职称英语阅读理解综合A试题

1、职称英语阅读理解综合A试题第4部分：阅读理解(第31'45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。每道题后面有4个选项，请仔细阅读短文并根据短文内容回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择l个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇Common-cold SenseYou can't beat it, but you don't have to join it. Maybe it got the name "common cold" because it's more common in winter. The fact is,

2、though, being cold doesn't have anything to do with getting one. Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses, and, at least so far, medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one.Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults,

3、because they have more colds than adults-an average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents? Simple. They haven't had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses.There are more than 150 different cold viruses, and you never have the

4、 same one twice. Being infected by one makes you immune to it-but only it.Colds are usually spread by direct contact, not sneezing or coughing. From another person's hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route. The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is fo

5、und under the thumbnails of a boy, although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces.Hygiene is your best defense. Wash your hands frequently, preferably with a disinfectant soap,especially when children in your household have colds.But even careful hygiene won't ward o

6、ff every cold. So, what works when a coughing, sneezing, runny nose strikes?The old prescription of two aspirins, lots of water, and bed rest is a good place to start. But you'll also find some of the folk remedies worth trying. Hot mixtures of sugar (or honey), lemon,and water have real benefit

7、s.31. According to the essay, you may have a cold because_.A. the weather is too cold.B. the spread of rhinoviruses gets people infected.C. another person's coughing passes the cold to you.D. you wash your hands too often.32. The best way to keep yourself from getting colds is_.A. to keep yourse

8、lf clean.B. to use a disinfectant soap.C. to take two aspirin pills every day.D. to drink lots of water.33. Children have more colds because_.A. they are usually infected about eight times each year.B. they are not immune to many cold viruses.C. they never wash their hands so that their thumbnails a

9、re dirty.D. they don't like eating lemon.34. When you are having a cold, _.A. it is always the same kind of cold that you had last time.B. it may be the same kind of cold that you had last time.C. it is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had last time.D. it is probably not the same kin

10、d of cold that you had last time.35. When one is having a cold, he often has some symptoms EXCEPT_.A. coughing.B. having a sore throat.C. having a runny nose.D. having a stomachache.第二篇Cigars Instead?Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth, and throat, a

11、ccording to a government study.Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus, and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx (voice-box) six-fold, say researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland.In addition, the report revealed that smoking thre

12、e or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers.The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article "Cigars: Health Effects and Trends." The researc

13、hers report that, compared with a cigarette, a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines."This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase in cigar use and the significant public health consequences for the country,&q

14、uot; said Dr. Richard Klausner, director of the National Cancer Institute, in a statement."The data are clear - the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke, like cigarettes, are associated with the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases," h

15、e added. "In other words, cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive.""To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advice is-don't. To those currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer, heart

16、 and lung disease risks," warned Klausner.According to National Cancer Institute press release, there haven't been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events, but ". a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrates and increased lung cancer risk from seco

17、ndhand smoke."36. According to the report, smoking three or four cigars a dayA. increases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokers.B. greatly increases the risk of oral cancer for smokers.C. increases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers.D. greatly increases the risk of more than one

18、 cancer for smokers.37. In the passage how many cancers are mentioned in relation to smoking cigars daily?A. Six.B. Seven.C. Eight.D. Nine.38. What is the main idea of the article "Cigars: Health Effects and Trends"?A. When it comes to cancer, cigars are not any safer than cigarettes.B. Ci

19、gars may be addictive while cigarettes are not easily so.C. Cigars contain less harmful substances than cigarettes.D. Increase in cigar-smoking does not affect public health much.39. What is the doctors' advice to those cigar-smokers?A. To give it up completely.B. To give up part of it.C. Not to

20、 think about it any more.D. To cure the diseases first.40. In the context of this passage, "secondhand smoke" may meanA. smoking bad-quality cigars.B. smoking very cheap cigars.C. being near cigar smokers when they are not smoking.D. being near cigar smokers when they are smoking.第三篇Batter

21、ies Built by VirusesWhat do chicken pox, the common cold, the flu, and AIDS have in common? They're all disease caused by viruses, tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. It's no wonder that when most people think about viruses, finding ways to steer clear of viruses is what

22、's on people's minds.Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carriers, though. In Cambridge, Massachusetts,scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way. They are putting viruses to work, teaching them to build some of the world's smallest rechargeable bat

23、teries.Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair, but they're not so strange for engineer Angela Belcher, who first came up with5 the idea. At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways.

