2012自动化专业英语

1、一、单词及短语中英文对译（ 每题1分，共 20分 ）二、翻译（共60分，每题10分）三、简答题 (共20分，每题5分，请用英文回答)一、单词及短语中英文对译（ 每题1分，共 20分 ）1equivalent electrical circuit 等效电路2active network 有源电网络3algebraic sum 代数和4phase sequence 相序5voltage source电压源6loop current回路电流7in series 串联8second-order system 二阶系统9integrated circuit 集成电路10dynamic response

2、动态响应11性能指标 performance criteria12状态变量 state variable13差分方程 differential equation14稳态误差 steady-state error15相角与幅值准the Angle and Magnitude Criteria16时间常数 time domain17特征方程 characteristic equation18分子 numerator19通解 homogeneous solution20临界阻尼 critically damped1voltage drop 电压降2passive network 无源网络3curre

3、nt source 电流源 4rate of change of current 电流变化率5amplifying device 放大器件6Operational Amplifier 运算放大器7filter circuit 滤波电路8transfer function传递函数10sample data 采样数据11扰动误差 disturbance errors12暂态响应 transient response13终值定理 final value theorem14阻尼比 damping ratio15拉普拉斯变换 laplace transformation16分母 denominator1

4、7特解 particular solution19根轨迹增益root locus gain20单位反馈系统 unity feedback system二、翻译1.Control system engineering consists of analysis and design of control configurations. Analysis is the investigation of the properties of an existing system. The design problem is one choice and arrangement of system com

5、ponents to perform a specific task. P68控制系统工程由控制结构的分析和实际组成。分析是对所存在的系统性能的研究，设计问题是对系统部件的一种选择和安排从而实现特定的任务。 2.The designer should be fully aware, however, of the role of the steady equations and errors in the overall process, as well as their influence on the dynamic behavior of the plant. P81设计者应充分了解稳态

6、方程和误差在整个过程中的作用，同时也应知道它们在被控对象动态性能上的影响。3.The root locus, therefore, provides information not only as to the absolute stability of a system but also as to its degree of stability, which is another way of describing the nature of the transient response. P86因此，根轨迹不仅提供系统绝对稳定性而且提供稳定裕量的信息，稳定裕量是描述暂态响应特性的另一种方

7、法。4.Lumped parameter systems are those for which physical characteristics are assumed to be concentrated in one or more “lumps” and thus independent of any spatial distribution. P68集中参数和分散参数系统：集中参数系统是其物理性质被假设集中在一块或多块，从而与任何空间分布无关的系统。5.The designer quickly becomes adept in relating changes in the Lapl

8、ace domain to behavior in the time domain without actually having to solve the system equations. P71设计人员很快就会熟练地把拉普拉斯域的变化与时域状态联系起来而不需真地解系统方程（时域）。6.Actual systems are also subjected to undesirable inputs, such as noise in command inputs and disturbances arising from changes in the plant parameters or

9、changes in the environment in which the plant is operating. P83实际系统也受非期望输入的影响，比如：控制命令中的噪声，设备运行时由于设备参数变化和运行环境变化引起的扰动。7.These effects increase in strength with decreasing distance. A zero can improve relative stability because it can pull the loci, or parts thereof, away from the imaginary axis, deepe

10、r into the left-half plane. P89随着到原点距离的减小，它们的作用强度会增加。添加零点可以改善相对稳定性，因为它可以吸引根轨迹、或根轨迹的一部分离开虚轴进入左半平面，较远地离开虚轴。8.Ignoring for the weaker effect of the added pole, which is often placed at 10 times the distance to the origin, the zero is chosen to satisfy the need for compensation. P89忽略常被置于10倍于零点到原点距离处的附加

11、极点的微弱作用，零点被用来满足补偿的需要。9.The root locus technique is a graphical method of determining the location of the roots of characteristic equation as any single parameter, such as a gain or time constant, is varied from zero to infinity. P86根轨迹技术是一种当任意单一参数，如增益或时间常数，从零变到无穷时确定特征方程的根的位置的一种绘图方法。10.It is customar

12、y to plot the amplitude ratio in decibels and the phase angle in degrees against the common logarithm of the input frequency.人们习惯于按照输入频率的常用对数绘制以分贝为单位的幅值比图和以度为单位的相角图。1.The transfer function is a convenient model form for the analysis and design of stationary linear systems with a limited number of di

13、fferential equations and by block diagram algebra. P73对于具有有限数目微分方程和用方块图代数表示的时不变线性系统的分析和设计，传递函数是一种方便的模型形式。2.These three criteria are implied in the statement that an acceptable system must have a satisfactory time response to specified inputs and disturbances.这三项标准体现在一个可接受的系统必须对特定的输入和扰动具有满意的时间响应3.A s

14、imilar mathematical analysis can be made on any Op-Amp circuit, but this is cumbersome and there are some very useful shortcuts that involve application of the two laws of Op-Amps which we now present.对各种运算放大器电路都可作类似的数学分析，但是这比较麻烦，并且存在一些非常有用的捷径，其涉及目前我们提出的运算放大器两个定律应用。4.There is a generally prevailing

