新编大学英语unit4

1、Unit 4 Friends and FriendshipDefinition of friendship?Friendship is like Read the following poetry and offer your definition of friendship or friends.Friendship is like .thatEnjoy the song and fill in the blanks!Little faith_ a rainy day Life is difficult; you cant go away Dont _ yourself in the cor

2、ner You have my place to _ _ is gonna say goodbye Opens up youll see the happy sunshineKeep going on with your _ Chasing tomorrows sunrise The _ can never die Sun will shine, my friend Wont let you cry, my dear Seeing you _ a tear Make my world disappear Youll never be alone in _See my smile, my fri

3、end We are with you, _ hands You have got to believe, you are my _Were meant to be your friends Thats what a friend should beEnjoy the song and fill in the blanks!Little faith_ a rainy day Life is difficult; you cant go away Dont _ yourself in the corner You have my place to _ _ is gonna say goodbye

4、 Opens up youll see the happy sunshineKeep going on with your _ Chasing tomorrows sunrise The _ can never die Sun will shine, my friend Wont let you cry, my dear Seeing you _ a tear Make my world _ Youll never be alone in _See my _, my friend We are with you, _ hands You have got to believe, you are

5、 my _Were meant to be your friends Thats what a friend should bebrightenshidestaySorrowdreamspiritsheddisappeardarknesssmileholdingdestinyProverbs on friendship1. The best of friends must part 天下没有不散的宴席/好友终有分手时。2. A friend to everybody is a friend to nobody 友多无好友。3. A friend that frowns is better th

6、an a smiling enemy 朋友向你皱眉胜过敌人向你微笑。4. Friendship cannot always stand on one side 友谊是双方的事。管鲍之交管鲍之交friendship between people who are ready to cut their throat or die for each other/ David and Jonathan刎颈之交刎颈之交/ /生死之交生死之交friends in need患难之交患难之交Friendship between very close friends who understand each oth

7、er and recommend each other at the sacrifice of their own interests. bosom friends莫逆之交莫逆之交friends贫贱之交贫贱之交friendship between villains小人之交小人之交friendship between gentlemen 君子之交君子之交friendship between people who are poverty-stricken and from humble circumstances.friendship between generations/ cross-gene

8、rational friendship忘年交忘年交friends管鲍之交管鲍之交 管仲管仲夷吾者，颍上人也。少时常与鲍叔牙鲍叔牙游，鲍叔知其贤。管仲贫困，常欺鲍叔，鲍叔终善遇之，不以为言。已而鲍叔事齐公子小白公子小白，管仲事公子纠。及小白立为桓公，公子纠死，管仲囚焉。鲍叔遂进管仲。管仲既用，任政于齐，齐桓公齐桓公以霸，九合诸侯，一匡天下，管仲之谋也。 管仲曰：“吾始困时，尝与鲍叔贾，分财利多自与，鲍叔不以我为贪，知我贫也；吾尝为鲍叔谋事而更穷困，鲍叔不以我为愚，知时有利不利也；吾尝三仕三见逐于于君君，鲍叔不以我为不肖，知我不遭时不遭时也；吾尝三战三走，鲍叔不以我为怯，知我有老母也；公子纠败，召

9、忽死之，吾幽囚受辱，鲍叔不以我为无耻，知我不羞小节而耻功名不显于天下也。生我者父母，知我者鲍子也知我者鲍子也。” 鲍叔牙既荐管仲，而位居管仲之下。天下不多管仲之贤而多鲍叔牙能知人也。 David and JonathanDavid and Jonathan解作十分要好的好朋友，情同手足，可以共生死解作十分要好的好朋友，情同手足，可以共生死患难，甚至为对方牺牲生命。患难，甚至为对方牺牲生命。例句：例句：1. Even though they came from very different ethnic backgrounds, they are like David and Jonathan.

