大学英语精读第三版第二册unit2

1、1Unit 2 Lessons from Jefferson Pre-readingText-learning After-readingExercises2Pre-reading1. Presidents of the United States 2. Thomas Jefferson3. Websites 34George Washington (1732-1799) was Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution. He was the first president of the

2、 United States (1780-1797) and was known as Father of the U.S.A.5Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) the 16th president of the U.S. , a republican Born in Kentucky in 1809 and brought up in IndianaHe taught himself law and then entered Congress. His election as president in 1861 on an antislavery program, p

3、rovoked the secession of the southern states. He fought the resulting Civil War from 1861-1865 to save the Union, and proclaimed the emancipation of slaves. He was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth in 1865.6Thomas Jefferson author of the Declaration of Independence , third president of the United St

4、ates:18011809 , founder of the University of Virginia April 2 ,1743-July 4,1826, 78Jeffersonarchitect,inventor, naturalist/scholar, linguist(6languages),musician and diplomat.9Jefferson began building his house - Monticell, which he designed it every detail at the age Of 2610University of Virginia11

5、“Whether I retire to bed early or late, I rise with the sun. The sun had never caught him in bed; I rise with the sun.12Jeffersons big deal: Louisiana Purchase13HERE WAS BURIEDTHOMAS JEFFERSONAUTHOR OF THEDECLARATIONOF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCEOF THESTATUTE OF VIRGINIAFORRELIGIOUS FREEDOMAND FATHER OF T

6、HEUNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIABORN APRIL 2, 1743 O.S.DIED JULY 4. 1826 1415163. Language points4. Key sentences1. First reading 2. Questions and answers17First readingDirections: Find the evidence from the text to fill in the following chart.a well-known statesmana writeraan educatoran an expert in agricu

7、lturean inventorof the United States 1)The Declaration of2) complete works of volumesphilosophical instructions, ideas1) reform2)university founder 3)American education owes a great deal to him4)father of the University ofinfluential figure1) 2) soilfor daily usesthinker_architect_Independence_50_ed

8、ucation_Virginia_crop rotation_conservation_devices_President_18Questions and Answers 1. Why is Thomas Jefferson less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln?Washington is well-known for his leadership in the American Independence War. Lincoln is well-known for his role in abolishing slave

9、ry in the United States.2. Why do we associate the name of Thomas Jefferson with the Declaration of Independence?He was the writer of the Declaration of Independence.3. Why was Jefferson chosen to write the Declaration of Independence?He was a good and tireless writer whose complete works fill more

10、than fifty volumes.194. What was Jeffersons attitude towards “people of humble origins”?In a day when few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, he went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, and waiters, looked into their cooking pots and ate their br

11、ead.5. Why did he insist upon having a free press?A free press could tell the truth.6. What was the philosophy underlying Jeffersons determination never to answer his critics?There were two sides to every question. If one took one side with decision and acted on it with effect, those who took the ot

12、her side would of course resent his actions. So he believed in conflict rather than unquestioning agreement.7. Why does the author say that American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson?Because Jefferson believed that only a nation of educated people could remain free.20Part I on P24Who i

13、s Jefferson?Why do we associate the name of Thomas Jefferson with the Declaration of Independence?21Part two 1 Go and see.Question: Why did Jefferson make on-the-spot observations of the South Branch of the James River ? 22nThey obtained what they wanted nthrough hard work.23CF: get, obtain, achieve

14、 , acquire & gain这些动词均有这些动词均有“得到，获得，取得得到，获得，取得”的意思。的意思。get 是最常用、最口语化的词。可以指以任何方是最常用、最口语化的词。可以指以任何方式得到某物（积极主动或消极被动），并不强调式得到某物（积极主动或消极被动），并不强调通过预先的或主观的努力，与具体名词和抽象通过预先的或主观的努力，与具体名词和抽象名词均可搭配。名词均可搭配。obtain 为正式用语，指经过长时间的努力或有为正式用语，指经过长时间的努力或有计划的行动而得到所希望得到的东西或达到预定计划的行动而得到所希望得到的东西或达到预定的目标。的目标。24CF: get, obtai

15、n, achieve & acquire gainachieve达成、完成、成就，指克服困难后获达成、完成、成就，指克服困难后获得成功得成功He can do anything in order to achieve his purposes.acquire 指经过一定努力或一定过程，使原指经过一定努力或一定过程，使原有的东西获得更多，并成为永久所有；也指有的东西获得更多，并成为永久所有；也指一点点地慢慢地通过长期不懈的努力而获得一点点地慢慢地通过长期不懈的努力而获得诸如识、才干、良好习惯等。常与抽象名词诸如识、才干、良好习惯等。常与抽象名词搭配。搭配。25CF: get, obtain, a

16、chieve & acquire gainWe must cherish experience acquired at the cost of blood.我们必须珍惜用鲜血换来的经验。我们必须珍惜用鲜血换来的经验。我们必须用功学习才能精通英语。我们必须用功学习才能精通英语。We must work hard to acquire a good knowledge of English.26CF: get, obtain, achieve & acquire gaingain: get through more effort than obtain.In this match he gaine

