医学英语内科学词汇

1、1. 呼吸系统鼻 nose 鼻腔 nasal cavity鼻旁窦 paranasal sinus 喉 larynx主支气管bronchi 肺 lung 胸膜 pleura胸廓chest cast纵隔 mediastinum气管trachea环状软骨 cricoid cartilage甲状软骨 thyroid cartilage 严重急性呼吸器官综合症Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SARS急性上呼吸道感染acute upper respiratory tract infection 普通感冒common cold 流行性感冒 influenza慢性支气管炎c

2、hronic bronchitis慢性喘息性支气管炎chronic asthmatic bronchitis代偿性肺气肿 compensatory emphysema慢性阻塞性肺疾病chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD 阻塞性肺气肿obstructive pulmonary emphysema 气肿型pink puffer 紫肿型blue bloater 肺大疱 pulmonary bullae 大疱性肺气肿 bullous emphysema慢性肺源型心脏病chronic pulmonary heart disease 肺性脑病 pulmona

3、ry encephalopathy 纵隔气肿mediastinal emphysema戒烟 smoking cessation过敏性肉芽肿 allergic granulmatosis 速尿furosemide 肺动脉栓塞 pulmonary embolism肺栓塞pulmonale embolism 支气管哮喘 bronchial asthma 气道高反应性airway hyperresponsiveness运动性哮喘 exercise-induced asthma 气道重塑 airway remodeling咳嗽变异性哮喘 cough variant asthma支气管激发试验 bronc

4、hial provocation test 沙丁胺醇 salbutamol特布他林 terbutaline 沙美特罗 salmeterol布地奈德 budesonide哮喘持续状态 status asthmaticus 全球性哮喘防治建议Global Initiative for Asthma， GINA 支气管扩张症 bronchiectasis 巨大气管支气管tracheobronchomegaly异物foreign body肺容积 basal lung volume基础肺容量 basal lung capacity潮气容积tidal volume, TV补呼吸容积 expiratory

5、reserve volume,ERV深吸气量 inspiratory capacity,IC肺活量 vital capacity,VC功能残气量 functional residual capacity肺总量total lung capacity,TLC 残气容积 residual volume,RV每分钟静息通气量 minute ventilation,MV最大通气量maximal voluntary ventilation,MVV用力肺活量 forced vital capacity,FVC 第1秒用力呼气量forced expiratory volume in 1 second，FEV1

6、最大呼气中段流量 maximal mid-expiratory flow curve,MMEF肺泡通气量 alveolar ventilation生理无效腔 dead space ventilation最大呼气中段时间maximal mid-expiratory time最大呼气流量 peak expiratory flow,PEF通气/血流比值 ventilation/perfusion ratio弥散量 diffusing capacity闭合容积 closing volume最大呼气流量-容积曲线 maximum expiratory flow-volume curve,MEFV静态肺顺

7、应性static lung compliance动态肺顺应性dynamic lung compliance实际碳酸氢actual bicarbonate，AB标准碳酸氢standard bicarbonate,SB缓冲碱 buffer bases剩余碱 bases excess血浆CO2含量 total plasma CO2 contentCO2结合力carbon dioxide combining power, CO2-CP阴离子间隙anion gap,AG高碳酸血症后碱中毒posthypercapnic alkalosis支气管灌洗 bronchial lavage（BL）支气管肺泡灌洗

8、bronchial-alveolar lavage（BAL）呼吸衰竭respiratory failure 氧气 oxygen低氧血症hypoxemia高碳酸血症 hypercapnia高通气综合征 hyperventilation syndrome 急性低氧性呼吸衰竭 acute hypoxemic respiratory failure肺泡低通气综合征 alveolar hypoventilation syndrome急性呼吸窘迫综合症acute respiratory distress syndrome ，ARDS 急性肺损伤acute lung injury ，ALI限制性通气不足 r

9、estrictive hypoventilation阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征 obstructive sleep apnea syndrome，OSA肺动脉高压 pulmonary arterial hypertension呼气延长 expiratory retard气管内插管术endotracheal intubationtracheal cannula（套管、插管） tracheal intubation撤离机械通气 wean from machine ventilation允许性高碳酸血症 permissive hypercapnia保护性肺通气策略 lung protective ve