10、2. They were thought by many to be David and Jonathan, but one of them had betrayed the other, causing him to lose all his has. Talk about your friends! Each group send a representative to describe one of the best friends that you all know. Detailed descriptions are expected, such as his/her appeara

11、nce, temperament, hobbies and some of his/her stories, what do you usually do together, and what makes you like him/her so much. Possibility of Pure Friendship Between a Male and a Female Work in groups to discuss the following question and report the result of your group discussion to the class. Is

12、 there pure friendship between a male and a female?Unit 4 book 5Directions: choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.1) The biggest problem when two people from different countries meet is_ . A. a lack of appreciation of friendship B. a misunderstanding of what friendship i

13、s C. different expectations of friendship D. peoples different evaluation of friendship2) In Europe, friendship_ . A. is more casual than other relationships B. has more personal involvement C. can be applied to many relationships D. is superficial3) Which of the following is false about friendship

14、in America? A. Its intensity varies. B. It is used in a broader sense. C. It is used only to refer to very intimate friends. D. Its subtle difference is unclear to Europeans.4) Which of the following is not an example to explain the word “compartmentalized”? A. Friends who are never introduced to th

15、e family. B. Friends who play chess together for thirty years without talking about politics. C. Friends who talk about politics but never about personal life. D. Friends who spend evenings with your children or your grandmother.5) Young German friends spend time together because they_. A. want to h

16、elp each other cope with school and family life B. want to make themselves more intelligent C. cannot get enough love from school or family D. hope to show deep feelings towards each other6) Young Germans find it hard to make friends in America because they think friendship_ .A. is much more a matte

17、r of feelingB. is more flexible in different situationsC. is tentativeD. exists only between the same sex7) English friendship is based mainly on_ . A. the family circle B. the shared viewpoints C. common interests D. shared activity8) The article is mainly about _ . A. the fact that Americans are e

18、asier to make friends with B. the different concepts of friendship in different countries C. people all over the world who value friendship D. what real friends mean in a German senseSummary of the Text Surely in every country people _ friendship. The difficulty when strangers from two countries mee

19、t is not a lack of _of friendship, but different _about what constitutes friendship and how it comes into being. There is the _that friendship implies freedom of_. A friend is someone who chooses and is chosen. And between friends there is a kind of _of give-and-take. These _make the bridge between

20、societies possible. valueappreciationexpectationsrecognitionchoiceequalitysimilarities1. Text Structure: 1). Introduction (para 1-2) In every country, people value friendship, but people had different expectations about what constituents friendship and how it comes into being. 2). Different styles o

21、f friendship in France, Germany, England and America (para 3-9)3). Conclusion: There are shared features of friendship in different countries (para 10)文章的作者在文中阐述了德国、英国、法国人对待友谊的观点，是文章的作者在文中阐述了德国、英国、法国人对待友谊的观点，是同他们的生活的方式、风俗习惯和文化背景紧密联系在一起的。由同他们的生活的方式、风俗习惯和文化背景紧密联系在一起的。由于美国人把朋友的定义扩大，所以他们可以接受不同风格的友谊。于美国人

22、把朋友的定义扩大，所以他们可以接受不同风格的友谊。在文中最后作者说明不管风格怎么不同，但是有一个共性，都有选在文中最后作者说明不管风格怎么不同，但是有一个共性，都有选择朋友的自由。择朋友的自由。文章开篇点题，每个国度的人们都珍视友谊，为下文的展开论述埋文章开篇点题，每个国度的人们都珍视友谊，为下文的展开论述埋下了伏笔。接着作者用事例对比说明了友谊在不同国家有着不同的下了伏笔。接着作者用事例对比说明了友谊在不同国家有着不同的涵义。文章条理清晰，使人一目了然。最后总结无论哪个国家，友涵义。文章条理清晰，使人一目了然。最后总结无论哪个国家，友谊都有共同之处。整篇结构严谨，论据充分，层次清楚。作者以独

23、谊都有共同之处。整篇结构严谨，论据充分，层次清楚。作者以独特的视角剖析了我们日常生活中必不可缺少的友谊。给人耳目一新特的视角剖析了我们日常生活中必不可缺少的友谊。给人耳目一新的感觉，值得一读。的感觉，值得一读。Countrydistinguishing featuressupporting evidenceshared featuresFrance1)basically between men1)Women cant be friends or “its a different thing.” 1)Friendship is related to a whole way of life. 2)

24、All people value friendship. 3)Friendship invokes freedom of choice.2) The kind of friendship within a groupmen and women who have worked together for a long time is not friendship in French eyes.Friendship in France(1) Friendship in France(2)Countrydistinguishing featuressupporting evidenceshared f