17、d an advantage over his competitor.在这场比赛中，他胜过了对手。在这场比赛中，他胜过了对手。他因坚持不懈而获胜。他因坚持不懈而获胜。His persistence gained him victory.Noun:Sometimes the best gain is to lose.谚谚有时吃亏就是占便宜。有时吃亏就是占便宜。27get, obtain, achieve acquire1. She finally her ambition to visit China. 2. First editions of these books are now almos

18、t impossible to . 3. It usually takes four years to_ a degree at a university.4. Ive been working all day, but I feel as if Ive nothing.achieved， obtain， get，achieved achieved28get, obtain, achieve, acquire5. They realized that only through struggle could they their rights.6. It took him a long time

19、 to _ the skills he needed to become a professional artist. obtain, acquire29appoint : put sb. in or choose sb. for a position, job officially（正式的）正式的） appoint sb.(to be) (manager/secretary/cabinet （内阁）（内阁）member) They appointed him (to be) chairman. appoint (time/place) to do sth. 约约好时间好时间/地点做某事地点做

20、某事 我们应该约一个时间来共进晚餐。我们应该约一个时间来共进晚餐。30appoint : put sb. in or choose sb. for a position, job officiallyCF: name: (less formal) When will they name a successor? He was named captain of the team.312 You can learn from everyone.nQuestions:nWhat was Jeffersons attitude towards “people of humble origins”?32

21、go out of ones way to do sth Jane went out of her way to be nice to the newcomer. Don did not like Charles, and he went out his way to say bad things about Charles.He is so selfish that he never goes out of his way to help others.33 threaten ：1 utter a threat against Pattern: threaten sb. into doing

22、 sth threaten to do sth. threath sb. With sth. The air pollution threatened human life. The boy was threatened into stealing. 用死威胁他用死威胁他 threaten him with death 劫机者劫机者(hijacker)威胁要杀掉飞行员。威胁要杀掉飞行员。The hijacker threatened to kill the pilot. (Hi Jack!)34 threaten ：1 utter a threat against 2 give warning

23、 of 云预示有雨。云预示有雨。 The dark clouds threatened rain. 353 Judge for yourselfQuestions:Why did Jefferson attach greater importance to newspapers than to a government? 36nleave sth. to sb.nIll leave it to you to settle all the business.nThe task is left for you to fulfill. All right, leave it o me.37prefe

24、r I prefer typing to writing by hand.Id prefer to have something to eat before we start.Id prefer to have something that we had something to eat before we start.38reject: vt. refuse to take, believe, use or consider，which is the strongest 多指由多指由于某物某事某行为不能让人满意而被当面直截于某物某事某行为不能让人满意而被当面直截 了当地拒绝。了当地拒绝。We

25、 rejected his idea for a music club, and decided to have an art club instead. 他向她求婚他向她求婚, 她拒绝了。她拒绝了。She rejected his offer of marriage. 39CF: reject, refuse & decline这三个动词均含这三个动词均含“拒绝拒绝”之意。之意。 reject to be unwilling to accept, receive or take into consideration ,which is the strongest She rejected h

26、is marriage proposal.40decline which is to refuse politely and is often used in the situations where invitations to social events are turned down 指婉言谢绝他人的帮助或邀请等。指婉言谢绝他人的帮助或邀请等。I _ her invitation to the dinner party because I had a prior appointment. Declinedrefuse which is stronger than decline 语气语气

27、较重，指态度坚决，肯定无疑的绝。较重，指态度坚决，肯定无疑的绝。I wonder why he refused to discuss the problem at the meeting.41Exercise: Fill in the blanks with reject, refuse & decline. Change the form where necessary. 1. He asked me to give him another loan, but I .2. The army doctors several recruits as unfit.3. When asked to

28、comment on details of the agreement, she .4. Hes in trouble but hes all my offers of help.5. We his offer of a lift. refused,rejected, declined,refused & declined424 Do what you believe is right.Questions:Why was Jefferson determined never to answer his critics ?43 conflict vi be opposed ; Your two

29、statements conflict with each other. It is reported that some workers on strike conflicted with the police. 他们对事件的说法与我们的说法截然不他们对事件的说法与我们的说法截然不同。同。Their account of events conflicts with ours. 44conflict n disagreement ,fight The two companies come into frequent conflicts as a result of competition. A

30、rmed conflicts have been going on in this region over the past ten years. 45Collocation: 利益冲突利益冲突conflict of interest内心冲突内心冲突an inner conflict武装冲突武装冲突an armed conflict和和冲突冲突in conflict with46act on Acting on the doctors suggestion, the woman has decided to go on a diet.You would not have made such a

31、 mistake if you had acted on his advice.475 Trust the future, trust the young.Questions:What did Jefferson mean when he said “How much pain has been caused by evils which have never happened?48leave behind When the enemy withdrew, much of the heavy equipment was left behind.Oh dear! Ive left the umb

32、rella behind.49Part III on p26n1 Jefferson was a man of great courage and idealist. Whats the reason for that?n2 Jefferson was an expert in many fields. Can you name some of them?50of ones age He was thee most brilliant composer of his age.Of all the scientists of his age, Einstein was perhaps the m

