inadequate and misleading ideas on technology and the need to chang

11、e their views. Part II Our times have witnessed a great leap forward in technology. Part III Technology feeds on itself. Paras. 1-2 Paras. 3-6Paras. 7-11 Alvin Toffler writes about the fact that technology is advancing much faster today than ever before in history. The symbols of technology are no l

12、onger the factory smokestack or the assembly line. As we head into the future, the pace will quicken still further. Assembly Line The assembly line is a system of manufacturing in which each worker performs a specialized operation on an unfinished product as it is moved past his or her station by a

13、conveyor.(流水装配线流水装配线)Read Paras. 1-2 and answer the following questions. What are the old symbols of technology? Do these symbols truly represent modern technology? Why or why not? Smoky steel mills or noisy machines. 2) Assembly lines or blast furnaces (鼓风炉鼓风炉).No. they are inadequate and misleadin

14、g. Technology has always been more than factories and machines. 2) Technology includes techniques, or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them.1) 3) In most of the new industries, quiet and clean surroundings are characteristic.1. To most people the t

15、erm technology conjures up images of smoky steel mills or noisy machines. Perhaps the classic representation of technology is still the assembly line created by Henry Ford half a century ago and made into a social symbol by Charlie Chaplin in Modern Times. This symbol, however, has always been inade

16、quate and misleading, for technology has always been more than factories and machines. The invention of the horse collar in the middle ages led to major changes in agricultural methods and was as much a technological advance as the invention of the Bessemer furnace centuries later. Moreover, technol

17、ogy includes techniques, or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them. It includes ways to make chemical reactions occur, ways to breed fish, plant forests, light theaters, count votes or teach history.选票统计选票统计养鱼养鱼造林造林剧院照明剧院照明2. The old symbols of tech

18、nology are even more misleading today, when the most advanced technological processes are carried out far from assembly lines or blast furnaces. Indeed, in electronics, in space technology, in most of the new industries, quiet and clean surroundings are characteristic even sometimes essential. And t

19、he assembly line the organization of large numbers of men to carry out simple repetitive functions is outdated. It is time for our symbols of technology to change to catch up with the quickening changes in technology itself.在今天，最先进的技术工艺是在流水作业线或鼓风炉的操作截然不同。因而，在今天，最先进的技术工艺是在流水作业线或鼓风炉的操作截然不同。因而，旧的技术象征就会

20、使人产生误解。的确，安静和洁净的工作环境是电子技术，旧的技术象征就会使人产生误解。的确，安静和洁净的工作环境是电子技术，太空技术以及大部分新工业的特点太空技术以及大部分新工业的特点-甚至有时是非要不可的。而且，流水作甚至有时是非要不可的。而且，流水作业线业线-大批的人重复进行简单操作的这种组织大批的人重复进行简单操作的这种组织-已经过时。是我们改变已经过时。是我们改变技术象征的时候了技术象征的时候了-只有这样，才能跟上技术本身加速变化的步伐。只有这样，才能跟上技术本身加速变化的步伐。It is (about / high) time for sb. to do sth.It is (about

21、 / high) time sb. did sth. e.g. Its high time man controlled the increasing population.Questions: What is the characteristic of the new industries?1. What is outdated?1. 不可思议的突飞猛进不可思议的突飞猛进2. 联想到联想到 3. 流水装配线流水装配线4. 使使成为社会象征成为社会象征5. 中世纪中世纪6. 典型的代表典型的代表7. 养鱼养鱼8. 造林造林fantastic spurtconjure upassembly li

22、nemake into a social symbolthe middle agesclassic representationbreed fishplant forestsUseful Expressions of Para. 19. 技术进步技术进步10. 选票统计选票统计technological advancecount votesCharlie Chaplin (18891977): motion-picture actor, director, and producer Charlie Chaplin was a superstar of silent comedies and o

