新视野大学英语读写教材第三册U-06A

1、How to Prepare for EarthquakesUnit 6 Section A2ContentsContentsLead-inPre-reading3Lead-in Today, we are to take up the topic “Earthquakes”. Since many parts of our country belong to areas where earthquakes are common, it is necessary for us to learn about how to deal with earthquake. So our topic-ce

2、ntered lead-in begins with the question as follows:4Tips 1. What does a strong earthquake bring to us? Tips Like it or not, the earthquakes are a disaster we have to be faced with at all times. This is because they are like ghosts haunting upon us without any fixed pattern of time and space. In this

3、 case, it is much better for us to know more about them. My first question is: It brings instant ruin upon the fruits of our labor, such as ;2) It gives rise to secondary disasters like ;3) It takes a heavy toll of human lives, as in ;4) It gives us a great insight into ;5Tips 2. How to predict a st

4、rong earthquake?Tips1) Weather conditions?2) Radon or hydrogen gas content of soil or ground water?3) Water level in wells?4) Animal behavior? 6Tips 3. How to prepare ourselves well for a big earthquake? Before an earthquake1) Keep handy a survival kit, in which ;2) Know the safe locations in your h

5、ome;3) Arrange for the way of family unity;During an earthquake4) If outdoors, get away from high objects;5) If indoors, stay away from windows;6) If driving, pull over and stop;Tips7Watch and DiscussDirections: Watch the video and then discuss the topics as follows:Video watchingHow much do you kno

6、w about other natural disasters? Whats your insight into earthquakes? KeyKeyEarthquake9Pre-reading1234567What should people in areas where earthquakes are common do to prepare their houses?Why are people in these region suggested to prepare something that can clean water and kill bacteria?What shoul

7、d be a major emphasis for all government programs and earthquake-related projects?How are most of the people killed in earthquakes?What do architects do to prevent property damage?What have the scientists done in Japan in order to detect movements?What is the sensible way to keep all the family memb

8、ers informed of each other in large earthquake-stricken city?10Topic-centered Analysis of TextHow to deal with the topic?The writer centers his writing on three aspects of the topic earthquake prediction, earthquake prevention, and earthquake preparation. In the end, he concludes his writing with mo

9、re emphasis placed on peoples preparation for earthquakes. 11predictionpreventionpreparationmaterialstructureindividualfacilitiessurvival suppliescommunicationBuilding12Para. 1a Ideally, people would like to know when an earthquake is going to happen and how bad it will be. In both Japan and China,

10、people have long believed that earthquakes can be forecast. In Japan, scientists have wired the Earth and sea to detect movements. The Chinese have traditionally watched animals and plants for warning signs of earthquakes. Text Analyzing and Reading13Para. 1b For example, the Chinese have noted that

11、 before an earthquake, hens behavior changesthey refuse to enter their cages at night. They have also noticed that snakes come out of the ground to freeze to death and that dogs bark a lot, even normally quiet dogs. Before the Hanshin earthquake in Japan, there were reports of large schools of fish

12、swimming near the surface of the water. Text Analyzing and Reading句型句型14Para. 1c Certain birds, like pigeons, also seemed to be especially noisy and were reported to be flying in unusual patterns before the earthquake. Perhaps most interesting, and most easily measured, is a chemical change in groun

13、d water before a quake. Experimental data seem to indicate that the amount of radon (Rn) in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake. Text Analyzing and Reading句型句型15Para. 2a People would also like to be able to prevent the great destruction of property caused by earthquak

14、es. After all, most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings. Therefore, building structures that can withstand the power of earthquakes is a major concern. Steel seems to be the best material, but not if it is welded to form a rigid structure. Text Analyzing and Reading句

15、型句型16Para. 2b Many new structures are built with a new type of steel joint, an I-joint, which appears to be the most durable type of joint. These joints of steel can move without breaking. Also, to prevent property damage, architects now design buildings so that the buildings columns and horizontal

16、beams are of equal strength, and vertical support columns are inserted deep into solid soil. Text Analyzing and Reading17Para. 2c In addition, many new houses have relatively light roofs and strong walls. Concrete pillars for highway bridges that previously only had steel rods inside are now enclose

