2012届高考英语 常考基本词汇讲解讲义系列（五）

1、2012届高考常考基本词汇讲解讲义系列（五）重点单词详解1effect n. 结果；效果；作用；影响 vt. 使发生；实现；引起effective adj. 有效的；生效的； 实际的in effect 实际上；在实施中；有效take effect 奏效；生效cause and effect 因果come into effect 开始生效；开始实施be of no effect 无效；没有作用bring / o effect 使实行；使生效have an effect on / upon 对有影响；对起作用/产生效果1)The drug _ _ _ _ _ the pain.

2、这药对止痛能立即生效。2)The economic problems of one country often _ great _ _ the whole world. 一个国家的经济问题往往会对全球产生巨大的影响。3)It will be a few minutes before the drugs start to _ _. 几分钟后药物才起作用。4)His opinion _ a change in the plan. 他的建议使计划改变了。【答案】1) has an immediate effect on2)have a great effect on3)take effect4)ef

3、fected(1)用effect的适当形式填空1)The medicine works more _ if you drink some hot water after taking it.2)His poetry has _ great _ _ readers for more than a century.3)Officials say that few patients are infected with the virus owing to the _ prevention.【答案】1)effectively 2)had; effect on 3)effective(2)名校押题Doc

4、tors say it will be many years _ scientists develop an effective treatment for AIDS.AwhenBsinceCbefore Das【答案与解析】C考查时间状语从句的连词。 题意：医生说要找到一种有效的治疗艾滋病的方法还需要很多年。2permit vt.&vi. 认可；允许；许可 n. 许可证；执照permit doing. 允许做某事permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事weather / time permitting. 如果天气/时间允许的话permission n. 许可；准许；批准

5、permissible adj. 容许的；可准许的1)The rules of the club do not _ _. 这个俱乐部规定不允许抽烟。2)_ _， the party will be held in the garden. 如果天气允许的话，聚会将在花园里举行。3)Will you _ us to use this room for a meeting this afternoon? 你会准许我们今天下午在这个房间里开会吗？【答案】1)permit smoking2)Weather permitting 3)permitallow, permit和let用法辨析allow 暗含有

6、默许、放纵的意思。permit 指强调权威性的正式批准。let 指允许或无力阻止某事，暗指对某事采取漠不关心、听之任之的态度，后面的宾补不带“to”。(1)用permit的适当形式填空1)The party will be held in the garden if the weather _.2)You can't work here without a work _.3)The council will not _ you _ build here.【答案】1)permits2)permit3)permit; to (2)名校押题Students are not permitted

7、 _ noises in class.Amake Bmaking Cto make Dmade【答案与解析】Csb be permitted to do sth “某人被允许做某事”。 题意：学生不允许在上课时大吵大闹。3impress vt. 使(人)印象深刻；使铭记；使敬仰impress sth on / upon sb (one's memory) 使某人铭记某事impress sb with / at sth 某事给人留下印象be impressed by / with sth 被某事深深打动impress sb that 令人感动的是impression n. 印象；感想；影

8、响；效果make a(n).impression on sb 给某人留下印象leave / make / have a(n).impression on sb 给某人留下印象impressive adj. 给人印象深刻的；感人的1)My father _ on me the value of hard work. 我父亲要我牢记努力工作的重要性。2)The teachers were most _by your performance in the exam. 老师们都被你在考试中的表现深深打动。3)It _ me that she remembered my birthday. 令我感动的是

9、她记住了我的生日。4) What is your first _ of our country? 你对我们国家的第一印象如何？【答案】1)impressed2)impressed3)impressed 4)impression(1)用impress的适当形式填空1)His words are strongly _ on my memory.2)I _ _ _ _ the change brought about by the project.3)The little girl has a gift for painting and her works have made a deep _ on

10、 me.4)This is the most _ architecture I've seen on this trip.【答案】1)impressed2)was deeply impressed with / by 3)impression4)impressive (2)名校押题Darwin's Origin of Species, probably ranking second only to the Bible, has _ on Western thought.Ataken immediate actions Bhad a great impactCleft a dee