23、ne of the greatest icons of the 20th-century film. He was born on 16 April,1889 in London and died on 25 December,1977 in Corsier-sur-Vevey in Switzerland. His best-known films include The Gold Rush (1925), City Lights (1931), Modern Times (1936), The Great Dictator (1940), Limelight (1952 ) and A K

24、ing in New York (1957).1. Henry Ford Henry Ford (18631947): American automobile designer and manufacturerJuly 30, 1863Being born on a farm near Dearborn, Michigan, U.S.A.1879 Obtaining his first job, as an apprentice machinist1896 Completing his first working model of an automobile. June 16, 1903 Fo

25、unding the Ford Motor Company in Detroit October 7, 1913 Introducing the assembly line method of manufacturing autos1914 Announcing his plan to share the Ford Motor Companys profits with workers, paying them $5.00 for an eight-hour dayBy 1915 His company selling almost half of all the automobiles pr

26、oduced in the U.S.A.April 7, 1947 He died in Dearborn, Michigan, U.S.A.To most people the term technology conjures up images of smoky steel mills or noisy machines:The word technology causes most people to think of smoky steel factories or noisy machines.conjure up: cause sth to appear in the mind.

27、使联想起Eg:他常常回忆自己童年时的情景。He often conjured up visions of his childhood.A horse collar is a device used to distribute load around a horses neck, for pulling a wagon or plow. The horse collar was invented by 100 BC in China, and spread to Europe round the 8th or 9th century.（马轭）inadequate: a. not enough;

28、insufficient; 不充足的；不适当的不充足的；不适当的e.g. One of the problems facing the new mayor is the inadequate water supply of the city. Without any experience in teaching, I was inadequate for the job. surroundings: n. the objects, buildings, natural things, etc. that are around a person or thing at a particular

29、time surroundings & environment 这两个名词均含“环境”之意。 surroundings: When you are describing the place where you are at the moment, or the place where you live, you can refer to it as your surroundings. 指人所在的周围地区或事物。它有两个特点：1）只指具体的物质的东西；2）一定要用复数。 environment: is all the circumstances, people, things, and

30、 events around them that influence their life. 强调指对人的感情、品德思想等产生影响的环境。 characteristic: adj. very typical of a particular thing or of someones characterEg: 信息时代的典型现象是广泛使用计算机。The wide use of computers is characteristic of the Information Age.be characteristic of: 是的特点点Eg: 你认为贪婪和不诚实是所有商人的特征吗？ Do you bel

31、ieve that greed and dishonesty are characteristic of all businessmen? Pattern: n. 特征，特色，特性特征，特色，特性Eg: Some animals possess the characteristic of man. 有些动物具有人类的特征。有些动物具有人类的特征。mislead: If you say that someone or something has misled you, you mean that they have made you believe something that is not t

32、rue, either by telling you a lie or by giving you a wrong idea or impression. 使做错事； 引入歧途He is a good boy, but bad companions misled him.他是个好孩子，但坏伙伴把他带坏了。misunderstand；misuse；misfortunemisleading : adj. likely to make sb. believe sth. that is not true 我父亲从不相信广告。他认为大多数广告都是误导的。My father never believes

33、in advertisements. He thinks most of them are misleading. The Bessemer Furnace It is a furnace for making steel by blasting compressed air through molten iron, burning out excess carbon and other impurities. It was named after Sir Henry Bessemer (1813 1898), a British metallurgist (冶金学家冶金学家) and inv

34、entor. The Bessemer process increased steel production and greatly lowered its cost.贝西默鼓风炉贝西默鼓风炉Progress in Transportation TimeMeans of TransportSpeed (mph)6000 BCcamel caravanaveraging 8about 1600 BCchariotabout 201784mail coachaveraging 101825first steam locomotive131825great sailing ship6.51880sm

35、ore advanced steam locomotive1001938airplanemore than 4001958airplane1960srocket plane4,0001960sspaceship18,000more than 800Part II Paras. 3-6 Our times have witnessed a great leap forward in technology.3. This acceleration is frequently dramatized by a brief account of the progress in transportatio

