新视野大学英语复习资料-

1、新视野大学英语复习资料. Vocabulary (词汇：选择一个合适的词语并以适当形式填入相应的句子中，每个词只能使用一次)1. Thiscontroversial book was both praised and criticized, but whether it was read by artists I leave to further research.5. The melting of the polar icecaps and the ensuing rise in the sea level are only the most commonly _ awkward effec

2、ts of climate change.2. A research team has found that increased _ exposure_ to sunlight may decrease the risk of breast cancer.3. I dont think it _ advisable_ that Tim be assigned the job since he has no experience.4. People heave been mobilized to build defenses anddrainflooded land as heavy rains

3、 continue to fall.assemble，pledge，drain，advisable, insult，awkward，controversial，reform，interval，exposureII. Cloze(完形填空：每题选择一个最佳选项) Age sixty is usually considered that theB1 line between middle and old age. It is the time where you areB2 an elderly, meaning somewhat old or advanced beyond middle age

4、. Period of decline comes partly fromC3 and partly psychological factors. The physical cause of decline is a change in the body cells due to the effects of the aging process. The psychological cause of decline has somethingC4 unfavorable attitudes toward oneself, other people, work and life in gener

5、al. Senility(衰老) , a more or less complete physical breakdown, will take place when there is mental disorganization. The individual becomes careless, absent-minded, socially withdrawn, andD5 adjusted.Due to the unfavorable social attitudes toward the elderly, treatment toward them in America, D6 oth

6、er cultures, make them feel no longer useful and unwanted. People who come from countries where respect the elderly is customary usually treat elder people with moreA7 and respect.In fact, old people are a treasure of experience to society. It is expected that old people will play an increasingly ac

7、tive B8 in social and community affairs. Because of the reduction in the numbers of roles the elderly are able to play, it is very likely that they will develop a feeling ofC9. It is our duty to make them better realize their value and help them lead a life of comfort.1. A. changing B. dividing C. s

8、urprising D. combing 2. A. referred B. considered C. adapted D. praised 3. A. mental B. chemical C. physical D. medical 4. A. to meet with B. to start with C. to do with D. to deal with 5. A. successfully B. essentially C. promptly D. poorly 6. A. dislike B. alike C. liking D. unlike7. A. considerat

9、ion B. convention C. contribution D. imagination 8. A. effect B. role C. impact D. affect 9. A. superior B. superiority C. inferiority D. inferior .Reading Comprehension(阅读理解：每题选择一个最佳选项)Passage 2 For most thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident that there is something called human

10、 nature, something that constitutes the essence of man. There were various views about what constitutes it, but there was agreement that such an essence exists - that is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Thus man was defined as a rational being, as a social animal, an an

11、imal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal. More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach to man. An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our epoch is so differ

12、ent from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men in every age have had in common something that can be called "human nature." The historical approach was reinforced, particularly in the United States, by studies in the field of cultural anthropology. The study o

13、f primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. Another factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fi

14、xed human nature was that the concept has so often been abused as a shield behind which the most inhuman acts are committed. In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery. Or in order to prove the rationality and necessity of the

15、capitalist form of society, scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness, competitiveness, and selfishness as innate human traits. Popularly, one refers cynically to "human nature" in accepting the inevitability of such undesirable human behavior as greed, murder, cheating and ly

16、ing. Another reason for skepticism about the concept of human nature probably lies in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable. Yet I believe it is precisely

17、from an evolutionary standpoint that we can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man.1. The traditional view of "human nature" was strongly challenged by_B_. A. the emergence of the evolutionary theory B. the historical approach to man C. new insight into human behavior D.

18、the philosophical analysis of slavery2. According to the passage, anthropologists believe that human beings_B_ . A. are born with diverse cultures B. are born without a fixed nature C. have some traits in common D. change their characters as they grow up3. The author mentioned Aristotle, a great anc

19、ient thinker, in order to_B_ . A. emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept of "human nature" B. show that the concept of "human nature" was used to justify social evils C. prove that he had a profound influence on the concept of "human nature" D. supp

20、ort the idea that some human traits are acquired4. The word " skepticism " (Line 1) in the last paragraph of the passage most probably means_D_.A. pessimism B. imagination C. optimism D. suspicion5. Most philosophers believed that human natureD . A. consists of competitiveness and selfishn

21、ess B. is something partly innate and partly acquired C. consists of rationality and undesirable behavior D. is the quality distinguishing man from other animalsPassage 3  Sports and games make our bodies strong, prevent us from getting too fat, and keep us healthy. But these are not their only

22、 use. They give us valuable practice in making eyes, brain and muscles work together. In tennis, our eyes see the ball coming, judge its speed and direction and pass this information on to the brain. The brain then has to decide what to do, and to send its orders to the muscles of the arms, legs, an

23、d so on, so that the ball is met and hit back where it ought to go. All this must happen with very great speed, and only those who have had a lot of practice at tennis can carry out this complicated chain of events successfully. For those who work with their brains most of the day, the practice of s

24、uch skills is especially useful.  Sports and games are also very useful for character training. In their lessons at school, boys and girls may learn about such virtues as unselfishness, courage, discipline and love of one's country; but what is learned in books cannot have the same deep eff

25、ect on a child's character as what is learned by experience. The ordinary day-school cannot give much practical training in living, because most of the pupil's time is spent in classes, studying lessons. So it is what the pupils do in their spare time that really prepares them to take their

26、place in society as citizens when they grow up. If each of them learns to work for his team and not for himself on the football field, he will later find it natural to work for the good of his country instead of only for his own benefit.1. When we play tennis we have to _B_.A. use, first, our eyes,

27、then the brain and finally the musclesB. make our eyes, brain and muscles work almost at the same timeC. use mainly the arms and legs to hitD. use mainly the muscles so that the ball is met and hit back2. The "complicated chain of events" refers to _C_.A. the passing of information and mak

28、ing of decisionsB. the meeting and hitting back of the ballC. the coordinated(协调的) movements of our eyes, brain and musclesD. a lot of practice before playing tennis3. By character-training, the author means that sports and games can help children _C_. A. live a better life when they grow upB. understand better the virtues they learn in books C. know better how to behave properly in their future lifeD. All of the above4. According to the author, a child's character can be most deeply influenced by _A_. A. what he does out of classB. what he learns in books C. his place in