25、eaturesFranceFriends draw out each others best qualities.1)Friendshipis related to a whole way of life.2)All people value friendship.3)FriendshipInvokes freedom of choice.3)2)Friendships are not made part of family life.2)A one to one relationship that demands a keen awareness of the other persons i

26、ntellect, temperament and particular interests.Compartmentalized1)Different friends fill different niches in each persons life.Friendship in GermanyCountrydistingu-ishing featuressupporting evidenceshared featuresGermany1) Friendship is related to a whole way of life.2) All people value friendship3)

27、 Friendship invokes freedom of choice.2) Friends are devoted to each other like brothers or sisters.3)More distinctly a matter of feelingAdolescents, boys and girls, form deeply sentimental attachments, walk and talk together to share their hopes and fears and dreams. Deep disagreement on any subjec

28、t that matters to both is regarded as a tragedy. Friendship in EnglandCountrydistingu-ishing featuressupporting evidenceshared featuresEnglandbased on shared activity1) 1)Friendship is related to a whole way of life. 2)All people value friendship 3)Friendship invokes freedom of choice.2) Friendship

29、can be picked up where it has been left off as if in the course of dancing.3) Friendship wont be hurt or destroyed by differences of viewpoints or feelings. In the midst of activities, people fall into stepsometimes two men or two women, sometimes two couples, sometimes three people. Friendship in A

30、merica Countrydistinguishing featuressupporting evidenceshared featuresAmerica may be superficial, casual, situational or deep and enduring1)Friendship involves little personal commitment. 1)Friendship is related to a whole way of life. 2)All people value friendship 3)Friendship invokes freedom of c

31、hoice.2)Friendship can be picked up where it has been left off as if in the course of dancing.3)Friendship wont be hurt or destroyed by differences of viewpoints or feelings. based on shared activity basically between the same sex, draws out each others best qualities and is compartmentalized Adoles

32、cents form deeply sentimental attachments, to share their hopes and fears and dreams, to form a common front against the world of school and family and are devoted to each other like brothers or sisters. may be superficial, casual, situational or deep and enduring.Directions: The following sentences

33、 reflect different viewpoints on friendship. Which part is most like yours and which part you prefer?Words for todayP148Language Points 3. not so much as 4. not necessarily as a result ofbut instead as a result of 5.倒装句倒装句The difficulty when strangers from two countries meet is not a lack of appreci

34、ation of friendship, but expectations about what constitutes friendship and how it comes into being. (Line 6)not but :表示表示不是不是 而是而是。你买错了衬衫你买错了衬衫. . 我要的不是红色的我要的不是红色的; ; 而是蓝色的。而是蓝色的。 Youve bought the wrong shirt. Its not the red one I wanted but the blue one. 他妈妈不会去那儿，而是他爸爸去。他妈妈不会去那儿，而是他爸爸去。His mother

35、 wont be there, but his father might.确切地说他不是撒谎，而是有点夸张。确切地说他不是撒谎，而是有点夸张。It isnt that he lied exactly, but he did tend to exaggerate. cf. Note: “consist of ” has no passive voice.2) 3) 该委员会的该委员会的建立建立不合规定不合规定, , 因而没有合因而没有合法的权力法的权力. . The committee had been improperly constituted, and therefore had no l

36、egal power. someone 后有两个定语从句来修饰，一个由后有两个定语从句来修饰，一个由who引导，另一个由引导，另一个由with whom引导引导。 . use sth. 使用使用; 利用利用; 运用运用我们这一项目自始至终都我们这一项目自始至终都借助借助她的经验她的经验. . 我只好我只好动用动用我的储蓄我的储蓄. . 朋友是这样的人：他会使你充分发挥你的最佳品朋友是这样的人：他会使你充分发挥你的最佳品质，跟他在一起你会生气勃勃，并能把加深相互质，跟他在一起你会生气勃勃，并能把加深相互间友谊的一切表现得更加出色。你的政治思想更间友谊的一切表现得更加出色。你的政治思想更加深邃，对

37、戏剧的鉴赏力更加敏锐，品评美食美加深邃，对戏剧的鉴赏力更加敏锐，品评美食美酒的能力更强，从运动中得到的乐趣更多。酒的能力更强，从运动中得到的乐趣更多。句中，句中，“boys and girls” 是是 “adolescent”的同位的同位语。语。The defendant, a woman of thirty, denies kicking the policeman. Paris, the capital of France, is known as the most romantic city in the world. 琳达琳达与其说是与其说是老师还老师还不如说是不如说是个姐姐。个姐姐。

