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1、1. This is yet _ (两国人民的又一个共同点).2. His scientific works _(在英语国家得到广泛阅读).3. Revolution means the emancipation of the productive forces,_(改革也是解放生产力).4.He is optimistic _(对现时信息产业的发展状况).5.Work in all fields should be subordinated to and _(服务于经济发展的进程).6._ (直到失去健康) that people know the value of health.7.The

2、 bag was stuffed_( 脏衣服)8._ (很多朋友不在), we decided to put the meeting off.9._ (给我印象最深的) were her liveliness and sense of humor.10.There engines are_ (不如我们制造的那些发动机功率大) .1. another common point between the people of our two countries解析:本题考查通过增补介词使译文的意思更完整。虽然原文没有和between相对应的词,但是"共同点"是两国人民之间在某方面进

3、行比较的结果,所以增补between之后,符合英语表达习惯。增词法也是汉译英中常用技巧之一,再如:她以教书为业。(She is a teacher by occupation.)我已重新考虑了那件事。(I'vehad second thought on that matter.)2. were widely read in English-speaking countries解析:若是按照字面翻译,这句话很可能被译为were widely read in English countries。但是原文中"英语国家"的含义是"讲英语的国家"。这体现了

4、英汉表达差异。请考生看下面这句话的英译:我卖掉了彩电。/I sold out my color TV. 这句译文错误在于,没弄清"彩电"的含义。"彩电"有两层意思:一是指具体的实物,即彩色电视机color TV set;二是指屏幕上出现的影像,即彩色电视color TV。而句子中卖掉的只能是机器,具体的实物。3. and so does reform解析:本题意为:革命是解放生产力,改革也是解放生产力。考点有二:第一,考查词性转移。原文中"解放"用作动词,"生产力"作宾语。译文中处理成名词短语 "对生产力

5、的解放"。第二,考查省译法。我们不能把原文译成and reform also means the emancipation of the productive forces,这种结构显得臃肿累赘。为避免重复,可以选用and so does.来代替这个动宾结构。4. about the present development of information industry解析:"对.表示乐观"可以用句型be optimistic about sth.。这句话不能译成about the status of the present development of info

6、rmation industry。"状况"是一个范畴词,没有实际含义,可省略不译。5. serve the economic development解析:"服务于."即"为.服务",所以要用serve sb./ sth.的结构,不能译成be served to。"进程"也是一个范畴词,可以省略不译。另外,be subordinated to是一个固定结构,含义是"从属于.,隶属于."。6. It is not until they lose it大家对not until/until的用法掌握比较

7、好,不过比较少人用it来替代下文的health,答案的替代比较简洁,翻译中应该避免重复使用同一个词。7.with dirty clothes这里主要是考察be stuffed with (被填满)的用法,这是一个四级单词,是搭配问题。8.With many friends absent这里主要是考察对absent adj./vi./absence n.缺席的各种表达,如果按照原文“不在”翻译,显然比较生硬且与下文不符,因此要善于根据上下文推断原文意思。9.What impressed me the most名词性从句what impressed me the most,有部分沪友遗漏了其中的“

8、the”,表示最高级一般都要使用定贯词the,如the largest、the hardest等。10. less powerful than the ones we have made很多人都用比较级,可是却忽略了比较级是用在形容词/副词上的,如faster、bigger、more beautiful等。因此这里应该用power的形容词powerful,另要强调机器是我们制造的-we have made.1. It was essential that _(我们在月底前签订合同).2. _(家庭人口多好还是人口少好)is a very popular topic,which is often

9、 talked about not only by city residents but by farmers as well.3. We must _(用一切可能的办法来帮助他们).4. We _(尽情地吃了一顿)at the new restaurant last Friday.5. To most of the travelers,_(衣、食、住、行)are all important elements.1. We sign the contract by the end of the month解析:当表示愿望,要求,命令等含义的形容词如 advisable,appropriate,b

10、etter,best,desirable,essential,fitting, imperative,important,impossible,incredible,insistent,natural,necessary, obligatory,preferable,proper,ridiculous,strange,surprising,urgent,vital 出现在形式主语句中时,从句要用虚拟语气。"签订合同"英语固定说法是sign the contract。"在月底前"要用by the end of,而不是at the end of。2. Whe

