2016全国高考英语1卷深度解析

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上【答案速查】1234567891011121314151617181920CBACACBAACBBCABBACAB2122232425262728293031323334353637383940ACDCADCABDBCADBDEGFA4142434445464748495051525354555657585960CDCBABADCADBDACBBDAC61.attraction 62. was allowed 63. officially 64. to 65. when66. permitted 67. introducing 68. his 69. days 70.

2、 the一、阅读理解：第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AYou probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams (1860-1935)Anyon

3、e who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel

4、 Peace Prize.Rachel Carson (1907-1964)If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.Sandra Day OConno

5、r (1930-present)When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator (参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. OConnor gave the deciding vote i

6、n many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks (1913-2005)On December 1. 1995, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for mor

7、e than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.21. What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A. Her social work.B. Her teaching skills.C. Her efforts to win a prize.D. Her community background.22. What was the reason for OConnors be

8、ing rejected by the law firm?A. Her lack of proper training in law.B. Her little work experience in court.C. The discrimination against women.D. The poor financial conditions.23. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?A. Jane Addams.B. Rachel Carson.C. Sandra Day OCon

9、norD. Rosa Parks.24. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A. They are highly educated. B. They are truly creative.C. They are pioneers.D. They are peace-lovers. 【篇章导读】这篇文章简要介绍了二十世纪在不同领域做出杰出贡献的四个伟大女性，她们分别是社区楷模简·亚当斯、环保卫士蕾切尔·卡逊、政坛精英桑德拉·戴·奥康纳和民权先驱罗莎·帕克斯。【答案解析】

10、21.A 细节理解题。题目意为：“简·亚当斯在历史上以什么而闻名？”，句中有一个短语be noted for,等于be famous for:以而闻名；根据文章第二段第一句Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.可知，简·亚当斯在社会服务方面成绩卓著，该句句意为：任何得到过社会服务人员帮助的人都要感谢简·亚当斯，其中，who has been helped by a social worker是定语从句。因此，A项符合题目要求。【干扰项分析】B项为“她的

11、教学技巧”，C项为“她为赢得奖励而做出的努力”，D项为“她的社区背景”，文中均没有提到。22. C 细节理解题。题目意为“奥康纳被律师事务所拒绝的原因是什么？”根据第四段中she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman 可知，C项“对妇女的歧视”符合题意，该句意为“她在律师事务所找不到工作，因为她是女人”。【干扰项分析】根据第四段第一句Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952（1952年桑德拉·

12、戴·奥康纳以全班第三名的成绩从斯坦福法学院毕业）可以否定A项“她缺乏法律方面的相应培训”；根据第四段最后一句OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court （奥康纳在最高法院24年工作生涯中对许多重要案子投出了决定性的一票）可以否定B项“她在法院的工作经历不多”；D项“糟糕的财务状况”，文中没有提到。23. D 细节理解题。题意为“谁为美国的民权运动作出了伟大贡献？”，根据最后一段中and kicked off the civil-rights mo

13、vement（开始了民权运动）可知，D项符合题意。【干扰项分析】从第二段中可以看出简·亚当斯在社会服务方面成绩卓著，因此，否定A项；从第三段中可以看出蕾切尔·卡逊致力于环保工作，因此，否定B项；从第四段中可以看出桑德拉·戴·奥康纳驰骋政坛，因此，否定C项。24. C 推理判断题。题意为“对文中提到的这些女子我们可以推断出什么？”根据第二段中Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize（亚当斯成为了赢得诺贝尔和平奖的第一位美国女子），第三段中If it werent

14、for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today（要是没有蕾切尔·卡逊，现在的环保运动就无从谈起），第四段中the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court（进入美国最高法院的第一位女子），和最后一段中kicked off the civil-rights movement（开启了民权运动）可以推断，她们四个都是各自领域里的先锋，因此，C项（她们都是先锋）符合题意。【干扰项分析】A项意为“她们都是高学历”，只有第四段提到桑德拉·戴·奥康