17、d in steel. Text Analyzing and Reading18Para. 3 Besides working to improve building structures, people in areas where earthquakes are common need to prepare for the possibility of a great earthquake. They should regularly check and reinforce their homes, place heavy objects in low positions, attach

18、cupboards and cabinets to walls, and fasten doors so that they will not open accidentally during an earthquake.Text Analyzing and Reading19Para. 4a In addition to preparing their houses, people in these regions need to prepare themselves. They should have supplies of water and food at home and at wo

19、rk. It is best to store several gallons of water per person. It is also important to have something that can clean water and kill bacteria, so water from other sources can be made safe to drink. Text Analyzing and Reading句型句型20Para. 4b Store one weeks food for each person. Earthquake survival suppli

20、es include a radio receiver, a torch, extra batteries, first aid supplies, a spade, a tent, some rope, and warm clothing. Experts also suggest the following:Text Analyzing and Reading21Para. 5a Keep a fire extinguisher handy. You should have one at home, at work, and in your car (if you have one). T

21、he fire extinguisher should be able to put out any type of fire. Have the proper tools to turn off gas and water lines if necessary. Arrange an auxiliary cooking and heating source that can be used outside. One alternative is a portable camp stove with small cans of gas. Text Analyzing and Reading22

22、Para. 5b Keep a pair of heavy, comfortable shoes or boots in your home, at work, and in your vehicle. If there is an earthquake, there will be lots of fragments of broken glass. Light shoes will not protect your feet as well as heavy shoes will.Text Analyzing and Reading23Text Analyzing and ReadingP

23、ara. 6a Every family needs to have earthquake emergency plans. How will family members leave the area during the chaos following an earthquake? Everyone should agree on a meeting point outside of the areaperhaps in a town several miles away. Also important is an arrangement for family members to com

24、municate if there is an earthquake. 句型句型24Para. 6b If an earthquake happens in a large city, many of the telephone lines within the city are likely to be down. The few remaining working lines will be busy with the calls that naturally occur after a disaster and it will be difficult to call from one

25、part of the city to another. It might, however, be possible to call outside the city. A sensible arrangement is to have all of the members of the family call to check in with a friend or relative who lives more than a hundred miles away.Text Analyzing and Reading25Para. 7a Although scientists still

26、cannot predict earthquakes, they are learning a great deal about how the large plates in the Earths crust move, the stresses between plates, how earthquakes work, and the general probability that a given place will have an earthquake. Someday soon it may actually become possible to predict earthquak

27、es with accuracy. Text Analyzing and Reading26Para. 7b However, even if prediction becomes possible, people who live in areas where earthquakes are a common occurrence will still have to do their best to prevent disasters by building structures that are resistant to ground movement and by being pers

28、onally prepared. These precautions can make a great difference in saving lives and preventing the loss of homes. Education concerning how to survive an earthquake should be a major emphasis for all government programs and earthquake-related research projects. Text Analyzing and Reading句型句型如何做好防震准备如何

29、做好防震准备 Para. 1a 从理想上说，人们希望知道地震什从理想上说，人们希望知道地震什么时候发生，破坏程度会如何。在日本和中么时候发生，破坏程度会如何。在日本和中国，人们长期以来一直相信地震是可以预测国，人们长期以来一直相信地震是可以预测的。在日本，科学家在陆地上和海洋中铺设的。在日本，科学家在陆地上和海洋中铺设电线，以监测它们的运动。而中国人的传统电线，以监测它们的运动。而中国人的传统做法是观察动植物以获取地震的警示信号。做法是观察动植物以获取地震的警示信号。 Para. 1b 例如，中国人注意到，地震之例如，中国人注意到，地震之前母鸡的行为会有所异常：它们夜晚不肯前母鸡的行为会有所异