24、In the case of the virus-built batteries, the scientists combine what they know about biology, technology and production techniques.Belcher's team includes Paula Hammond, who helps put together the tiny batteries, and Yet-Ming Chiang, an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery. &q

25、uot;We're working on things we traditionally don't associate with nature," says Hammond.Many batteries are already pretty small. You can hold A, C and D batteries6 in your hand. The coin-like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny. However, every year, new electroni

26、c devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before. As these devices shrink, ordinary bakeries won't be small enough to fit inside.The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now, Belcher's model battery, a metallic disk completel

27、y built by viruses, looks like a regular watch battery. But inside, its components are very small-so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope.How small are these battery parts? To get some idea of the size, pluck one hair from your head.Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try

28、to see how wide your hair is-pretty thin, right?Although the width of each person's hair is a bit different, you could probably fit about 10 of these virus-built battery parts, side to side, across one hair. These microbatteries may change the way we look at viruses?.41. According to the first p

29、aragraph people try toA. kill microorganisms related to chicken pox, the flu, etc.B. keep themselves away from viruses because they are invisible.C. stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases.D. cure themselves of virus-related diseases by taking medicines.42. What is Belcher

30、's team doing at present?A. It is finding ways to get rid of viruses.B. It is mass-producing microbatteries.C. It is making batteries with viruses.D. It is analyzing virus genes.43. What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word "shrink" appearing in paragraph 5 ?A. Broaden.B

31、. Spread.C. Extend.D. Expand.44. Which of the following is true of Belcher's battery mentioned in paragraph 6 ?A. It is made of metal.B. It is a kind of watch battery.C. It can only be seen with a microscope.D. It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it.45. How tiny is one battery part?A. Its

32、width is one tenth of a hair.B. It equals the width of a hair.C. It is as thin as a piece of paper.D. Its width is too tiny to measure.第4部分：阅读理解第一篇31.C。细节题。题干：根据短文，下列哪项不是许多大学生选择参军的原因?这类题需要分别定位四个选项。利用关键词，A、B和D三个因素均可在文章中找到，但是文章并未提及大学生参军的工资待遇比其他工作高，所以选项C“大学生参军的工资待遇比其他工作高”不是大学生参军的原因。32.B。细节题。题干：可以推断大学生考

33、虑参军的人数大约为_。利用题干关键词graduating students和consider可以定位到文章第二段，意为“事实上，有很多大学生考虑参军。军队今年给大学毕业生提供了12万个工作岗位，而每50个打算参军的大学毕业生中就有1个人有机会去部队工作”，因此可以推知今年约有600万名大学毕业生考虑从军。33.B。细节题。题干：除了就业不好和遇冷的经济外，下列哪一项是导致今年军队招聘人数增加的原因?利用题干关键词raise this years recruitment quota可以定位到第四段，意为“一位高级将领说，吸收新鲜血液和有天赋的年轻人来掌握新设备和高科技对国防现代化是很重要的”。由

34、此可知，选项B“吸引高素质的人员来满足国防高科技的需要”为正确答案。34.C。细节题。题干：为什么作者认为大学生在选择就业时被给予了额外的机会?利用题干关键词extra chance可以定位到文章第五段，意为“招聘大学生的年龄限制放宽到24岁，而且有个重要的政策转变，那就是如果大学毕业生在1 1月征兵工作结束前找到其他更理想的工作，仍然可以改变主意，重新选择职业。这就给他们提供了多一次的选择机会。”，由此可知选项C“大学生可以改变主意，如果他们在征兵工作结束前找到其他更合适的工作”为正确答案。35.D。词汇题。最后一段中“confidential”的意思为_。本句意为“结束服役后在诸如出国等事情上没有任何限制，除非是其在部队从事_工作”。由此可以推测出confidential的意思是“保密性的