15、纳上过律师学校，因此，否定A项；第二段有by creating shelters意为“通过建造住所”，其中creating与选项中的creative貌似关联，因此，否定B项“她们真的具有创造性”；从第二段中可以看出只有亚当斯获得诺贝尔和平奖，因此，否定D项。【长难句分析】原句：Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and ocean

16、s.分析：该句是个简单句，主语是book,谓语是raised,宾语是awareness, of the-是介词短语作定语，修饰宾语，the dangers和the harmful effects属于并列成分。译文：她在1962年出版的畅销书沉默的春天让人们意识到污染的危险，以及化学药品对人类和湖泊、海洋产生的有害影响。【重点词汇】encourage v.鼓励promote v. 促进；促销【词汇积累】kick off 引起；开始 land v. 使陷于BGrandparents Answer a CallAs a third-generation native of Brownsville,

17、Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away. Even when her daughter and her son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard

18、the move a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to their children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obamas moth

19、er-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study, , 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinsons decision will influence grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow th

20、e example of Obamas family.“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get away from home far enough, fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christiane Crosby, publisher of Graza magazine for grandparents. “We now realize how important family is and how important to be near th

21、em, especially when youre raising children.”Moving is not for everyone. Although every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially kno

22、wing your adult child is struggling but giving up the life you know may be harder.25. Why was Garzas move a success?A. It strengthened her family ties.B. It improved her living conditions.C. It enabled her to make more friends.D. It helped her know more places.26.What was the reaction of the public

23、to Mrs. Robinsons decision?A. 17% expressed their support for it.B. Few people responded sympathetically.C. 32% believed it had a bad influence.D. The majority suggested it was a trend.27.What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?A. They were unsure of themselves.B. They were eager to raise more

24、 children.C. They wanted to live away from their parents.D. They had little experiences for their grandparents.28.What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph? A. Make the decisions in the best interest of their own.B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them.C. Sacrif

25、ice for their struggling children.D. Get to know themselves better.【篇章导读】本篇文章主要探讨了祖父母跟下代人一起生活的利与弊。【答案解析】25. A 细节理解题。题意为“为什么说Garza的搬迁是个成功？”第一段最后一句Today all three generations regard the move a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities意为“如今，三代人都觉得这次搬迁非常成功，让他

26、们的关系更加密切，胜过住在不同的城市”，因此，可以判定A项“加强了家庭联系”正确。【干扰项分析】B项“改善了居住条件”，C项“让她交了更多的朋友”，D项“帮助她了解更多的地方”，文中均未提到。26. D 细节理解题。题意为“公众对Mrs. Robinson的决定是什么反应？”根据文章第二段83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinsons decision will influence grandparents in the American family（83%的人说罗宾逊夫人的决定会对美国的祖父母产生影响）可以判断D项“多数人认为这是一种趋势”符合题意

27、。【干扰项分析】A项“17%的人表示了支持”，B项“很少人作出同情的反应”文中没有提到；根据83%这个赞成数字可以否定C项“32%的人认为会有坏的影响”，这个数字不能超过17%.27. C 推理判断题。本题题意为“Crosby对六十年代人是什么看法？”第三段第一句In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get away from home far enough, fast enough to prove we could do it on our own意思是“六十年代，我们都心存狂野，迫不及待地想要离开家，去证明我们可以独立了”，

28、由此推断C项“他们想要离开父母去生活”符合题意。【干扰项分析】根据第三段第一句可以否定A项“他们不自信”；B项“他们急于养育更多的孩子”，D项“他们很少与祖父母相处”，文中均未提及。28. A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead（可是，有时候说不，而经常去探望他们反而更加明智）可以断定，A项“做决定时要最大程度地考虑自己”符合题意“作者在最后一段建议祖父母怎么办？”【干扰项分析】B项“请孩子们多多看望他们”与文章矛盾，文中是看望孩子们；C项“为奋斗的子女做出牺牲”被作者否定了