30、常：它们夜晚不肯进笼。他们还注意到，蛇会爬出地穴而冻进笼。他们还注意到，蛇会爬出地穴而冻死，狗会狂吠不已，甚至那些平常很安静死，狗会狂吠不已，甚至那些平常很安静的狗也会叫个不停。日本的阪神地震发生的狗也会叫个不停。日本的阪神地震发生之前，有报告说大批鱼群游到了水面。之前，有报告说大批鱼群游到了水面。 Para. 1c 有些鸟，如鸽子，也显得特别聒噪，有些鸟，如鸽子，也显得特别聒噪，据说地震前它们飞行的方式也与往常不同。据说地震前它们飞行的方式也与往常不同。也许最有趣、也最容易测量的，是地震前地也许最有趣、也最容易测量的，是地震前地下水发生的化学变化。实验数据似乎表明，下水发生的化学变化。实验数

31、据似乎表明，地震前地下水中氡的含量会增高。地震前地下水中氡的含量会增高。 Para. 2a 人们还希望能够预防地震会造人们还希望能够预防地震会造成的重大财产损失。要知道，多数在地成的重大财产损失。要知道，多数在地震中丧生的人都是被倒塌的建筑物砸死震中丧生的人都是被倒塌的建筑物砸死的。所以，具有抗震能力的房屋结构是的。所以，具有抗震能力的房屋结构是关注的重点。钢似乎是最佳的建材，但关注的重点。钢似乎是最佳的建材，但一旦被焊接成僵硬的结构就不行了。一旦被焊接成僵硬的结构就不行了。 Para. 2b 许多新式结构都采用了一种新型的许多新式结构都采用了一种新型的钢接合方法，即钢接合方法，即 I 形接合

32、，它看来是最耐用形接合，它看来是最耐用的一种接合。这种钢接合在移动时不会断裂。的一种接合。这种钢接合在移动时不会断裂。同样，为了预防财产损失，建筑师如今设计同样，为了预防财产损失，建筑师如今设计楼房时会使房屋的支柱和横梁力度相等，而楼房时会使房屋的支柱和横梁力度相等，而垂直支柱则深深插入坚实的地基中。垂直支柱则深深插入坚实的地基中。Para. 2c 此外，许多新型房屋都采此外，许多新型房屋都采用了较轻的屋顶和坚实的墙壁。高用了较轻的屋顶和坚实的墙壁。高架桥的水泥柱先前只是在内部有钢架桥的水泥柱先前只是在内部有钢筋，如今外面也包上了钢板。筋，如今外面也包上了钢板。Para. 3 除了设法改善建筑

33、结构外，地除了设法改善建筑结构外，地震频发区的人们也需要为可能发生的大震频发区的人们也需要为可能发生的大地震做好防备工作。他们应当定期检查地震做好防备工作。他们应当定期检查和加固房屋，将重物放在低处，将橱柜和加固房屋，将重物放在低处，将橱柜和柜子贴墙放置，加固房门以防地震时和柜子贴墙放置，加固房门以防地震时意外脱开。意外脱开。Para. 4a 除做好房屋的防震外，这些地区除做好房屋的防震外，这些地区的人们还需要为自身做些防备。他们应该的人们还需要为自身做些防备。他们应该在家里和工作地储备些水和食物。最好每在家里和工作地储备些水和食物。最好每人储备几加仑水。储备一些可以净化水和人储备几加仑水。储

34、备一些可以净化水和消灭病菌的东西也很重要，这样就可以安消灭病菌的东西也很重要，这样就可以安全地饮用其他来源的水了。全地饮用其他来源的水了。 Para. 4b 每人准备一周的食物。地震每人准备一周的食物。地震救生储备还包括无线电接收器、手电、救生储备还包括无线电接收器、手电、备用电池、急救用品、铁锹、帐篷、备用电池、急救用品、铁锹、帐篷、绳子和保暖衣物。此外，专家们还提绳子和保暖衣物。此外，专家们还提出了以下建议：出了以下建议： Para. 5a 手边备有灭火器。应该在住处、工作场手边备有灭火器。应该在住处、工作场所和汽车里（如果你有车的话）都存放一个。灭所和汽车里（如果你有车的话）都存放一个。