11、p impression Dproduced lots of pressure【答案与解析】B题意：达尔文的物种起源排名仅次于圣经，列居第二位，对西方的思想有着巨大的影响。have an impact on.“对产生影响”；leave an impression on “给留下印象”。4combine vt. 结合；组合；使融合combine to do sth 联合起来做某事combine.with. 把与结合combination n. 结合1)_ some eggs and a little flour and heat the mixture gently. 把鸡蛋和少许面粉搅拌，然后

12、用火加热。2)These players made a very good _. 这些球员们配合得很好。3)You should learn to _ causes _ results. 你应该学会把原因和结果联系起来。【答案】1)Combine 2)combination3)relate; to connect.with. 注意到有关联connect.to. 把和连接起来link.with / to. 把和连接起来relate.to. 把和联系起来(1)用connect和combine的适当形式填空1)The two companies _ to make a large store.2)W

13、e can not always _ work _ pleasure.3)Operator, you've _ me _ a wrong person again.【答案】1) combined2)combine;with 3)connected; to (2)名校押题Each member country of WTO must _ its laws and regulations and compete on the principle of fairness and cooperation. Acater to Bcorrespond to Crelate to Dsubmit

14、to【答案与解析】Dcater to“迎合”； correspond to“相应；符合”；relate to“把和联系起来”；submit to“向呈交；顺从；使(自己)听令于”。题意：WTO的每个成员国都要遵从它的法律法规，在公平协作的原则下竞争。5remain vi. 留下；继续；依然(不变)；剩下remain to be done 有待被做remain to be seen 拭目以待remaining adj. 剩下的；留下的remains n. 残留物；余额；遗物1)These matters _ in doubt. 这些事情仍值得怀疑。2)We _ at home all eveni

15、ng. 我们整晚待在家里。3)When the others had gone, Mary _ and put back the furniture. 当其他人走了之后，玛丽留下来，将家具放回原处。【答案】1)remain2)stayed3)remainedremain和stay用法辨析remain强调别人已离去，或其他人或物都有变动后，其主语仍继续停留或保持在原状态。可以表示出一种对比的含义。stay表示“暂住(某处)”时，只能用stay。 但作连系动词，表示保持某一状态时，可用remain也可用stay。(1)用remain的适当形式填空1)This place _ cool all su

16、mmer, and I really prefer to stay outside all day.2)After the fire, only a few trees _.3)It _ to be seen whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the final.【答案】1) remains2)remained 3)remains(2)名校押题Her answer _ “no” even after we begged her to reconsider our proposal. Akept Bleft Cremained Dcontinue

17、d【答案与解析】C题意：我们恳求她重新考虑我们的提议，但是她的回答仍然是“不”。remained“仍然是”符合题意。6instruct vt. 命令；指导；通知；教导instruct sb to do sth指导/命令/通知某人做某事instruct a class in history给学生上历史课instruct sb in English教某人英语instruction n. 用法说明；操作指南(常用作复数)1)Ill _ my secretary to send an invitation to you right away. 我让我的秘书马上给你们发一个邀请函。2)I will _

18、him whether to come today or tomorrow. 我将通知他是今天来还是明天来。【答案】1)instruct2)instruct(1)单项填空In October, the price of the _ to Mount Tai has risen by 50 yuan.ApermissionBadmission Cpromise Dinstruction【答案与解析】Bpermission“允许”；admission“入场费”；promise“答应”；instruction“指导”。此处指“入场费”，故选B项。(2)名校押题Do read the _ on the

19、 bottle carefully and take the proper amount of medicine every time.Aexplanations Binstructions Cdescriptions Dintroductions【答案与解析】Bread the instructions on the bottle carefully “认真阅读瓶子上的说明”。Explanation “解释”； description “描述”； introduction “介绍”。7. reflect vi. 思考 vt. 映射；反射；思考reflect.in. 在里映射；通过来表达 /

20、表明reflect sth from sth 从某物(表面)反射(光、热、声等)reflect in. 倒映在；在中看到reflect on / upon sth 认真思考某事reflection n. 反映；反射reflective adj. 沉思的；深思的1)He looked at his face _ in the mirror. 他照镜子看看脸。2)The moon shines with _ light. 月球是反射阳光而发光的。3)How distant those times seemed now, he _. 他在想那些日子现在已显得多么遥远。4)That choice _

21、your good taste. 那选择反映了你的品味高雅。【答案】1)reflected2)reflected3)reflected 4)reflects(1)用reflect的适当形式填空1)Does this letter _ how you really think? 2)These excellent results _ great credit on all our staff.3)She sat _ _ how much it had changed since he'd bought the farm.4)He _ that he had no right to do