29、，因为是在but的前面；D项“更多地了解自己”，文中没有提到。【长难句分析】原句：Although every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.分析：这是一个复合句，although引导的是让步状语从句，其中wants和is willing to是并列谓语；主句中，it是形式主语，后面的不定式to say no-是真正的主

30、语。译文：尽管每一个祖父母都想和孙辈们同住，愿意做出牺牲，但有时候不这样做，而是经常看望他们反而更加明智。【重点词汇】regard v. 看待；把看作 suggest v. 暗示；表明 trend n. 趋势【词汇积累】third-generation n. 第三代 mother-in-law n. 岳母CI am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, Ive done 89 trips of those, 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem

31、cells（干细胞） in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor（捐献者） to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I

32、was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: “well, Im really sorry, Ive got some bad news for you-there are no f

33、lights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: “In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient - please, please, youve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held f

34、or me, re-routed（改道） me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job, youre consciously aware that in that box youve got something that is potentially going to save somebodys life.29. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “cour

35、ier” in Paragraph 1?A. providerB. delivery manC. collectorD. medical doctor30. Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours?A. He cannot stay away from his job too long.B. The donor can only wait for that long.C. The operation needs that much time.D. The ice wont last any longer.31. Whic

36、h flight did the woman put Peter on first?A. To London.B. To Newark.C. To Providence.D. To Washington.【篇章导读】这篇文章主要记述了一个运送干细胞的人一次难忘的经历。【答案解析】29. B 词句猜意题。题意为“下面哪一个可以代替第一段中下面划线的courier?”根据第一段第一句中I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box（我有42个小时用我的小箱子运送干细胞）可以判定B项（投递人员）与courier同义。【干扰项分析】A项“供应者

37、”与donor同义；C项“收集者”和D项“医师”均不能代替courier.30. D 细节理解题。题意：为什么Peter必须在42小时以内结束他的旅程？第一段中because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last（因为我有两个冰箱子，它们只能维持这么久）可以回答题干所提的问题。【干扰项分析】A项“他不能离开工作岗位时间太久”，B项“捐献者只能等那么久”，C项“手术需要那么长时间”，文中均未提到。31. B 细节理解题。题意是“那位妇女先把Peter安排到哪一个航班？” 根据第二段最后一句中re-routed me through

38、Newark and got me back to the UK（改道让我途经Newark,然后回到英国）可以看出B项为正确答案。【干扰项分析】A项是目的地，第二段第二句中有then back to London为证；C项为出发地点，第二段第二句中有I picked up the stem cells in Providence为证；D项为一中途站点，第二段第二句中有fly to Washington then back to London为证。【长难句分析】原句：In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor t

39、o the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most.分析：这是一个简单句，In all是方式状语，from the time-to the time-是范围状语，其中的两个time后面各接一个定语从句；最后是主句weve got 72 hours at most.译文：从干细胞在捐献者身上采集到被植入病人体内，我们总共只有72个小时的时间。【重点词汇】volunteer n. 志愿者 harvest v. n. 收割；得到 drop v. 放下；抛下【词汇积累】stem cells 干细胞 don

40、or n. 捐献者 re-route v. 变更旅程 check-in desk 办理登机手续处DThe meaning of silence carries among culture groups. Silence may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or, worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultura

41、l groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating amon

42、g people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for

43、 reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under dis

44、cussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurs

45、es and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allo

46、wed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.32. What does the author say about silence in conversations?A. It implies anger.B. It promotes friendship.C. It is

47、culture-specificD. It is content-based33. Which of the following people might consider silence as a call for careful thought?A. The Chinese.B. The French.C. The Mexicans.D. The Russians.34. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A. Let it continue as the patient pleases.B. Break it w

48、hile treating patients.C. Evaluate its harm to patients.D. Make use of its healing effects.35. What may be the best title for the text? A. Sound and Silence B. What it means to be silent C. Silence to Native Americans D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold 【篇章导读】这篇文章主要论述了不同文化对“沉默”的看法。【答案解析】32. C 细节理解题