10、ntilation strategy无创正压通气 non-invasive positive pressure ventilation，NIPPV双气道正压 biphasic positive airway pressure，Bi-PAP控制通气contral mechanical ventilation，CMV辅助通气 assist mechanical ventilation，AMV同步、间歇强制通气 synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation，SIMV呼气末正压positive end expiratory pressure，PEEP反

11、比通气 inverse ratio ventilation，IRV肺炎pneumonia吸入性肺炎inhalation pneumonia大叶性肺炎lobar pneumonia小叶性肺炎 lobular pneumonia社区获得性肺炎 community acquired pneumonia ，CAP医院获得性肺炎 hospital acquried pneumonia ，HAP呼吸机相关性肺炎 ventilator associated pneumonia ，VAP肺炎球菌肺炎pneumococcal pneumonia 肺炎链球菌肺炎 streptococcus pneumonia葡萄

12、球菌肺炎staphylococcus pneumonia 克雷白杆菌肺炎 Klebsiellar pneumonia 军团菌肺炎Legionella pneumonia 支原体肺炎mycoplasmal pneumonia 衣原体肺炎 chlamydia pneumonia念珠菌病candidiasis肺脓肿lung abscess肺曲菌病pulmonary aspergillosis变应性支气管肺曲病 allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis厌氧菌anaerobe胸膜粘连 pleural adhesion胸膜增厚 pleural thickening正电

13、子发射体层成像 positron emission tomography，PET脓胸 pyothorax， empyema艾滋病 acquired immune deficiency syndrome ，AIDS 肺结核 pulmonary tuberculosis 咯血hemoptysis原发型肺结核 primary tuberculosis原发综合征primary complex血行播散型肺结核 hematogenous pulmonary tuberculosis慢性血行播散型肺结核 chronic disseminated tuberculosis浸润型肺结核 infiltrative

14、 pulmonary tuberculosis慢性纤维空洞型肺结核chronic fibro-cavitative pulmonary tuberculosis急性粟粒性肺结核acute miliary pulmonary tuberculosis干酪样坏死 caseous necrosis结素的纯蛋白衍生物Purified Protein Derivative ，PPD 旧结素old tuberculin OT 异烟肼isoniazid 利福平rifampin 链霉素streptomycin 吡嗪酰胺 pyrazinamide 对氨基水杨酸钠sodium para-aminosalicyla

15、te 间质性肺疾病interstitial lung disease ILD 特发性肺纤维化idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis IPF 肺泡蛋白质沉积症pulmonary alveolar proteinosis PAP 特发性肺含铁血黄素沉积症idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis外源性变应性肺泡炎extrinsic allergic alveolitis 矽肺silicosis 结节病 sarcoidosis 尘肺 pneumoconiosis原发性支气管肺癌 primary bronchogenic carcinoma 错构瘤 ham

16、artoma肺癌lung cancer 自发性气胸 spontaneous pneumothorax闭合性气胸closed pneumothorax开放性气胸open pneumothorax张力性气胸tension pneumothorax液气胸hydropneumothorax胸腔积液 pleumonia ，pleural effusion 包裹性积液 interlobular effusion肺不张 atelectasis 阻塞性肺不张 obstructive atelectasis钙化calcification渗出性病变exudation空洞cavity纵隔 mediastinum纵隔

17、肿瘤mediastinal tumor磁共振显像 magnetic resonance imaging， MRI 2循环系统动脉 artery静脉 vein 毛细血管 capillary体循环 great circulation 肺循环 lesser circulation ( pulmonary circulation)心底 cardiac base 心尖 cardiac apex右心房 right atrium 右心室 right ventricle 左心房 left atrium 左心室 left ventricle心内膜 endocardium 心外膜epicardium心肌层 myo

18、cardium房间隔 interatrial septum 室间隔 interventricular septum心传导系统 conduction system of the heart窦房结 sinoatrial node房室结 atrioventricular node房室束 atrioventricular bundle心包 pericardium 动脉 artery静脉 vein 脾spleen超声心动 ultrasound cardiogram心力衰竭heart failure 充血性心力衰竭congestive heart failure 难治性心力衰竭intractable he