35、灭火器应该是可以扑灭任何火灾的那种。有必要的火器应该是可以扑灭任何火灾的那种。有必要的话，准备一些能关闭煤气和自来水管道的特制工话，准备一些能关闭煤气和自来水管道的特制工具。准备一个备用的户外烹调和取暖用具，可以具。准备一个备用的户外烹调和取暖用具，可以准备一个便携式露营灶和几小罐煤气。准备一个便携式露营灶和几小罐煤气。 Para. 5b 在住处、工作场所和汽车里放在住处、工作场所和汽车里放一双厚重、舒适的鞋或靴子。发生地震一双厚重、舒适的鞋或靴子。发生地震时会有大量的玻璃碎片。轻便的鞋子不时会有大量的玻璃碎片。轻便的鞋子不能像厚重的鞋子那样保护好你的双脚。能像厚重的鞋子那样保护好你的双脚。P

36、ara. 6a 每个家庭都需要制定地震应急计划。每个家庭都需要制定地震应急计划。如何让一家人在地震的混乱中安全离开？大如何让一家人在地震的混乱中安全离开？大家应该商定一个地震区外的会合点家应该商定一个地震区外的会合点可能可能是在几英里外的某个市镇。同样，协商好地是在几英里外的某个市镇。同样，协商好地震时家人的联络方式也很重要。震时家人的联络方式也很重要。 Para. 6b 地震若发生在大城市，市里的许多电话地震若发生在大城市，市里的许多电话线路很可能中断，剩下的为数不多的可用线路会线路很可能中断，剩下的为数不多的可用线路会很忙，因为灾难之后自然会有许多电话，要从市很忙，因为灾难之后自然会有许多

37、电话，要从市里的一个地方打到另一个地方会很困难。但可能里的一个地方打到另一个地方会很困难。但可能通向市外的电话是通的。明智的安排是，让所有通向市外的电话是通的。明智的安排是，让所有的家人都给一个住在一百多英里之外的朋友或亲的家人都给一个住在一百多英里之外的朋友或亲戚打个电话，以报平安。戚打个电话，以报平安。Para. 7a 尽管科学家们仍无法预测地震，但尽管科学家们仍无法预测地震，但对地壳中的大板块如何移动，板块间的压力对地壳中的大板块如何移动，板块间的压力如何，地震如何发生，某地区发生地震的一如何，地震如何发生，某地区发生地震的一般概率为多少，他们了解得越来越多。在不般概率为多少，他们了解得

38、越来越多。在不久的将来，精确预测地震将成为可能。久的将来，精确预测地震将成为可能。 Para. 7b 然而，即使可以预测，居住在地震频然而，即使可以预测，居住在地震频发区的人们还是应尽力预防灾难，办法是建造发区的人们还是应尽力预防灾难，办法是建造能够抵抗地表运动的房屋，同时做好个人准备。能够抵抗地表运动的房屋，同时做好个人准备。在挽救生命和防止家庭损失方面，这些预防措在挽救生命和防止家庭损失方面，这些预防措施会发挥很大的作用。教育人们如何在地震中施会发挥很大的作用。教育人们如何在地震中求生，应该是所有政府规划和地震研究项目的求生，应该是所有政府规划和地震研究项目的重点所在。重点所在。日本的阪神

39、地震发生之前，有报告说大批鱼群日本的阪神地震发生之前，有报告说大批鱼群游到了水面。游到了水面。 BackBefore the Hanshin earthquake in Japan, there were reports of large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the water. 原原 句句 译译 文文逆逆 译译 练练 习习There be reports of sb. / sth. doing sth. 有报有报道说某人物道说某人物 用于提供用于提供“佐证或事实佐证或事实”。 产产 生生 式式 提提 炼炼应应 用用 提提

40、示示Backathletes from every country / offer fine service to sb. 典典 型型 例例 句句意意 群群 提提 示示 During the Beijing Olympic Games, there were many reports of China offering fine service to athletes from every country. Back也许最有趣、也最容易测量的，是地震前地下水也许最有趣、也最容易测量的，是地震前地下水发生的化学变化。发生的化学变化。 BackPerhaps most interesting, a

41、nd most easily measured, is a chemical change in ground water before a quake. 原原 句句 译译 文文逆逆 译译 练练 习习Perhaps most + adj. / p.p., and most adj. / p.p., be 也许最也许最、也最、也最的，是的，是用于强调用于强调“事物最显著的特性事物最显著的特性”。 产产 生生 式式 提提 炼炼应应 用用 提提 示示Backmost marvelous / in various fields of study /a rapid renewal of knowledg