15、attitude in digital systems to view logic 0 as a basic, undisturbed, unperturbed, quiescent state and to view the logic 1 state as the excited, active, effective state, i.e., the state arrived at “after something has happened”. P19在数字系统中，普遍的观点是把逻辑0看成一个基本的、无干扰的、稳定的、静止的状态，把逻辑1看成一个激励的、活跃的、有效的状态，也就是说，这种

16、状态是发生在“某种操作动作之后”。6.Sections of the real axis to the right of an odd total number of open-loop poles and zeros on this axis form part of the loci, because any trial point on such sections satisfies the angle condition.实轴上某个区间右侧实轴上的开环零极点数之和为奇数时，这个区间形成根轨迹，因为这个区间上的任一点满足幅角判据。10.These specifications are m

17、ost conveniently expressed in terms of frequency-domain figures of merit such as gain and phase margin for the transient performance and the error constants for the steady-state time-domain response.这些特性要求可以方便的按照频域图的特点如暂态性能的增益和相角裕量和稳态时域相应的误差常数来表达三、简答1What are the important laws of operational amplif

18、ier? P112Why a closed-loop system is often referred to as a negative feedback system?P673What are the necessary and sufficient conditions for the system to be stable?P774What influence do disturbance inputs act on the system?P834How is the steady-state error resulting from a step in the disturbance

19、input eliminated? P84补充：P1U1A主要介绍专业基础课电路中的无源元件和有源元件，基尔霍夫第一定律，由电阻、电容、电感和直流电压源串联组成的二阶电路等。 P1§ network n. 网络，电路§ resistor n. 电阻器§ inductor n. 电感器§ capacitor n. 电容器§ passive network 无源网络§ active network 有源网络§ characteristic adj. 特性(的)；n. 特性曲线§ Ohm n. 欧姆§ Fara

20、day n. 法拉第§ electric charge 电荷§ integral 'intigrl n. 积分§ increment n. 增量§ armature ':mtju n. 电枢，衔铁，加固§ aforementioned adj. 上述的，前面提到的§ represent v. 代表，表示，阐明§ amplify v. 放大§ symbolic sim'blik adj. 符号的，记号的§ mesh n. 网孔§ Kirchhoffs first law 基

21、尔霍夫第一定律§ loop current 回路电流§ voltage drop 电压降§ in series 串联§ differential ,dif'renl adj. 微分的；n. 微分§ variable n. 变量§ outline n. 轮廓；v. 提出的要点§ eliminate i'limineit v. 消除，对消P1U2A主要介绍专业基础课模拟电子技术基础中运算放大器的概念，放大倍数的计算方法，理想运放两个输入端“虚短路”和“虚断路”的概念。P9§ amplifier n. 放

22、大器§ integrated circuit 集成电路§ building blocks 积木§ potential n. (电)势§ cascade n., v. 串联；adj. 串联的 § on the order of 属于同类的，约为§ trade off 换取§ cumbersome adj. 麻烦的§ intrinsic adj. 内在的§ circuitry n. 电路 P1U3A 主要介绍专业基础课数字电子技术中逻辑变量的概念、离散事件的表示方法、RS触发器及逻辑变量表示的通用规则。P17

23、§ flip-flop n. 触发器§ relevance 'relivns n. 关联§ terminology ,t:mi'nldi n. 术语§ aptness 'æptnis n. 恰当§ pilot n. 飞行员§ aloft 'lft adv. 高高地§ cockpit 'kkpit n. 坐舱§ deduce di'dju:s v. 演绎§ simultaneously saiml'teinisli adv. 同时地§

24、; Boolean algebra 'ældibr 布尔代数§ gate n. 门，门电路§ prevalent 'prevlnt adj. 流行的§ inhibit v. 抑制P2U1A 这是一篇关于专业课自动控制原理、现代控制理论的综述性文章。主要介绍控制的基本概念、起源、功能、控制系统的分类和术语、控制系统工程设计问题等内容。 P66§ regulate v. 调整§ abound v. 大量存在§ power boost 功率助推装置§ aerodynamic adj. 空气动力学的

25、7; damp v. 阻尼，减幅，衰减§ yaw n. 偏航§ altitude n. 海拔§ attitude n. 姿态§ intuition n. 直觉§ trail-and-error n. 试凑法§ dynamic response 动态响应§ disturbance n. 扰动§ parameter n. 参数§ modification n. 修正，修改§ transfer function 传递函数§ domain n. 域，领域§ advent n. 出现&

26、#167; state variable 状态变量§ matrix algebra 矩阵代数§ approach n. 途径，方法；研究§ proponent n. 提倡者§ detractor n. 批评者§ tutorial adj. 指导性的§ subsequent adj. 后序的§ open-loop n. 开环§ closed-loop n. 闭环§ discrete adj. 离散的§ differential equation 微分方程§ difference equa