19、art failure 心功能障碍 cardiac dysfunction 收缩功能不全性心力衰竭 Systolic insufficiency heart failure 舒张功能不全性心力衰竭 Diastolic insufficiency heart failure 左室射血分数 left ventricular ejection fractor ，LVEF心室重塑 remodeling心钠素 atrial natriuretic factor，ANF 脑钠素 brain natriuretic peptide，BNP血管加压素(抗利尿激素) vasopressin 缓激肽bradyki

20、nin 硝酸甘油nitroglycerin 乌拉地尔urapidil 氨力农amrinone硝普钠 sodium nitroprusside 节律 rhythm心律失常cardiac arrhythmia 触发活动 triggered activity 后除极Afterdepolarization心室晚电位 late ventricular potential 窦房结恢复时间sinus node recovery time， SNRT窦房传导时间 sinoatrial conduction time ，SACT窦性心动过缓 sinus bradycardia窦性停搏 sinus pause o

21、r sinus arrest 窦性阻滞 sinoatrial block病态窦房结综合征 sick sinus syndrome固有心率 intrinsic heart rate 外源性的 extrinsic房性早搏 atrial premature beats 房性心动过速 atrial tachycardia 自律性房性心动过速 autematic atrial tachycardia 折返性房性心动过速 reentrant atrial tachycardia 混乱性房性心动过速 chaotic atrial tachycardia 多源性房性心动过速 multifocal atrial

22、 tachycardia 心房扑动 atrial flutter 心房颤动 atrial fibrillation 房室交界性过早搏动 premature atrioventricular junctional beats房室交界性逸搏 AV junctional escape beats 房室交界性心律 AV junctional rhythm 非阵发性房室交界性心动过速nonparoxysmal atrioventricular junction tachycardia阵发性室上性心动过速 paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia， PSVT房室结折返

23、性心动过速 AV nodal reentrant tachycardia 预激综合征 preexcitation syndrome 房室旁路通道 accessory atrioventricular pathways 房希斯束 atriohisian tracts结室纤维 nondoventricular fibers 分支室纤维 fasciculoventricular fibers室性期前收缩,室性早搏premature ventricualr contraction室性早搏 premature ventricular beats 室性并行心律 ventricular parasystol

24、e室性心动过速 ventricular tachycardia 加速性室性自主节律 accelerated idioventricular rhythm 尖端扭转型室性心动过速 torsades de pointes 心室扑动 ventricular flutter心室颤动 ventricular fibrillation 房室传导阻滞 atrioventricular block室内传导阻滞 intraventricular block 右束支传导阻滞 right bundle branch block 左前(后)分支阻滞left anterior(posterior) fascicular

25、 block双分支阻滞和三分支阻滞 bifascicular block and trifascicular block心脏性猝死 sudden cardiac death心源性休克cardiogenic shock过敏性休克anaphylactic shock心脏骤停Cardiac arrest 无脉性电活动Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) 电机械分离 electromechanical dissociation捶击复律 thumpversion胸按压 chest compression心肺复苏 cardiopulmonary resuscitation

26、，CPR人工心脏起搏 artificial cardiac pacing 起搏器 pacemaker埋藏式心内复律除颤器implantable cardioverter defibrillator心脏电复律 cardioversion 心脏电除颤 defibrillation血管重建Revascularization 埋藏式自动心脏复律除颤器automatic implantable cardioverter and defibrillator（AICD）心血管病介入治疗 interventional therapy for cardiovascular diseases经皮穿刺腔内冠状动脉成

27、形术 percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty， PTCA经皮穿刺球囊肺动脉瓣成形术 percutaneous balloon pulmonic valvuloplasty PBPV经皮穿刺球囊二尖瓣交界分离术 percutaneous balloon mitral valve commissurotomy PBMV冠状动脉旁路移植术coronary arteria bypass grafting心导管消蚀 catheter ablation先天性心血管病congenital cardiovascular disease肺动脉狭窄Pulmon