22、this.【答案】1)reflect2)reflect 3)reflecting on 4)reflected(2)名校押题Sean's strong love for his hometown is _ in his recently published poems.Areplied Breflected Cresponded Drecovered【答案与解析】Breply“回答；答复”，为不及物动词；reflect“反映”；respond“回应”；recover“恢复；收回”。 题意：肖恩对祖国强烈的爱在他最近发表的诗歌中反映出来了。8select vt. 选择；挑选；选拔sele

23、ction n. 选择；挑选selective adj. 选择性的；有选择的1)I will _ a Christmas present for my son. 我要给儿子挑一份圣诞礼物。2)Simon has been _ to represent us at the conference in Paris. 西蒙已被推选出来代表我们出席在巴黎的会议。3)We must _ from among the good cadres. 我们必须从好干部中挑选。【答案】1)select2)selected3)selectchoose, select和pick out用法辨析三者都有“挑选”的意思。c

24、hoose 通常指在所提供的对象中，凭借个人的判断进行选择。select 指有目的地仔细认真地选择， 有“精选”的含义。pick out 比较通俗， 常指按照个人喜好或意愿进行挑选，或指“分辨；辨认出”。 (1)用choose, select 和 pick out 填空1)_ the best answer. 选择最佳答案。2)He looked through the suits and _ the cheapest one for me. 他在那些衣服里找了一阵， 挑了一套最便宜的给我。 3)It was easy to _ _ Bobs father.鲍勃的父亲很容易被认出来。【答案】1

25、)Choose2)selected3)pick out(2)名校押题1) There are eight pairs _， but I'm at a loss which to purchase.Ato be chosen Bto choose from Cto choose Dfor choosing【答案与解析】Bchoose from “从中选择”，这里应当用不定式作定语，故选B项。题意：共有八双可供选择，但我不知该买哪一双。2) It was so dark at the theatre that I could hardly _my friend.Aturn out Bgiv

26、e out Ccall out Dpick out【答案与解析】D考查动词短语。 turn out “生产出；结果是”； give out “放出；发出；用完；用尽”； call out “召唤出动”； pick out “挑选出；辨认出”。 题意：电影院里很黑，我几乎不能辨认出我的朋友。重点短语详解1a number of 许多的；大量的英语中表示“许多”的短语可分为三类：修饰可数名词：a large / great / good number of，a good / great many，quite a few，dozens of, scores of，many a 单数可数名词修饰不可数

27、名词：a good / great deal of，a large amount of，quite a little修饰可数或不可数名词：a lot of，lots of，a large quantity of，large quantities of，plenty of1)_people took part in the sports meeting last week. 许多人参加了上周的运动会。2)_ _ _ _factories have been set up in my hometown.我的家乡建起了一大批工厂。3)You'll need _courage to sit b

28、eside him when he is driving. 他开车的时候，你得有足够的胆量才敢坐在他旁边。【答案】1)A number of / A lot of / A great many2)A great number of / A large quantity of3)plenty of / lots oflarge quantities of, a large quantity of既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词。但是，当large quantities of 名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；a large quantity of 名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Qua

29、ntities of food are on the table. 桌子上有大量的食物。There is a large quantity of books in the corner. 大批的书堆在角落里。the number of与a number ofa number of.许多；大量的，后接可数名词，在句中作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。the number of. 的数目，后接可数名词，在句中作主语时谓语动词用单数形式 (1)用the number of与a number of填空1)_ _ _people who took part in the sports meeting was

30、over 1,000.2)_ _ _students want to go abroad for further study when they finish college.【答案】1)The number of2)A number of(2)名校押题A number of students_playing on the ground but I don't know what the exact number _. Aare; is Bare; are Cis; is Dis; are【答案与解析】Aa number of.作主语时谓语动词用复数形式；the number of.作

31、主语谓语动词用单数形式。2answer for 负责任；保证answer for，相当于be responsible for，后跟名词或代词作宾语。 answer for sb 代表某人讲话；代表某人的意见answer (sb) back 回嘴；反驳answer to sb (for sth) 向某人(为某事)负责answer the telephone 接电话He's a rude little boy, always answering his mother back. 他是个没礼貌的孩子，总和母亲顶嘴。Who do you answer to in your new job? 你