11、ther a large family is good or not解析:如果按照中文顺序逐一翻译就会得出译文Whether a large family is good thing or a small family is a good thing,这并没有语法错误,但不符合英语表达习惯。"家庭人口多好还是少好"可以理解为:家庭人口多是好事?还是坏事?所以这里我们可以采用反译法,将"还是人口少好"转移为汉语意思为"(人口多是好)还是不好"的英文表达-or not,使译文简洁明了,避免罗嗦。3. help them in every

12、way possible解析:本题最有可能出现的译文是:use very possible way to help them。这样译文不能说错,但不是最间接、最好的翻译。英语里,通常把方式状语放在谓语部分之后,所以可得出译文:help them in every possible way。原句"可能"出现在被修饰语"办法"之前。根据英文习惯,"可能"的对应词possible应该放在所修饰的中心词way之后,所以有了最终译文:help them in every way possible。4. ate to our hearts'

13、; content解析:本题让考生们困扰的是如何翻译"一顿"这个量词。其实,"一顿"是汉语特有的量词表达,是对"吃"这个动作的补充说明。"在那家新餐馆吃"就暗含了"吃了一顿"的含义。英语里没有"一顿"的对应词。一般来说,可以不译,不影响全句意思的表达。"尽情地"是个固定搭配,可译成:to one's heart's content或to the top of one's bent。5. food,clothing,shelter,a

14、nd transportation解析:本题要求考生熟悉汉英习语在转移时的异同。有些汉语习语在转移成英语时不需要变换位置。如:日日夜夜(day and night);但也有一些需要改变前后顺序,如:新旧(old and new);水火(fire and water);田径(track and field);钢铁(iron and steel);贫富(rich and poor);血肉(flesh and blood)。请注意本题中哪些词语的英译改变了顺序。1. _ (为了维护健康),there are at least three things we can do every day.2. _

15、(他大概知道他要做什么),but nothing specific.3. We need to live a regular life. That is,_(我们要早睡早起,戒除烟酒).4. Could you _(给我介绍一本关于物理方面的好书)?5. In addition, we should not _(忽视每个人都想要一个温馨祥和的社会).1. To keep healthy解析:本句意为:为了维护健康,我们每天至少可做三件事。英文里不能将两个或两个以上的简单句糅杂在一句话中。句子需填入部分在全句里充当的成分是目的状语。"维护健康"是未来要去做的事情,是努力的方向

16、,应说成To keep healthy,也可以用In order to keep healthy来表示目的。2. He has some vague ideas about what to do解析:"他大概知道他要做什么"言下之意是:他其实并不清楚要做什么。于是有考生会误译成He has some unclear ideas about what to do. 本题考查选词。unclear是指句意、字迹不清楚,使人难以看懂、不能肯定的。而由nothing specific可知,"他"的想法很多,很混乱,不能形成一个确定的、清晰的计划。所以用vague更

17、准确。vague是指含混不清的,多用于比喻意义,用来表示因逻辑关系不清,言辞笼统而导致的意义不清楚。如:a vague idea(模糊的想法);He was a little vague when I asked what had happened.(我问他出了什么事时,他一无所知。)3. we keep good hours and restrain smoking and drinking解析:"早睡早起"不能按照字面直译成sleep and get up early。这样的翻译就Chinglish了,老外理解不了。我们需要运用意译法。早睡早起的含义就是要有一个合理、规

18、则的作息时间,英文说成keep good hours。另外表示"戒除"的词有:restrain,refrain,stop等。refrain是一个不及物动词,后面不能直接加上宾语 smoking and drinking,必须用及物动词短语refrain from来表示,当然也可以选择restrain或stop或deny oneself to。4. recommend me a good book on Physics解析:这里的"介绍"不能照着字面理解翻译成常见的introduce。作"介绍"讲时是用于人们相遇时进行的"介绍

19、;引见;使互相认识"。这句话中的"介绍"是要请别人给"推荐"一本书,因此要选用recommend作为"介绍"的对应词。同样,翻译"他向我们介绍了一些教学经验"这句话时,也不能使用 introduce。应该译作He told us something about his experience in teaching. 考生要注意,汉译英是一定要首先理解汉语的实际语义,才能避免英语选词错误。5. neglect that everyone wants a friendly and peaceful socie