28、ic stenosis 单纯肺动脉口狭窄Isolated pulmonic stenosis 主动脉缩窄Coarctation of the aorta 单纯肺动脉扩张Idiopathic dilatation of the pulmonary artery 原发性肺动脉高压Primary pulmonary hypertension 双侧上腔静脉（左上腔静脉残存）Persistent left superior vena cava 孤立性右位心Isolated dextrocardia 房间隔缺损Atrial septal defect 部分性肺静脉畸形引流Partial anomalous

29、 pulmonary venous drainage 室间隔缺损Ventricular septal defect (VSD) 艾森门格综合征Eisenmengers syndrome 动脉导管未闭Patent ductus arteriosus(PDA) 法洛四联症Tetralogy of Fallot 法洛三联症Trilogy of Fallot 完全性大血管错位Complete transposition of the great vessels 房间隔缺损Atrial septal defect (ASD) 高血压 hypertension原发性高血压 essential hypert

30、ension继发性高血压 secondary hypertension 高血压急症Hypertensive urgencies 高血压危象Hypertensive crisis 高血压危症Hypertensive emergencies 白大衣性高血压“White coat” hypertension 单纯收缩期高血压Isolated systolic hypertension 小动脉硬化Arteriolosclerosis 体重指数 body mass index BMI动态血压监测 ambulatory blood pressure monitoring Vasodilator 血管扩张剂

31、phlebectasis 静脉扩张 arteriectasis 动脉扩张Diuretic 利尿剂thiazide diuretic 噻嗪类利尿剂loop diuretic 袢利尿剂；potassium-sparing diuretics 保钾利尿剂inotropic agent 正性肌力药digitalis preparation 洋地黄制剂；adrenergic receptor stimulant 肾上腺素能受体兴奋剂；phosphodiesterase inhibitor 磷酸二酯酶抑制剂Bradykinin 缓激肽血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂angiotensin converting en

32、zyme inhibitor;ACEI血管紧张素受体阻滞剂Angiotensin receptor blocker，ARB钙通道阻滞剂 calcium channel blocker，CCB-受体阻滞剂 alpha receptor blocker-肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂 beta adrenergic receptor blocker（beta blockers）醛固酮拮抗剂Aldosterone antagonist 利尿剂 diuretics呋噻米 Furosemide氢氯噻嗪 hydrochlorothiazide 地高辛Digoxin 西地兰(去乙酰毛花苷C) Lanatoside C

33、 硝酸甘油 nitroglycerin硝酸异山梨醇酯 Isosorbide Dinitrate 阿替洛尔 Atenolol美托洛尔 metoprolol硝苯地平 Nifedipin维拉帕米 Verapamil 地尔硫卓 Diltiazem尼群地平 Nitrendipine 卡托普利 captopril依那普利 Enalapril 利多卡因lidocaine 普罗帕酮 Propafenone 胺碘酮Amiodarone 动脉粥样硬化 atherosclerosis动脉硬化 arteriosclerosis 粥样斑快 atheromatous plaque高脂血症 hyperlipidemia高密

34、度脂蛋白 high density lipoprotein ,HDL低密度脂蛋白 low density lipoprotein ,LDL冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病 Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease急性冠状动脉功能不全 acute coronary insufficiency缺血性心脏病 ischemic heart disease 心绞痛 angina pectoris稳定型心绞痛 stable angina pectoris不稳定心绞痛 instable angina pectoris初发型心绞痛 recent onset angina pecto

35、ris恶化型心绞痛 accelerated angina pectoris变异型心绞痛 variant angina pectoris (Prinzmetal angina)梗塞后心绞痛 postinfarction angina pectoris卧位型心绞痛 angina decubitus 冠状动脉溶栓术coronary artery thrombolysis 重组，组织型，纤维蛋白溶酶原，激活剂Recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator ，rt-PA心肌梗死 myocardial infarction 心内膜下心肌梗死 subendocar

36、dial myocardial infarction心肌梗塞后综合征 postinfarction syndrome心源性休克 cardiogenic shock心肌桥Myocardial bridging乳头肌功能失调或断裂 dysfunction or rupture of papillary muscle 乳头 papil心脏破裂 rupture of the heart 栓塞 embolism 心脏膨胀瘤 cardiac aneurysm夹层动脉瘤 dissecting aneurysm 胸主动脉瘤thoracic aortic aneurysm腹主动脉瘤 abdominal aort

