过去分词的用法

1、The Past Participlev 过去分词作表语 及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动，也表示完成。 The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。 不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是主动关系，只表示动作的完成，不表示被动。 He is retired. 他退休了。 有些过去分词作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。 The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.常见的作表语的过去分词有 disappointed, drunk, amused( 愉快的，被逗乐的)，frightened,

2、 married, exited, experienced, interested, confused, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried等过去分词作表语和被动语态的不同 The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. The liberary is now closed . She is very tired.过去分词作过去分词作表语表语被动语态被动语态表示主语的表示主语的状态状态表示动作表示动作不行不行可以接可以接by+动动作的执行者作的执行者可以被well,very,much,qui

3、te修饰不行过去分词作定语 作定语的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表示被动也表示完成。不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。单个过去分词作定语一般放在名词前面 a broken heart the risen sun a lost dog We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.过去分词短语作定语一般放在后面，多用于书面语 The stolen bike belongs to Jack.The bike which was stolen belongs to Jack. The

4、lecture given by Professor Zhang is about environment protection.The lecture that was given by Professor Zhang is about environment protection.单个过去分词修饰一些不定代词时要后置 这些不定代词有：something,anything,everything,nothing,somebody,nobody,those等。 eg. Nothing reported in the newspaper intreseted him.过去分词也可作非限制性定语，前

5、后常有逗号 The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. Many ideas, developed after weeks of research, may not prove successful.修饰人的过去分词也可修饰非人的事物这些过去分词虽然不是直接修饰人，但是所修饰的事物仍然和人有着直接的关系。 eg.The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 孩子带着满意的表情举目而视。过去分词作状语表示原因 Scared with a sud

6、den fear, she gave a scream. 她因突然的害怕而尖叫了一声。表示时间 Asked to sing a song for them,she couldnt very well refused. 当她被邀为他们唱歌时，她不好意思拒绝。过去分词作状语表示条件 Given another chance,Ill succeed.表示让步 Even though given by every opporunity,they would not cooperate with us.表示伴随情况 The teacher came into the teachers office,fo

7、llowed by a group of students.过去分词也有独立结构这种结构带有自己的主语 That point settled, we went on to the next one. 那个问题讲完了，我们继续下一个问题。 His leg badly hurt, he had to be sent to hospital. 他的腿伤得很重，得把他送往医院。 The undercarriage pulled up, the plane flew out of sight. 起落架收起来了，飞机飞出了视线。“with/without +宾语+ed分词”结构这种结构表示时间、原因、伴随

8、情况等。 With everything well arranged,he went to Europe on business. With different methods used,different results are obtained. He sat with him arms clasped round his kness. She went angrily away without a word spoken.作独立成分常用的分词短语有：put it another way（换言之）, stated bluntly/simply（不客气地说）, worded plainly（

9、措辞清晰）,taken as a whole（总的来说） 等。 Stated bluntly,he had no chance of winning. 坦白地说，他没有获胜的可能。 Taken as a whole,your argument is valid. 总的来说，你的论点是有充分根据的。过去分词作宾语补足语(一)表示感觉和心理状态的动词：see, watch, observe, look at ,hear, listen to ,feel, notice, think 等。 I heard the song sung in English. I found his hometown

10、greatly changed.表示“致使”意义的动词：have ,make ,get ,keep ,leave 等。 Ill have my hair cut tomorrow. He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. Dont leave those things undone.过去分词作宾语补足语（二）用于like , order, want, wish 等动词的宾语后。 Do you wish your breakfast brought to your room,Madam? 夫人，您要您的早餐送到您的房间么？ You must tell us exactly wh