20、ty解析:本题考点有:ignore与neglect的辨析,宾语从句的运用和形容词"温馨"的表达。ignore也有忽视的意思,但它是指故意忽略某人的存在,不予理睬。如:I tried to tell her but she ignored me.(我打算告诉她,可是她不理睬我。)She saw him coming but she ignored him.(她看见他走过来,但装作没看到他。)neglect强调"疏忽"、"忽略"某个事实,如:neglect their warnings(不顾他们的警告)。本句从含义上讲用neglect更贴

21、切。原句需填补部分是一个从句,neglect可以加that再加从句。 warm有温暖、激烈、热烈、兴奋的意思,但表达"温馨"不合适;而friendly除了表示友好的、友谊的,也可以指气氛温馨。 1. One need only ask first-year university students what music they listen to , how much of it and what it means to them, in order to discover that the phenomenon is universal in America, that

22、it begins in adolescence or a bit before and continues through the college years.2. They start, like the pharisee in the parable , by thanking God that the are not as other men are, and proceed to paint a picture of those other men, hardly more flattering than that which Swift painted of the Yahoos.

23、3. Each time the dream was a promise out of our ancient articles of faith, phrases from the constitution, lines from the great anthem of the nation, guarantees from the Bill of Rights, all ending with a vision that they might one day all come true4. For many the day seemed an adventure, a long outin

24、g in the late summer sunpart liberation from home, part Sunday school picnic, part political convention, and part fish fry.5. It may not “look to it” at once, since it is looking to so many things, but it will be a long time before it forgets the melodious(悦耳的) and melancholy (忧郁的) voice of the Rev.

25、 Dr. Martin Luther Jr., crying out his dreams to the multitude(大众).1、 只要问问大学一年级的学生他们听什么音乐,那对他们有多重要或者说意味着什么,就可以发现在美国是个普遍现象,它开始于青春期或更早的时候但会延续整个大学时代。2、像寓言中的古法利赛人一样,他们感谢上帝他们与普通人不一样,去画那些人的图画,几乎比Swift画的人形兽还要好看。3、每一次梦想都是来自于古老的忠诚的承诺,宪法中的词句,国歌中的歌词,*法案所保证,都是以希望有一天它能成为现实的期望来结束的。4、对于许多人来说,这一天像冒险活动,在盛夏和阳光下长时间等着有

26、的是从家里出来轻松,有的是学校周日野炊,有的是政治会议,有的烤鱼吃。5、也许不能注意到它,因为在注意着许多事情,但是很长时间后也很难忘记Rev、Dr、Martin、Luther.Jr.,用悦耳忧郁的声音向大众呼喊出他的梦想。1. He is _ (他与其说是个学者)as a writer.2. The parents should also set the kids free _ (以便他们自己做选择).3. Some freshmen _(打定主意)to pursue a master's degree after undergraduate studies.4. So it is

27、essential for the students _(深入社会实践)in order to learn something that they can't get in class.5.In order to improve the competence of state-run enterprises,the central government _(已经实行了一系列改革),among which is cutting down the staff.1. not so much a scholar解析:本句意为:与其说他是个学者不如说是个作家。考查的是"与其.倒不如.&

28、quot;的句型。句中所给部分已有as,所以最好用 not so much.as.。如:In many cases,nursing is not so much a job as a way of life.(在许多情况下,护理与其说是是一件工作倒不如说是一种生活方式。)2. to make their own choices解析:考查目的状语"以便"的英文表达,正确答案可以是:in order to/to/so as to+动词,也可以用in order/so+that从句。具体要根据字数要求定。3. make up their minds解析:本句意为:许多大一新生打定

29、主意要在本科毕业后继续争取硕士学位。"打定主意、决定下来"可选用:make up one's mind to do,be determined to do,decide to do。题中pursue表示坚持不懈地追求,如:She pursued the study of English for five years.(她持续不断地学了五年英语。)4. to participate in social practice解析:本句意为:对学生而言,有必要深入社会实践,从而学到课堂上学不到的东西。"深入"事实上是指学生要参与社会实践,因此确切译法是to