37、ic aneurysm，AAA主动脉夹层 aortic dessection室壁瘤 ventricular aneurysm 隐匿型冠心病 latent coronary heart disease心脏瓣膜病 valvular heart disease主动脉弓综合征Aortic arch syndrome 风湿性心脏病 Rheumatic heart disease二尖瓣狭窄 mitral (valve) stenosis主动脉瓣狭窄 aortic (valve) stenosis三尖瓣狭窄 tricuspid (valve) stenosis肺动脉狭窄 pulmonary stenosis

38、主动脉瓣关闭不全 aortic incompetence 三尖瓣关闭不全 tricuspid incompetence 肺动脉瓣关闭不全 pulmonary incompetence 多瓣膜病 multivalvular heart disease 主动脉反流 aortic regurgitation二尖瓣脱垂 mitral valve prolapse感染性心内膜炎 infective endocarditis亚急性感染性心内膜炎 subacute infective endocarditis自体瓣膜心内膜炎 native valve endocarditis 人工瓣膜心内膜炎 prothe

39、tic valve endocarditis 心肌炎myocarditis心包炎pericarditis 心肌病 cardiomyopathy扩张型心肌病 dilated cardiomyopathy 肥厚型心肌病 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy限制性心肌病restrictive cardiomyopathy地方性心肌病 endemic cardiomyopathy右室心肌病Right ventricular cardiomyopathy 致心律失常型右室心肌病Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy(ARVC) 心

40、内膜心肌纤维化 endomyocardial fibrosis ,EMF特发性肥厚性主动脉瓣下狭窄 idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis IHSS非对称性心室间隔肥厚 asymmetric septal hypertrophy ASH心尖部肥厚 apical hypertrophy APH心尖 apex间隔 septum特异性 specific继发性 secondary原发性 primary 原因不明，特发性 idiopathic 酒精性心脏病 alcoholic heart disease 围产期心脏病 peripartal heart dis

41、ease药物性心脏病 Drug-induced heart disease心包炎 pericarditis 急性心包炎 acute pericarditis 化脓性心包炎Purulent pericarditis 结核性心包炎Tuberculous pericarditis 缩窄性心包炎 constrictive pericarditis梅毒性心血管病 syphilitic cardiovascular diseases闭塞性周围动脉粥样硬化Peripheral arteriosclerosis obliteration 多发性大动脉炎Primary arteritis of the aort

42、a and its main branches 血栓闭塞性脉管炎Thromboangitis obliterans 主动脉夹层Aortic dissection 心肌损伤后综合征Postpericardiostomy syndrome 晕厥Syncope 间歇性跛行 intermittent claudication雷诺综合征 Raynaud syndrome深部静脉血栓形成 deep venous thrombosis血栓性浅静脉炎 superficial thrombophlebitis 心血管神经官能症cardiovascular neurosis血栓性静脉炎 thrombophlebi

43、tis 血脑屏障blood-brain barrier脑穿通伤 brain penetrating injury脑外伤 brain trauma3.消化系统 食管 esophagus 胃 stomach十二指肠 duodenum 小肠 small intestine空肠jejunum 回肠 ileum 盲肠 cecum 大肠large intestine阑尾 vermiform appendix横结肠 transverse colon 升结肠 ascending colon 降结肠 descending colon乙状结肠 sigmoid colon 直肠 rectum肝 liver 胆囊 g

44、all bladder胆总管 common bile duct 胰 pancreas腹膜 peritoneum 系膜 mesentery韧带 ligament 小网膜 lesser omentum大网膜 greater omentum 胃食管反流病 gastroesophageal reflex disease , GERD反流性食管炎 regurgitant esophagitis食管裂孔疝 hiatus hernia食管下括约肌 lower esophageal sphincter LES一过性LES松弛 transit lower esophageal spincter relaxati

45、on TLESR食管狭窄 stenosis of esophagus贲门失弛缓 cardiac achalasia食管扩张 dilatation of esophagus憩室 diverticulum充盈缺损 filling defect反流性食管炎 regurgitant esophagitis 食管粘膜白斑 leukoplakia esophagi容量清除 volume clearance H2- 受体拮抗剂 H2 receptor antagonist丁溴东莨菪碱 buscopan质子泵抑制剂 proton pump inhibitor ,PPI食管癌 carcinoma of esop