38、not necessarily as a result ofbut instead as a result of 意为意为“不一定是因不一定是因为为而是由于而是由于”。in/out of step (with sb/sth) conforming/not conforming to what others are doing or thinking 与他人谐调/不谐调 他同现代思想他同现代思想不合拍不合拍。. 英国人友谊的中断英国人友谊的中断不一定是因为不一定是因为观点上产生了观点上产生了不可调和的分歧或者感情上出现了无法弥补的不可调和的分歧或者感情上出现了无法弥补的裂痕，裂痕，而是由于而是由

39、于相互误解的结果。当一方对另相互误解的结果。当一方对另一方的想法、感情或者行为产生了严重的误解一方的想法、感情或者行为产生了严重的误解时，他们就会突然时，他们就会突然失和失和。 5. Your political philosophy assumes more depth, appreciation of a play becomes sharper, taste in food or wine is accentuated, enjoyment of a sport is intensified.你的政治哲理更加深邃，对戏剧的鉴赏力更你的政治哲理更加深邃，对戏剧的鉴赏力更加敏锐，鉴赏食物与葡

40、萄酒的能力更强，从加敏锐，鉴赏食物与葡萄酒的能力更强，从运动中得到的乐趣更多。运动中得到的乐趣更多。assume 在本句中表示在本句中表示“开始具有开始具有的特质的特质”。Has, take on6.Between French friends, who have chosen each other because they have similar points of view, lively disagreement and sharpness of argument are the breath of life. 法国人之所以成为朋友是因为彼此观点相近，法国人之所以成为朋友是因为彼此观点

41、相近，朋友间思维活跃的争论和敏锐的论点则是维朋友间思维活跃的争论和敏锐的论点则是维持其友谊所必不可少的。持其友谊所必不可少的。the breath of life 生命中不可缺少的东西生命中不可缺少的东西7.We view friendship more tentatively, subject tochanges in intensity as people move, change theirjobs, marry, or discover new interests.相比之下，我们把友谊看作是暂时性的，其热相比之下，我们把友谊看作是暂时性的，其热情会随着人们搬迁、工作变动、结婚或兴趣的情

42、会随着人们搬迁、工作变动、结婚或兴趣的变化而变化变化而变化.本句中本句中 subject to change 主语指的是指的是 friendship subject to 易受易受的影响的影响The price is subject to change. /Islands aretyphoons.We subjected the little baby to separation from his parents. 8.English friendships are formed outside the family circle, but they are not, as in German

43、y, complementary to the family nor are they, as in France, separated from the family. 英国人的友谊是在家庭以外形成的。这种友谊英国人的友谊是在家庭以外形成的。这种友谊既不像德国那样已经与家庭生活结合在一起，既不像德国那样已经与家庭生活结合在一起，却也不像法国那样于家庭毫不相干。却也不像法国那样于家庭毫不相干。nor 置于句首时后面要用倒装语序。置于句首时后面要用倒装语序。9.Related to this is the sense each friend gives the other of being a

44、special individual, on whatever grounds this recognition is based.正因为是这样，每个朋友都使对方觉得他非同正因为是这样，每个朋友都使对方觉得他非同一般，不管这种认识的依据是什么。一般，不管这种认识的依据是什么。 Related to this is 放在句首，是为了防止使句放在句首，是为了防止使句子头重脚轻。因为如果按照正常语序则子头重脚轻。因为如果按照正常语序则主语过长。主语过长。10.These similarities make the bridge between societies possible, and the

45、Americans characteristic openness to different styles of relationships makes it possible for him to find new friends abroad with whom he feels at home.这些共同之处使得社会与社会之间的沟通成为这些共同之处使得社会与社会之间的沟通成为可能，而美国人能够接受不同风格的友情，这可能，而美国人能够接受不同风格的友情，这一特点使他们能够在国外找到新朋友，并与之一特点使他们能够在国外找到新朋友，并与之融洽相处。融洽相处。 make it possible f

46、or sb. to do sth.使某人做某使某人做某事成为可能事成为可能可能可能：A man may play chess with a friend for thirty years without knowing his political opinions. In French eyes, a relationship between a male and a female is friendship, although they may well be friends. A break in an English friendship comes not necessarily as