30、 participate,"社会实践"可译成social practice或social activity。5. has implemented a series of reforms解析:本句意为:为了提高国有企业的竞争力,政府已经实行了一系列改革,其中一项是裁员。这里大家要记住"国有企业"的表达,而"外资企业"应译为 oversea-funded enterprise或foreign-based company。"实行"可选用implement,carry out,由于是"一系列"改革,因此

31、reform要用复数形式。另外"已经"暗示句子应该用完成时态。1. The finding of this study failed to _ (将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内).2. The prevent and treatment of AIDS is _ (我们可以合作的领域).3. Because of the leg injury, the athlete _ (决定退出比赛).4. To make donations or for more information, please _ (按以下地址和我们联系).5. Please come here at ten t

32、omorrow morning _(如果你方便的话).详解1. take peoples sleep quality into account/ consideration本题重点考查take sth into account这个短语。2. the field (where) we can cooperate / the field in which we can cooperate本题考查定语从句,而先行词作为前置宾语,后面引导的从句需要前置的介词。3. decided to quit the match本题考查对时态的判断能力4. contact us at the following a

33、ddress常见的祈使句表达5. if it is convenient for you / at your convenience本题考查词组at ones convenience.1. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to _ (适应不同文化中的生活). 2. Since my childhood I have found that _(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).3. The victim _(本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time

34、.4. Some psychologists claim that people _(出门在外时可能会感到孤独).5. The nations population continues to rise _(以每年1200万人的速度).详解:1. adapt oneself to the life/living in different cultures本题考查adapt oneself to这个短语,这里to是介词,后面接名词或动名词。2. nothing is more attractive to me than reading本题考查比较结构,另外就是从句的时态。一般来说,当写作目的是叙述

35、时,使用过去时;若表达的内容是议论或常识、真理时,用现在时。3. would have had a chance to survive/of survival本题考查与过去相反的虚拟语气的基本用法。4. might feel lonely when they are away from home.本题考查虚拟语气中的建议句式。5. at a speed / rate of 12 million per year.或 at an annual speed of 12 million考点之一是短语at a speed of,其二是数字1200万人的表达。1. We need not only be

36、 under various external pressures, but also _ (也要面对内心的困惑).2. Would you _(愿意来参加我们的晚会)on Friday?3. After the operation, _(他的身体很健康).4.- Will you be going back home for the Spring Festival?- _(当然啦).5. _(我只发现了几个错误)in your composition.【答案与解析】1. to be in the face of the internal perplexities解析:本句意为:我们不仅要承受

37、种种外界压力,还要面对内心的困惑。这句话考查的是not onlybut also的结构。该结构的前后部分应该保持一致,前半部分用的是not only to,后半部分就应该是but also to。另外,前半句用了under pressure来表达承受压力,后半句最好也用一个介词短语来表达面对困惑之意,与前文相呼应。我们知道,face既可以用作动词也可以用作名词,in the case of意为“面对,面临”。其实全句有三处相对应出现的词或表达,他们是:not only to & but also to;be under & be in the face of;external

38、pressures & internal perplexities。英语里比较注重这种并行结构。2. come to our evening party解析:考查“参加”的表达。Join往往是指参加俱乐部或者协会,如:join a health club;join the Communist Party,或者用join sb表示参加到某人的活动中来。事实上,常常与party搭配的动词是come或者go。如go to a wild party,或come to a Christmas Party。“参加”的另外一些用法有:参加会议(attend the meeting);参加某项活动(t

39、ake part in the activity);参加考试(take/ sit /do the examination);参加礼拜(attend worship);参加社会活动(get about social activities)。3. he is in good health/hes healthy解析:本题看似简单,实际在考查汉英表达习惯差异问题。“他的身体很健康”是一句典型的汉语表达,然而英语里表示某人身体好的时候不用“身体”作主语,直接用“某人”作主语。如果译成his body is healthy就可谓多此一举了。“身体健康”还可以用to be in good conditio

40、n。4. Sure/ Certainly解析:本题也是一道考查汉英表达差异的题。很多考生不假思索地译成Of course。其实,以英语为母语的人使用of course的频率要比中国的考生低得多,只有在回答一些总所周知的问题或表示反语口吻时才说of course。因为of course后面隐含一句话是“当然我知道啦!难道我是一个傻瓜吗?”因此,of course带有挑衅的意味,语气很不友好。在使用方面,sure或certainly语气会婉转很多。同时of course not也具挑衅的意味。正常情况下的说法是certainly not。5. I found a few mistakes解析:fe