46、hagus胃炎 gastritis 急性胃炎 acute gastritis急性腐蚀性胃炎 acute corrosive gastritis急性糜烂出血性胃炎 acute erosive and hemorrhagic gastritis 急性化脓性（蜂窝织性）胃炎 acute phlegmonous gastritis 慢性胃炎 chronic gastritis 慢性浅表性胃炎 chronic superficial gastritis慢性萎缩性胃炎chronic atrophic gastritis非甾体类抗炎药 Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug N

47、SAID肠腺化生 intestinal metapasia不典型增生 atypical hyperplasia 发育不良 dysplasia消化不良 dyspepsia幽门螺杆菌 helicobacter pylori HP白斑病 vitiligo特殊染色 warthinstarry多潘立酮 domperidone西沙必利 cisapride 肥厚性高酸分泌性胃病 hypertropnic hypersecretory gastropathy消化性溃疡 peptic ulcer胃溃疡 gastric ulcer ,GU十二指肠溃疡 duodenal ulcer , DU应激性溃疡 stress

48、 ulcer吻合口溃疡 anastomotic stoma ulcer吻合口梗阻 anastomotic stoma obstruct残胃癌 carcinoma of remnant stomach吻合口瘘 anastomotic stoma fistula十二指肠憩室 duodenal diverticulum胃十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔acute perforation of gastroduodenal ulcers胃泌素瘤 gastrinoma奥美拉唑 omeprazole胃癌 gastric cancer早期胃癌 early gastric carcinoma进展期胃癌 advanced

49、gastric carcinoma皮革状胃 linitis plastica肠结核 intestinal tuberculosis跳跃征象 stierlin sign 肠梗阻 intestinal obstruction 麻痹性肠梗阻 paralytic ileus痉挛性肠梗阻 spastic ileus绞窄型小肠梗阻 strangulated intestinal obstruction急性肠套叠 acute intussusception肠扭转 intestinal twist肠系膜上动脉压迫综合征superior mesenteric artery compression syndrom

50、e胃肠道穿孔 perforation of gastrointestinal tract炎症性肠病 inflammatory bowel disease ,IBO溃疡性结肠炎 ulcerative colitis 全结肠炎 pancolitis先天性巨结肠 congenital megacolon中毒性巨结肠 toxic megacolon 息肉 polyp结肠多发息肉病 polyposis coli腺瘤样息肉 adenomatous polyp家族性腺瘤性息肉病 familial adenomatous polyposis,FAP结肠癌 colon carcinoma 直肠癌 carcino

51、ma of the rectum 或rectal cancer或 pimeloma结、直肠癌 colorectal cancer血清癌胚抗原 serum carcinoembryonic antigen , S-CEA功能性胃肠病 functional gastrointestinal disorders，FGD功能性消化不良 functional dyspepsia ,FD肠易激综合征 irritable bowel syndrome ，IBS慢性腹泻 chronic diarrhea 渗透性腹泻 osmotic diarrhea 分泌性腹泻 secretory diarrhea炎症性腹泻

52、inflammatory diarrhea 功能性便秘 functional constipation脾肿大 splenomegaly 胆石症 cholelithiasis胆管炎 cholangitis胆囊炎 cholecystitis急性梗阻化脓性胆管炎acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis，AOSC胆固醇 cholesterol 内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography，ERCP 磁共振胆道成像magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatograp

53、hy，MRCP内镜鼻胆管外引流 endoscopic nasobiliary drainage，ENBD原发性硬化性胆管炎primary sclerosing cholangitis，PSC胆囊癌 gallbladder cancer胆管癌cholangiocarcinoma胆囊息肉样病变polypoid lesions of gallbladder，PLG细胞凋亡 apoptosis自身免疫性肝炎 autoimmune hepatitis AIH肝豆状核变性 hepatolenticular degeneration 肝肾综合征 hepatorenal syndrome酒精性肝病 alcoholic liver disease脂肪肝 fatty liver肝纤维化 fibrosis of liver肝硬化 hepatic cirrhosis 或cirrho