32、做的新工作要向谁负责？You will answer to me for any damage to the car. 这辆汽车有任何损坏，你都要对我承担责任。Could you answer the telephone, please? 麻烦你接一下电话，好吗？1)I agree but I can't _ _ my colleagues.我同意，但是我不能代表我的同事们。2)I can't _ _ his honesty.我不能保证他诚实。3)How can you _ _ it that the project will go on smoothly? 你怎么能保证这个工

33、程会进展顺利？【答案】1)answer for2)answer for3)answer for(1)翻译句子你要为你所犯的错误负责。_【答案】You must answer for the mistake you made. (2)名校押题You will have to _it that he will accomplish the task. Aanswer to Banswer for Canswer up Danswer back【答案与解析】Banswer for sth “为某事负责”。 answer to sb“对某人负责”； answer up “迅速回答”； answer b

34、ack “顶嘴”。3on one's behalf 代表某人on one's behalf on behalf of sb 意为“代表某人；因为某人；为了某人”，是介词短语，常作状语。 1)The lawyer spoke _ _ _ his client. 律师代表当事人说话。 2)Please don't be nervous _ _ _. 请不要因为我而紧张。 【答案】1)on behalf of2)on my behalf(1)完成句子She made a speech _ _ _ (代表) her leader.【答案】on behalf of(2)名校押题T

35、om is not present，so I shall accept the prize _him. Ain honour of Bon account of Con behalf of Din case of 【答案与解析】C题意：汤姆不在场，所以我将代表他领奖。on behalf of “代表”，符合题意。in honour of “为了向表示敬意；为纪念”； on account of “因为”； in case of “以防”。4apart from 除以外；要不是；此外；加之apart from 既可以等于except, 也可相当于besides。1)I hardly know a

36、nyone in the village _ _ William and you. 除威廉和你之外，我几乎不认识村里的任何人。2)_ _ providing humanitarian aid, the UN is also supposed to enforce agreements. 联合国除了提供人道主义援助外，还应该力促协议的实施。3)Quite _ _ the fact that he has no qualifications, Mr Berry is not a suitable person to work here. 即便不考虑他没有资格证书这一事实，贝利先生也不是在这儿工作的

37、合适人选。【答案】1)apart from2)Apart from3)apart fromapart from, besides和except用法辨析(1)apart from 既表示“除之外”，还表示“除之外还有”之意。(2)besides 表示“除之外还有”之意。Besides making money, the company aims to set high standards of quality and design. 除了赚钱之外，这个公司还旨在设立很高的质量和设计标准。(3)except 表示“除之外”之意。All the team were there, except Edd

38、ie Stratton, who was ill. 全队都在那里，除了生病的艾迪·斯特拉顿。(1)完成句子Everyone is there _ _ (除了) Bill.【答案】apart from(2)名校押题_ being too large, the colour of the shoes doesn't suit me.AApart from BExcept CFar from DExcept for【答案与解析】A表示“除之外，还”，用apart from。except“除去；不包括”。5for good 永远；永远地for good forever / for e

39、ver / forever and ever 意为“永远；永远地”，为介词短语，常作状语。 for good and all 永久地；一劳永逸地for all I know 据我所知for free 免费not for anything 决不；根本不for certain 肯定地1)I expect that our love will last _ _. 我期望我们的爱将持续到永远。 2)He left the city _ _. 他永远地离开了那个城市。3)A thing of beauty is a joy _ _. 美好的事物，回味无穷。【答案】1)for good2)for good

40、3)for ever(1)翻译句子他发誓永远陪在她身边。_【答案】He promises that he will stay with her for good.(2)名校押题Although Lei Feng has been away from us for many years, we'll remember him _. Afor short Bfor sure Cfor fun Dfor good 【答案与解析】Dfor short “简称”； for sure “确定地”； for fun “开玩笑地”； for good “永远”。6carry off 搬走；获得；携走；

41、夺去的生命；获得(奖品等)；成功对付；轻而易举地应对carry out 实行；履行 carry on (with / doing sth ) 继续做carry away 运走；变得非常兴奋；使失去自制力 carry through 完成；渡过难关 carry sb back (to sth) 使某人回忆起1)He _ _ most of the prizes for swimming. 他获得游泳项目的大多数奖。 2)The case was very critical. The fever, if not stopped, would _ _ the young fellow. 情况十分严重