41、w和little意为“几乎没有”,a few和a little意为“还有一些,有几个”。但若在a few和a little加上only,意思就变了。即only a few=few,而only a little=little。如:I can have only a little more.(我几乎不能再吃了。)She made only a few mistakes.(她几乎全对。)因此,如果译成I found only a few mistakes,意思就恰恰相反,“你的作文我几乎没发现错误”。这道题说明在汉译英时不能完全对应汉字翻译,而要考虑英语使用习惯和词语搭配。 1._ (通过体育锻炼)

42、,we can always stay healthy.2.According to the scientific research , _ (听音乐能使我们放松).Is this really true?3._ (我们绝对不能)ignore the value of knowledge.4.As is known to all, _ (假冒伪劣商品)harm the interests of consumers.5.Faced with failure,some people can stand up to it, _ (从失败中汲取教训)and try hard to fulfill wh

43、at they are determined to do.【答案与解析】1. By taking exercises解析:通过锻炼,我们可以保持健康。其实这题答案不止一个。“锻炼”可以用名词也可以用动词短语。“通过”可以用by表示方式,through 表示途径。 By taking exercises /Through exercises。往往by用于“by + doing”,而through后接名词哦。2. listening to music enables us to feel relaxed解析:“听音乐”在句中作主语,“听”应当处理成动名词形式。“能使我们放松”很多同学会采用 can

44、 make us feel relaxed的结构。其实,enable就有“能够使某人”的含义,注意enable sb. to do 的表达。3. On no account can we解析:本题是强调语气,强调“决不能”,所以联想到on no account ,by no means,at no time,in no case等。不管用哪一个,都要注意它们是含有否定的意味的,因此在置于句首时应使用倒装语序。4. fake and inferior commodities解析:“假冒伪劣商品”包含两层含义:一是假货,二是次品,在翻译成英文的时候应该注意两层含义的正确译法。“假冒”不能用fals

45、e而应选择fake,“次品”可以说inferior表示质量差,也可以用commodity of low quality。5. draw useful lessons from it解析:句意为:面对失败,有的人能够顽强抵抗,从中吸取教训,努力实现他们的目标。本句由三个并列的谓语成分构成,谓语动词分别是stand up to“汲取”和try。“汲取教训”正确表达为draw a lesson from。然而我们又能从全句判断,从失败中吸取教训是为了将来能够更好地实现目标,因此加上修饰语useful,使内容更明确。1.Everyone has his inherent ability ,_ (只是很

46、容易被习惯所掩盖).2.The importance of traffic safety , _ (无论如何强调都不为过).3.In my opinion , _ (打电动玩具既浪费时间也有害健康).4.There is no doubt that _ (近视是一个很严重的问题)among the youth of our country.5.According to my personal experience , _ (微笑已带给我许多好处).1. which is easily concealed by habits解析:每个人都有与生俱来的能力,只是很容易被习惯所掩盖。本题的难点在于对

47、动词"掩盖"的选择。这里的"掩盖"是抽象含义,并不是像 cover那样能找到真实的掩盖物,所以应该选择conceal,常用搭配由:conceal.from。另外,这句话是一个非限制性定语从句。句子需填补内容是对 ability的补充说明,"能力"是中心词。因此,要用which引导这个非限制性定语从句。2. cant be overemphasized / cant be emphasized too much解析:本句考查的是"再.也不为过的"的说法。英语句型是:cannot + do sth. + too muc

48、h 或 cannot over-do,如:He is so excellent that we cannot praise him too much.(他是这样的优秀,我们怎样称赞他都不过分。)cannot是否定,与too much 和 over-V. 结构连用时强调肯定,表示"怎么.也不为过"。3. playing video games not only takes much time but also does harm to health解析:句子需填补部分的主语是"打电动玩具",虽然"打"是动词,但根据全句结构我们需要将pl

49、ay处理成动名词形式充当主语。此外,考察"不仅.还"的句型。"浪费时间"除了答案表达之外也可以用waste time 。4. near-sightedness is a serious problem解析:There is no doubt that后接从句,从句里应有完整的主谓宾结构。如:There is no doubt that the thief jumped into the room from the balcony in the second floor.(毫无疑问,小偷是从二楼的阳台跳进来的。) "近视"还可以说成my