33、ost outstanding. 51superior: adj. good or better in quality or value更好，优于；地位高于更好，优于；地位高于The government troops were superior in numbers. 这种布比那种好。这种布比那种好。This cloth is superior to that.52superior:superior 的反义词是的反义词是inferior， “下等的、下等的、劣等的劣等的”， 常用的搭配是常用的搭配是 “be inferior to”， 例如例如：These products are infe

34、rior to those we bought last year.这些产品比我们去年买的质量差。这些产品比我们去年买的质量差。女人并不比男人差。女人并不比男人差。Women are not inferior to men. senior juniormajor minor53create: make sth new or original 创造；创创造；创建；创作建；创作 ( creation creative creator )A novelist creates characters and a plot. 小说家塑造人物并设计作品的情节。小说家塑造人物并设计作品的情节。innovate

35、 :make changes; introduce new things 革新创新；引进新事物革新创新；引进新事物He stressed that it is the people not God who _ history. A invent B imagine C create D discoverWe have prepared to _ in order to make progress.54in existence May kinds of species are no longer in existence now.*out of existenceHitler once plan

36、ned to put the Jewish race out of existence.55 influence vt have an effect on It was my father who influenced me to be an engineer. 大众传媒通常影响民意。大众传媒通常影响民意。 Public opinions are usually influenced by mass media.56 influence CF: influence affect impressinfluence: 侧重在思想、性格、行为侧重在思想、性格、行为等方面所产生的潜移默化的影响，等方面

37、所产生的潜移默化的影响，也可指自然力的影响。也可指自然力的影响。affect：影响强烈，引起变化。主语：影响强烈，引起变化。主语通常是物而不是人，指一物对另一通常是物而不是人，指一物对另一物产生的消极影响。物产生的消极影响。impress:留下印象留下印象,强调影响的深刻强调影响的深刻与长久与长久. 57Exercise: Fill in the blanks with influence affect impress. Change the form where necessary.1. The tax increases have us all.2. Your mother was cle

38、arly not _ by our behaviour in the restaurant.3. He tried to me with his extensive knowledge of wine. affect impressed impress58Exercise: Fill in the blanks with influence affect impress. Change the form where necessary.4. Dont let yourself be by what she said. 5. The divorce every aspect of her lif

39、e. 6. The sights of the city never fail to foreign tourists. 风光风光influenced affected impress59influence n power to affect stn. or sb. 影响力影响力 power due to wealth, position, etc 势力，权势势力，权势have influence on/upon/ over Confucius has had a great influence upon Chinese people. You have some influence over

40、 Mary. Could you go and talk her out of such crazy behavior? 他的父亲会用他的权势给他个好工作。他的父亲会用他的权势给他个好工作。His father will use his influence to get him a good job. 60Collocation: 对对有很大有很大 / 好好 / 坏的影响坏的影响have a great / good / bad influence upon / on对对有影响力有影响力have influence over 在在的影响下的影响下under the influence of61

41、above all Children need many things, but above all they need attention.Never waste anything, but above all never waste time.Be polite, above all, to old people. 62Part IV on p 32Questions:Why does the author say that American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson?63owe sth. to sb./sth.We o

42、we that important new discovery to Albert Einstein.She owes her success to hard work and patience.646566676869707172737475761. Useful Expressions 2. Word Completion 3. Debate 4. Proverbs and Quotations771. 从书本中获取知识从书本中获取知识2. 亲自作调查亲自作调查 3. 做现场观察做现场观察4. 研究有关某一问题的文件研究有关某一问题的文件 5. 社会阶层社会阶层6. 发号施令发号施令7.

43、出生卑微的人出生卑微的人8. 烧饭锅烧饭锅 obtain knowledge from bookspersonal investigationmake on-the-spot observationsstudy papers on a subjectsocial classgive an orderpeople of humble originsa cooking potUseful Expressions 789.9.判断判断真理与谬误的头脑真理与谬误的头脑 10.10.认真思考认真思考的的 11.11.力量的源泉力量的源泉 12.12.毫不犹豫毫不犹豫 13.13.有效地采取行动有效地采取

44、行动 14.14.被无用的习俗束缚住手脚被无用的习俗束缚住手脚 15.15.满怀希望地满怀希望地 16.16.把恐惧抛在后面把恐惧抛在后面a mind for judging truth and errorwith careful thoughta source of strengthnot hesitate a momentact on with effectbe chained to customs which have lost their usefulnesswith hopeleave fear behind7917. 存在存在18. 不知疲倦的作家不知疲倦的作家 19. 一切人生来

45、平等一切人生来平等20. 一份丰富的思想遗产一份丰富的思想遗产 in existencea tireless writerall men are created equala rich legacy of ideas80po dhcr taersonalrigin issatisfyesitateriticismemarkalentnniversary..Word CompletionDirections: Supply the missing letters according to the definitions on the right.done in person; belonging to a personparentage; birth; beginningfail to satisfy; displeasefeel doubtful; be undecidedunfavorable remarks or judgmentssay; commentspecial natural abilitythe yearly return of a special date_81Directions: Prepare and debate by taking the following