49、。题意为“作者怎么看待谈话中的沉默？”根据第一段最后两句（一些文化群体可能认为沉默特别的不舒服，因此，他们尝试着不让谈话中断，其它文化群体则重视沉默，认为理解一个人的需求时必不可少。）判断，沉默在不同的文化中轻重不一。因此，C项“具有文化特异性”正确。【干扰项分析】A项“意味着愤怒”，B项“提升友谊”，D项“基于内容的需求”，文中均未提到。33. A 细节理解题。题意为“下面哪种人的沉默是要对方仔细思考？”根据文章第二段，只有美洲土著、中国人和泰国人有这种倾向。而选项中只有A符合条件。【干扰项分析】另外三个选项都没有这种意图，他们在下文的其它方面才被提到。34. D 观点态度题。题干为“作者建

50、议护士怎么对待沉默？”从最后一段，尤其是最后一句（懂得沉默治疗价值的护士可以运用这种知识，给自己和其它文化中的病人提供帮助）中可以判定D项“利用它的治疗作用”符合题意。【干扰项分析】A项“只要病人喜欢就让它继续”和B项“治疗病人时打破它”，在文中均被作者否定，证据是最后一段中so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily（不至于过早将之打断或者毫无必要地听之任之）；C项“评估对病人的危害”，文中没有提到。35. B 主旨大意题。文章的第一句为主题句，整篇文章就是围

51、绕这个主题论述的，因此，可以判断B项“沉默意味着什么”是最合适的题目。【干扰项分析】A项“声音与沉默”，文章没有提到；C项“美洲土著看待沉默”比较片面，只能代表一种文化；D项“讲话是银，沉默是金”是一谚语，但文章并未论述两者的优劣。【长难句分析】原句：Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.分析：这是一个复合句，whe

52、n引导的是时间状语从句，anxiety后面接一个定语从句，which/that在定语从句中作宾语，因此被省略。译文：遇到病人焦虑的时候，护士以及其他护理人员需要留意沉默的真实含义。【重点词汇】value v. 重视 communicate v. 交流 conflict n 矛盾；冲突【词汇积累】heal v. 治愈；和解 unnecessarily adv. 不必要地；多余地 reflection n. 反射；沉思【篇章译文】沉默的意义存在于各种文化群体中，它可以代表深思，当一个人无话可说时则毫无意义。交谈中的沉默也可以表示倔强、局促不安或者忧虑。一些文化群体可能认为沉默特别的不舒服，因此，他

53、们尝试着不让谈话中断，其它文化群体则重视沉默，认为理解一个人的需求时必不可少。许多美洲土著都很重视沉默，感觉它是人与人之间交谈的基础，这一点与传统的中国人和泰国人很相像。所以，这些文化中如果有人说话时突然停住，他就是在暗示听众考虑一下他所说的话，然后再继续讲下去，这样的话，沉默就是期待听众的反应。其它文化对待沉默可能是另外一种情形，尤其是应对人与人之间的冲突，或者与不同权力的人打交道。比如说，俄国人、法国人和西班牙人可能用沉默来表示同意党派之间所讨论的话题，而墨西哥人对位高权重之人提出的论点则用沉默来代替粗鲁的争辩，还有，在亚洲文化中，沉默则代表尊重，尤其对老年人或权威人士。遇到病人焦虑的时候

54、，护士以及其他护理人员需要留意沉默的真实含义，护士应该认清病人沉默的个人以及文化成分，这样，就不至于过早将之打断或者毫无必要地听之任之，懂得沉默治疗价值的护士可以运用这种知识，给自己和其它文化中的病人提供帮助。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Secret codes(密码)keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when

55、information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years.36Code breaking never lags(落后)far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography. There are three main types of cryptography.37For example, the first letters of “M

56、y elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.” 38You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Lets number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read“13 5 5 20 13 5.” 

57、;A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book.39For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”. The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.”40However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently. A. It is very hard to break a code wit