27、tion 差分方程§ interval n. 间隔§ sampled-data n. 采样数据§ nonlinear adj. 非线性的§ time-invariant adj. 时不变的§ coefficient n. 系数§ stationary adj. 静态的§ lumped parameter 集中参数§ distributed parameter 分散参数§ spatial adj. 空间的§ spring n. 弹簧§ lead n. 导线§ resistanc

28、e n. 阻抗§ uniform adj. 一致的§ elastic adj. 有弹性的§ ordinary differential equation 常微分方程§ partial differential equation 偏微分方程§ deterministic adj. 确定的§ stochastic adj. 随机的§ predictable adj. 可断定的§ probability theory 概率论§ multivariable n. 多变量§ configuration n

29、. 构造，结构§ property n. 性质§ model n. 模型 v. 建模§ linearization n. 线性化§ strategy n. 方法§ performance criteria 性能指标§ hardware n. 硬件§ development system 开发系统§ rationale n. 理论，原理的阐述P2U1B主要介绍专业课自动控制原理中传递函数的概念、拉普拉斯变换的定义、拉普拉斯变换后的运算规则和系统建模方法，内容虽然简洁，但可建立许多非常重要的概念。 P70§

30、initial condition 初始条件§ lag v., n. 延迟§ polynomial n. 多项式§ order n. 阶§ integrate v. 积分§ differentiate v. 微分§ denominator n. 分母§ stability n. 稳定性§ transient response 暂态响应§ numerator n. 分子§ magnitude n. 幅值§ sign n. 符号§ steady-state n. 稳态§

31、 step n. 阶跃（信号）§ block diagram algebra 方块图计算（代数）§ Laplace transformation 拉普拉斯变换§ operational mathematics 工程数学§ algebraic equation 代数方程§ implement v. 实现 § manipulate v. 处理§ become adept in 熟练§ homogeneous solution 通解§ particular solution 特解§ unilatera

32、l Fourier integral 单边傅里叶积分§ inverse transform 反（逆）变换§ improper integral 奇异（无理）积分 § superposition n. 叠加§ initial value 初值§ final value 终值§ shifting theorem 平移定理§ multiplication n. 复合性§ piecewise adj. 分段的§ integro-differential equation 微积分方程§ yield v.

33、推导出，得出P2U2A主要介绍自动控制原理中稳定性的定义、控制系统中最重要的稳定性、精度和满意的暂态响应三个基本指标、劳斯稳定性判剧和典型的一阶、二阶系统的时域相应曲线。 P76§ intuitively adv. 直观地§ at rest 处于平衡状态§ excitation n. 激励§ phase n. 状态，相位§ exponential adj. 指数的；n. 指数§ oscillation n. 振荡 § amplitude n. 振幅§ impulse v. 冲激§ criteria n.

34、判据§ qualitatively adv. 定性地§ complex adj. 复数的；n. 复数§ characteristic equation 特征方程§ factor n. 因子；v. 分解因式§ decay v. 衰减§ horizontally adv. 水平地§ vertically adv. 垂直地§ Routh criterion 劳斯判据§ Hurwitz criterion 赫尔维茨判据§ quadratic adj. 二次方的§ significance n.

35、 意义§ overdamped adj. 过阻尼的§ critically damped 临界阻尼§ underdampted adj. 欠阻尼的§ corresponding adj. 相应的§ origin n. 原点§ dominating pole 主极点§ settling time 调节时间§ overshoot n. 超调§ derivation n. 导数§ extreme adj. 极端的；n. 极端的事情/情况§ peak time 峰值时间§ subst

36、itute n. 代替§ rise time 上升时间§ gouge v. 挖§ radically adv. 完全地P2U2B 主要介绍自动控制原理中稳态误差的概念、指定输入的稳态误差、扰动误差的定义与计算方法。 P81§ guidance system 引导（导航）系统§ trajectory n. 轨迹§ unity feedback system 单位反馈系统§ general form 一般形式§ root locus gain 根轨迹增益§ filtering technique 滤波技术&#

37、167; suppress v. 抑制§ principal adj. 主要的§ minimize v. （使）最小化P2U3A主要介绍自动控制原理中根轨迹的定义、幅角与幅值判据、绘制根轨迹的规则、根轨迹法用于系统设计和补偿等内容。 P86§ factored adj. 可分解的§ depict v. 描述§ conjugate adj. 共轭的§ vector n. 矢量§ argument n. 辐角，相位§ counterclockwise adj. 逆时针的§ odd multiple 奇数倍&#

38、167; even multiple 偶数倍§ plot v. 绘图 n. 曲线图§ sketch v., n. （绘）草图，素描§ facilitate v. 使容易，促进§ coincide v. 一致§ asymptote n. 渐进线§ integer n. 整数§ intersect v. 相交§ real axis 实轴§ symmetrical adj. 对称的§ breakaway point 分离点§ arrival point 汇合点§ departure angle 出射角§ arrival angle 入射角§ thereof adv. 将它（们）§ imaginary axis 虚轴§ passive adj. 被动的，无源的§ active adj. 主动的，有源的§ network n. 网络，电路§ phase-lead n. 相位超前§ phase-lag n. 相位滞后 P2U3B主要介绍自动控制原理中使用频