36、n. It has been pointed out, for example, that in 6000 BC the fastest transportation available to man over long distances was the camel caravan, averaging eight miles per hour (mph). It was not until about 1600 BC when the chariot was invented that the maximum speed was raised to roughly twenty miles

37、 per hour.4. So impressive was this invention, so difficult was it to exceed this speed limit, that nearly 3,500 years later, when the first mail coach began operating in England in 1784, it averaged a mere ten mph. The first steam locomotive, introduced in 1825, could have a top speed of only thirt

38、een mph and the great sailing ships of the time labored along at less than half that speed. It was probably not until the 1880s that man, with the help of a more advanced steam locomotive, managed to reach a speed of one hundred mph. It took the human race millions of years to attain that record.lab

39、our along: 费力地前进费力地前进简要地回顾一下交通发展史，工艺技术的这种加速变简要地回顾一下交通发展史，工艺技术的这种加速变化往往便可得到生动形象的说明。化往往便可得到生动形象的说明。5. It took only fifty-eight years, however, to go four times that fast, so that by 1938 men in airplanes were traveling at better than 400 mph. It took a mere twenty-year flick of time to double the limi

40、t again. And by the 1960s rocket planes approached speeds of 4,000 mph. and men in space capsules were circling the earth at 18,000 mph. 6. Whether we examine distances traveled, altitudes reached, or minerals mined, the same accelerative trend is obvious. The pattern, here and in a thousand other s

41、tatistical series, is absolutely clear and unmistakable. Thousands of years go by, and then, in our own times, a sudden bursting of the limits, a fantastic spurt forward.mine the minerals: 开采矿产开采矿产accelerate: v. If the process or rate of something accelerates or if something accelerates it, it gets

42、faster and faster. 使加速使加速; 加速加速 Eg: Growth will accelerate to 2.9 percent next year.增长明年将加快到2.9%。n. accelerationadj. accelerative政府采取了有效措施来加速经济的发展速度。政府采取了有效措施来加速经济的发展速度。The government has taken effective measures to accelerate the rate of economic growth. Camel Caravan Using pack animals to haul (拉拉

43、) people and goods is still a typical mode of transportation in some parts of the world. A chariot is a vehicle with two wheels pulled by a horse, used in ancient times in battles and races.Locomotive A locomotive is a railway engine that runs on rails and is self-propelled by any of several forms o

44、f energy for the purpose of moving railroad cars.A space capsule is an often manned spacecraft which has a simple shape for the main section, without any wings or other features to create lift during atmospheric reentry (返回大气层返回大气层). dramatize vt. 1) change (a book, a story, etc.) into the form of a

45、 play 把（小说、故事等）改编为剧本e.g. Soon after Ba Jin published his novel Family, it was dramatized by his friend Cao Yu. And the play proved as much a success as the novel. 2) to show or express in a dramatic (exciting, interesting, colorful, vivid, impressive) way 把把 戏剧化，演戏似表现戏剧化，演戏似表现 e.g. hey have a tenden

46、cy to show off, to dramatize almost every situation. 他们有一种炫耀的倾向他们有一种炫耀的倾向,几乎任何情况都要大肆渲染一番。几乎任何情况都要大肆渲染一番。 The suffix “-ize” (-ise) is added to nouns of adjectives to form verbs with the meaning of “make (into)”; “(cause) to become” 使成为；使像；使变成使成为；使像；使变成 P 250 Ex. IVaccount: n. a written or spoken repo

47、rt; description 报道，叙述，描写报道，叙述，描写e.g. He gave us a detailed account of what had happened at the meeting a week ago. take sth. into account: 考虑；重视考虑；重视 (take sth. into consideration)on account of: 因为，由于因为，由于on no account 决不决不account v. account for: 解释，说明；（指数量等）占解释，说明；（指数量等）占Eg: Eg: Students account fo