42、e典典 型型 例例 句句意意 群群 提提 示示现代社会里，也许最令人惊叹的、也最显而易见现代社会里，也许最令人惊叹的、也最显而易见的，是各研究领域知识的快速更新。的，是各研究领域知识的快速更新。 In modern society, perhaps most marvelous, and most easily seen, is a rapid renewal of knowledge in various fields of study. Back钢似乎是最佳的建材，但一旦被焊接成僵硬的结钢似乎是最佳的建材，但一旦被焊接成僵硬的结构就不行了。构就不行了。 BackSteel seems to

43、 be the best material, but not if it is welded to form a rigid structure. 原原 句句 译译 文文逆逆 译译 练练 习习Sb. / Sth. seem to be , but not if 某人某人物似乎是物似乎是，但一旦，但一旦就并非如此了。就并非如此了。用于阐明用于阐明“事物的辩证关系事物的辩证关系 ”。 产产 生生 式式 提提 炼炼应应 用用 提提 示示Backa good source of information / make undue use of 典典 型型 例例 句句意意 群群 提提 示示互联网似乎是最好

44、的信息源，但使用不当就不是互联网似乎是最好的信息源，但使用不当就不是这样了。这样了。 The Internet seems to be the best source of information, but not if it is made undue use of.Back除做好房屋的防震外，这些地区的人们还需要为除做好房屋的防震外，这些地区的人们还需要为自身做些防备。自身做些防备。 In addition to preparing their houses, people in these regions need to prepare themselves.原原 句句 译译 文文逆逆

45、译译 练练 习习BackIn addition to doing sth., sb. need to do sth. else. 除了做某事，某人还需做除了做某事，某人还需做用于表述用于表述“给人的建议给人的建议”。 产产 生生 式式 提提 炼炼应应 用用 提提 示示Backgeared to the challenges of the future / build up ones special knowledge / refine ones sentiment 典典 型型 例例 句句意意 群群 提提 示示面向未来的大学生，除了积累专业知识外，还需面向未来的大学生，除了积累专业知识外，还需陶

46、冶情操。陶冶情操。 In addition to building up their special knowledge, the college students geared to the challenges of the future need to refine their sentiments. Back同样，协商好地震时家人的联络方式也很重要。同样，协商好地震时家人的联络方式也很重要。 BackAlso important is an arrangement for family members to communicate if there is an earthquake.

47、原原 句句 译译 文文逆逆 译译 练练 习习Also important be sth. / to do sth. 某事某事做做 也很重要。也很重要。 用于表述用于表述“给人的建议给人的建议”。 产产 生生 式式 提提 炼炼应应 用用 提提 示示Backhave a goal for life / changes in things around / a timely adjustment of sth. to sth. 典典 型型 例例 句句意意 群群 提提 示示人要有人生目标。同样，根据周围事物的变化及人要有人生目标。同样，根据周围事物的变化及时调整目标也很重要。时调整目标也很重要。One

48、 needs to have a goal for life. Also important is a timely adjustment of ones goal to changes in things around. Back教育人们如何在地震中求生，应该是所有政府规教育人们如何在地震中求生，应该是所有政府规划和地震研究项目的重点所在。划和地震研究项目的重点所在。 BackEducation concerning how to survive an earthquake should be a major emphasis for all government programs and

49、earthquake-related research projects.原原 句句 译译 文文逆逆 译译 练练 习习Education / Instruction concerning sth. should be a major emphasis for sth. else. 关关于于的教育，应该是的教育，应该是的重点所在。的重点所在。 用于表述用于表述“人对事物的见解人对事物的见解”。 产产 生生 式式 提提 炼炼应应 用用 提提 示示Backhow to develop a lifelong habit of study / the reform in college curriculum典典 型型 例例 句句意意 群群 提提 示示教育大学生如何养成终生学习习惯，将是大学课教育大学生如何养成终生学习习惯，将是大学课程改革的重点所在。程改革的重点所在。Education concerning how