50、opia 或 short sight 。5. smile has done me a lot of good解析:本题考察"带给某人很多好处"的表达。我们知道"对某人有好处"可以说成do good to sb. 或do sb. good,依此类推,"给我带来很多好处"就是:do a lot of good to me或do me a lot of good 。1. _ (如果机器真的能像人一样会思考的话),there would be no more reason to fear them than to fear men.2. Wh

51、en it is short of water,a plant _(一般用蒸发作为降温的手段).3. He has never mixed with them or _(同他们坦城交流),but has demanded and generally received a respect due to his position and superior intelligence.4.Your Math instructor would have been happy _(给你一次补考机会的)had you gone and explained that your parents were ill

52、 at the time.5. _(随着孩子们在经济上独立出来)of the family,the emphasis on family financial security will shift from protection to saving for the retirement years.1. If machines really thought as men do解析:本题意为:如果机器真的能像人一样会思考的话,那么就没有理由害怕它们,如同没有理由害怕人类一样。考查的是虚拟语气的用法。如果所述与现在事实相反,那么虚拟条件句的从句谓语部分用过去时态,主句谓语部分用would/coul

53、d/might/should+动词原型。如果所述与过去事实相反,则从句谓语用过去完成时态,主句谓语用would/could/might/should+动词现在完成时态。如果所述与将来事实相反,则从句谓语用 should/were to+动词原型,主句谓语用would/could/should/might+动词原型。本题属第一种。2. normally uses evaporation as a means of cooling解析:本题主要考查考生的词汇量。“蒸发”和“降温”可以分别用evaporation,cooling。cool本来是形容词“凉爽的,酷的,好的”,作为动词可以表示降温。本句

54、可译为:在缺乏水分时,植物一般用蒸发作为降温的手段。3. spoken to them on equal terms解析:本题在理解上有一定难度,首先要看懂全句意思:他从来没有同它们亲密来往,或是同它们坦诚交流,但由于他的地位和高人一筹的聪明才智,他要求、也通常赢得了他们的尊敬。“同他们坦诚交流”的“坦诚”英语里没有一个对应词,只有用短语来表示。on equal terms是一个习惯用语,表示“平等相处”。另外,句子需填入部分还要注意前后时态一致。前半句用的是He has never而or暗示前后是并列结构,所以“交流”也应用完成时态。4. to give you a make-up exam

55、ination解析:要看出本题是一个虚拟语气句,had you gone and explained是由于省略了标记词if而部分倒装。“补考”在英文里有固定搭配make-up examination。make up表示弥补、整理、和解、不足等。make-up暗含“补救”的意思。而这句话没有必要译成to give you a chance of make-up examination,因为这样在语义上就犯了重复的错误。这句话完整的意思是:如果你去向他解释你父母那时生病了,你的数学老师会乐于给你一次补考机会的。5. As the children become financially indepe

56、ndent解析:本题考查的是“随着”状语从句,英语可以用as引导。另一个考点是汉语动词词性向英语形容词词性的转换。全句意为:随着孩子们在经济上从家庭中独立出来,家庭经济保障的重心将从保护转移到为退休后的生活储蓄。1._ (他们没有去游泳),they went to play football that day.2.There is no doubt that _ (需求的增长导致了价格的上涨).3.He cannot win a good reputation,_ (因为他多嘴多舌).4.We have reasons to believe that, _ (一个更加光明美好的未来等着我们).

57、5.There are plenty of opportunities for everyone in oursociety,_ (但是只有那些做好充分准备并且高度称职的人)can make use of them toachieve purpose.1. Instead of going swimming解析:原文中 “没有”并不一定要对应成didnt,这里我们可以使用insteadof,使译文简洁明了,合乎英语习惯。采用正译法,用英语不带否定词的表达来代替中文的“没有去”。从本题及ExerciseTwo中的第二题我们可以得出结论:汉译英时,可以灵活变换句型,充分利用英语的否定或半否定语气的词语或结构,以便使译句符合英语习惯。从另一角度看,后半句英语没有出现表示转折含义的连接词(如but),因此Th

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