48、r 50% of our customers. available: adj. sth. that is available is able to be used or can easily be bought or foundIm afraid my bicycle is not available; it is being repaired.今晚音乐会的票买不到了。There are no tickets available for tonights concert.be available 若以人做主语时，为“有空的，不忙碌的”He is not available for the jo

49、b. b) available一般作表语，不作定语；若要修饰名词时，通常放在所修饰的名词之后。 This is the only reference book available here.这是这里能得到的唯一的一本参考书。 exceed: v. be more or greater than; do more than; go beyondThe temperature in this region never exceeds 30 degrees.exceed ones expectation 出乎某人的预料出乎某人的预料exceed in sth. 在在方面领先，超方面领先，超过过go

50、by: (of time) pass 走过，过去走过，过去e.g. Time goes by quickly. It is more than a year since we entered the university. Nearly a decade went by before they met again in their hometown. Thousands of years go by, and then, in our own times, a sudden bursting of the limits, a fantastic spurt forward.Thousands

51、of years have passed, during which progress in technology has been slow or insignificant, and then, all of a sudden, in our own times, the limits (of speed, flying altitude, etc.) have been broken, and man has made a big leap forward in technology.然后，到了我们的时代，一切极限突然统统被打破，出现了不然后，到了我们的时代，一切极限突然统统被打破，出现

52、了不可思议的突飞猛进。可思议的突飞猛进。In Great Britain, the mail coach or post coach was a horse-drawn carriage that carried mail deliveries, from 1784. The coach was drawn by four horses and had seating for four passengers inside. So impressive was this invention, so difficult was it to exceed this speed limit, that

53、 nearly 3,500 years later, when the first mail coach began operating in England in 1784, it averaged a mere ten mph.当当“so/such . that .”结构中的结构中的so, such连同它所直接修饰的成分共同位于连同它所直接修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，句首表示强调时， 主句要进行倒装主句要进行倒装(that后面的结果状语从句不倒装后面的结果状语从句不倒装)。Eg: 1) So angry was he that he couldnt speak. 他愤怒得一句话也说不

54、出来。他愤怒得一句话也说不出来。2) To such an extent do the parents love their son that they have tried to satisfy every demand of his. 父母俩爱子爱到了如此程度，父母俩爱子爱到了如此程度， 以至于尽量满足他的任何要求。以至于尽量满足他的任何要求。(to such放于句首，放于句首， 主句呈现部分倒装的形式主句呈现部分倒装的形式) So difficult _ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. A.

55、 I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I foundExercise VI Structure P252 So absurd was his manner that everyone stared at him. 3. So forcefully did he speak at the meeting that everyone present was convinced. labor alongattain the recorda mere twenty-year flick of timeUseful Expressions o

56、f Paras. 2-6 最先进的工艺流程最先进的工艺流程 加速变化加速变化 简要描述简要描述 最高速度最高速度 超过限速超过限速 蒸汽机车蒸汽机车 艰难地航行艰难地航行 达到记录达到记录 20年瞬息功夫年瞬息功夫the most advanced technological processquickening changesa brief account ofmaximum speedexceed the speed limita steam locomotiveFill in the blanks with the information from Paras.7-11.Blank Fil

57、ling for Part IIIDirections: Technological invention consists of . They are . 2. Technology is advancing much more quickly than before because . 3. The time between the stages of idea and application is much shorter now than it was in the ancient times because .4. The author uses the examples of “re

58、frigerator” and “television” to show . that nowadays the time between application and diffusion has been shortened and three stages _the creative idea,its practical application and its diffusion or spread through society_now the time between each step in this cycle has been much shortened_all kinds

59、of social devices have beenInvented to speed up the process_the pace of diffusion is rising rapidly_7. The reason for this is that technology feeds on itself. Technology makes more technology possible, as we can see if we look for a moment at the process of innovation. Technological innovation consi

60、sts of three stages, linked together into a self-reinforcing cycle. First, there is the creative, feasible idea. Second, its practical application. Third, its diffusion through society.8. The process is completed, the loop closed, when the diffusion of technology embodying the new idea, in turn, helps gener