47、 a result of different viewpoints. Women cant be friends. It is most likely thatComparison:British friendships are not, as in Germany, complementary to the family nor are they, as in France, separated from the family. In Germany, in contrast with France, friendship is much more distinctly a matter o

48、f feeling. Between French friends But for GermansYoung Germans have great difficulty in establishing such friendships with Americans. We view friendship more tentatively Make a short speech about friendship Advantages of friendship Cultural differences different kinds of friendship friendship and lo

49、ve In France, as in many European countries, friends _ are of the same _, and friendship is seen as _ a relationship between men. _ but they also _ sometimes that for women “Its a different thing.” And many French people doubt the possibility of a friendship between a man and a woman. There is also

50、the kind of relationship within a group-men and women who have worked together for a long time, who may be very close, sharing great _ and _ of feeling. _. For the French, friendship is a one-to-one relationship that demands a keen _ of the other persons intellect, _ and p a r t i c u l a r i n t e

51、r e s t s . _ and become more of whatever the friendship draws upon. Your political philosophy assumes more _, appreciation of a play becomes _, taste in food or wine is accentuated, enjoyment of a sport is intensified. In France, as in many European countries, friends generally are of the same sex,

52、 and friendship is seen as basically a relationship between men. Frenchwomen laugh at the idea that “Women cant be friends”, but they also admit sometimes that for women “Its a different thing.” And many French people doubt the possibility of a friendship between a man and a woman. There is also the

53、 kind of relationship within a group-men and women who have worked together for a long time, who may be very close, sharing great loyalty and warmth of feeling. In French eyes this is not friendship, although two members of such a group may well be friends. For the French, friendship is a one-to-one

54、 relationship that demands a keen awareness of the other persons intellect, temperament and particular interests. A friend is someone who draws out your own best qualities, with whom you sparkle and become more of whatever the friendship draws upon. Your political philosophy assumes more depth, appr

55、eciation of a play becomes sharper, taste in food or wine is a c c e n t u a t e d , e n j o y m e n t o f a sport is intensified.Listening practice33. A. Enjoying strong feelings and emotions. B. Defying all dangers when they have to. C. Being fond of making sensational news. D. Dreaming of being f

56、amous one day.34. A. Working in an emergency room. B. Watching horror movies. C. Listening to rock music. D. Doing daily routines.35 A. A rock climber. B. A psychologist. C. A resident doctor. D. A career consultant.prepositions: Within the family, the closest relationship _ a lifetime is between br

57、others and sisters. They serve _ the same tiresome and exacting committee. Activities _ different stages of life may be _ very different kinds. Men and women find _ their closest friends of the same sex the devotion _ a sister, the loyalty of a brother. Fill in blanks with correct wordsP150friendshi

58、p is quite sharply distinguished from other more casual relations 在家庭之外，男女都能从同性密友身上看到姐妹般的奉在家庭之外，男女都能从同性密友身上看到姐妹般的奉献精神，以及兄弟般的赤诚之心。献精神，以及兄弟般的赤诚之心。 Outside the family, men and women find in their closest friends of the same sex the devotion of a sister, the loyalty of a brother. 不同的朋友能充实个人生活的各个不同方面。不同的

59、朋友能充实个人生活的各个不同方面。 Different friends fill different niches in each persons life. 友谊显然不同于别的那种比较随便的关系友谊显然不同于别的那种比较随便的关系 不管是什么活动，在参与的过程中，人们开始和谐不管是什么活动，在参与的过程中，人们开始和谐/合拍起来。合拍起来。 In the midst of the activity, whatever it may be, people fall into step To give and to take without ever keeping score.相反，当遇到麻烦

60、、心情紧张或者当情绪低落时，向富有同情心的相反，当遇到麻烦、心情紧张或者当情绪低落时，向富有同情心的朋友倾诉我们的忧虑和恐惧会消除或缓解我们的压力。朋友倾诉我们的忧虑和恐惧会消除或缓解我们的压力。 Conversely, in times of trouble and tension, when our spirits are low, unburdening our worries and fears to compassionate friends alleviates the stress. 我们遇到开心事的时候，与朋友分享会增加我们的快乐。我们遇到开心事的时候，与朋友分享会增加我们的快