42、，高烧若不及时制止，年轻人会失去生命。3)I have _ _ my work.我已经完成了工作。4)We must _ _ till success in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.尽管条件极端困难，我们必须坚持下去，直到成功。5)He tends to get _ _ when watching wrestling on TV. 他一看电视中的摔跤节目就很兴奋。6)His courage will _ _ _.他的勇气会帮他渡过难关。7)The sound of seagulls _ _ _ _ childhood holida

43、ys by the sea. 海鸥的叫声让她回忆起了童年时在海边度假的情景。【答案】1)carried off2)carry off3)carried out 4)carry on5)carried away6)carry him through7)carried her back to(1)翻译句子泰坦尼克号几乎包括了所有电影大奖。_【答案】The movie Titanic carried off all the prizes.(2)名校押题He _the speech _well despite feeling very nervous. Acarried; away Bcarried;

44、 back Ccarried; off Dcarried; on【答案与解析】C题意：尽管他感到非常紧张，但总算把演讲顺利地讲完了。carry off “成功对付”。7ahead of 在前面(1) 指时间或空间上“在之前”。(2) 表示“比强/高” (主要用作表语)。(3) 用于 ahead of time, 意为“提前”或“提早”。go ahead的用法：(1)表示同意或允许，意为“说吧；做吧”。Do you mind if I smoke? 我抽烟你介意吗？No, go ahead. 不介意，你抽吧。(2)表示继续做某事，意为“继续吧”。Go ahead, we are all list

45、ening. 继续讲吧，我们都在听呢！1)He left one day _ _ me. 他比我早走一天。2)He's _ _ me in English. 他的英语比我强。3)The work was done _ _ _. 工作提前完成了。【答案】1)ahead of2)ahead of3)ahead of time(1)翻译句子火车提前5分钟离站了。_【答案】The train left 5 minutes ahead of time.(2)名校押题All the workers have been called on to try their best to finish th

46、e project _ time.Ainstead of Bin front ofCahead of Din place of【答案与解析】Cahead of time “提前”。8wrap up 包好；裹住；埋头于；穿得暖和；掩饰；完成；结束be wrapped up in sth 倾心于；把全部精力放在 be wrapped in sth 被遮掩得完全看不见wrap sth round / around sb / sth将(一块材料)缠绕或围住某人/某物(加以遮盖或保护) 1)I have _ _ the parcels and they're ready to be posted

47、. 我把包裹都包好了，可以寄出去了。 2)He _ _ his meaning in a fancy speech.他把自己的意图隐藏在精心设计的措词里。3)They _ _ the business deal in less than an hour.不到一小时，他们那笔生意就成交了。4)They are completely _ _ in their children. 他们把全部精力都用在孩子身上了。5)The events are _ _ mystery. 这些事情隐藏在神秘的气氛之中。6)_ a scarf round your neck. 把围巾围在你的脖子上。【答案】1)wrap

48、ped up2)wrapped up3)wrapped up 4)wrapped up5)wrapped in6)Wrap(1)翻译句子他用一张漂亮的纸包装礼物。_【答案】She wraps the gift up in a lovely paper.(2)名校押题The businessman had already_a couple of deals by lunchtime. Acleaned up Bchecked up Cwrapped up Dturned up 【答案与解析】C题意：那位商人在午饭前已做了几笔生意。wrap up “完成”，其他三个选项不符合题意。 9in tur

49、n 轮流；依次；反之；反过来It's one's turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事take turns to do / at doing sth 轮流做speak / talk out of turn 说不该说的话by turns in turn 依次；轮流1)Each of you must tell the funniest joke you can think of _ _. 每一个人讲一个你们能想到的最好笑的笑话。2)_ _ _ _ do the washingup. 轮到你洗碗了。3)We _ _ _ answer the telephone. 我们轮流接

50、电话。4)I'm sorry if I've spoken _ _ _， but I thought everyone had already been told. 如果我说了不该说的话，我很抱歉。我还以为大家都知道了。【答案】1)in turn2)It's your turn to3)take turns to 4)out of turn(1)完成句子The teacher asks the children to wash their hands _ _ (轮流)【答案】in turn(2)名校押题It's not a good idea for people to try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, because it _ will c