商务英语写作讲义及习题

1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流商务英语写作讲义及习题.精品文档.BEC中级写作电子讲义第一讲 BEC写作概述1 测试范围与选材 1、身份介绍 (Personal Identification)PARTFunctions/Communicative TaskInputResponseRegister1Business Correspondence:e.g. giving instructions, explaining a development, asking for comments, requesting information, agreeing to reques

2、tsRubric only (plus layout of output text type)Note, message, memo or e-mail (40-50 words)Neutral/informal2Correspondence:e.g. explaining, apologising, reassuring, complainingReport:describing, summarisingProposal:describing, summarising, recommending, persuadingOne or more pieces of input from: bus

3、iness correspondence (medium may be letter, fax or e-mail), internal communication (medium may be note, memo, or e-mail), notice, advert, graphs, chart, etc. (plus layout if output is fax or e-mail)Business correspondence (medium may be letter, fax or e-mail) or short report or proposal (medium may

4、be memo or e-mail) (120-140 words)Neutral/formal 2、 工作环境与日常事务 (The office，general business，environment and routine) 3、接待与闲暇活动 (Entertainment of clients，free time，relationships with colleagues and clients) 4、商务旅行 (Travel) 5、健康 (Health) 6、购买与销售 (Buying and selling) 7、公司结构、系统及程序 (Company structures，sys

5、tems，processes) 8、产品与服务 (Products and services) 9、成果与成就 (Results and achievements) 其外，还会涉及其他的一般商务话题（Business issues）。2 测试题型分析题型： 1商务便条类； 2商务便函类；3商务书信类；4. 商务报告类注意：BEC不是单纯的英语考试，也不是考察商务知识。对策：学习、模仿高水平的论文例题解析：l You work for a company which produces laser printersYou are visiting another company，Softcell,

6、 to buy some computer software for your departmentThey have expressed an interest in your companys printers and you would like to take twenty brochures and three sample printers with you相关词汇：laser, inkjet, projector (Barco), photocopier (Xerox), fax machine, scanner, computer, monitor相关词汇：company li

7、terature; brochure; leaflet; flyer; white book; data sheet; prospectusl Write a short note to Mr. Jim Asano，the Sales Managerl Asking for his permission to take these itemsl Explaining why you want theml Mentioning the time and date when you want to collect themWrite 40-50 words on your Answer Sheet

8、.便函便条类题目的结构Input: situation descriptionTask: memo, note, email content pointsWrite: internal message (40-50 words)注意：格式；发挥部分要确切评分标准BEC写作评分方法级别第一部分分数5全部完成答题要求l 所有内容点都已包括在内并在答题要求允许的情况下加以发挥l 语言规范、自然；错误最少，均属小错。l 多样化的语言结构和丰富的词汇量。l 组织效果好，注意前后呼应。l 语域和格式完全适当。给读者的印象极佳。9或10分4较好的完成答题要求l 所有内容点都处理得不错。l 大体准确；运用复杂

9、语言时有错误。l 结构合理，用词准确。l 大体上组织较好，注意逻辑关系。l 语域和格式总体来说适当。给读者的印象良好。7或8分3尚能达到答题要求l 所有的主要内容点已包括进去，遗漏了一些次要的内容。l 出现一些错误，但不妨碍交流。l 结构和词汇掌握范围适度。l 组织和安排总的来说令人满意。l 语域和格式尚可，虽然并不完全成功。给读者的印象较好。5或6分2不能完全达到答题要求l 遗漏了一些主要的内容点或者处理得不充分，可能有些不切题。l 有时错误影响清楚交流，错误较多，使读者感到迷惑。l 结构、词汇掌握范围有限。l 内容条理不清、不连贯，造成理解困难。l 语域和格式不适当。给读者的印象不佳。3或

10、4分1未能达到答题要求l 显著的内容遗漏/或大量内容不相关，可能由于对题目要求的误解。l 严重不规范，经常出现基本错误。l 题目要求的结构和词汇几乎没有提到。l 缺乏组织，造成交流失败。l 几乎没有使用适当的语域和格式。给读者的印象极差。1或2分0什么要求也没达到。字数少于所需字数的25%，或是完全不能辨认或是完全不切题。0分注意：content; accuracy; conciseness【例题】l Christmas is coming. Your company is going to hold the annual Christmas party. As the secretary o

11、f the general manager, you help arrange the preparation for it.l Write a memo to all employees.l Announcing the planned party.l Welcoming all employees to join it.l Introducing the programs of it.l Mention the time and place that it takes place.l Write 4050 words on your Answer Sheet商务书信类 这一题型要求考生根据

12、所提供的短文，如书信、传真、便函、留言条(电话留言条)等，起草一封书信，字数要求达到120140词左右。题目结构：Input: 1 situation description 2 task 3 target readerReading: texts in note, letter, fax, memo + content points (handwritten notes; second letter)Write: business letter (120-140 words)注意英美拼写问题 【例题】l You have organised a production conference f

13、or your company which will be held on 10 October 2005. The following is the letter of confirmation you received from the Conference Centre.l Read the letter and fax below, which gives details of the conference.l Then, using all information from the fax, write your letter to John Smith at the Nuffiel

14、d Conference Centre, explaining the changes to the arrangements.l Do not include postal addresses.l Write 120-140 words on separate sheet.Dear Conference Organiser,I am writing to confirm the arrangements for the conference.DATE AND TIME: 10th October-10 a.m. to 5 p.m.NUMBER OF GUESTS: 50ROOMS RESER

15、VED 10 a. m. to 12: 30 p.m.CONFERENCE HALL 32 p.m. to 5 p.m. SEMINAR ROOMS 1, 2, and 3CATERING: Coffee-11 a.m. to 11:30 a.m.Lunch-12:30p.m. to 2p.m.Conference Centre RestaurantTea-4 p.m.We look forward to welcoming your company to the Nuffield Conference Centre.Yours faithfully,John Smith Today your

16、 Production Manager has sent you the fax below with changes he would like to make to the conference arrangementsFAX Im afraid we have to make some last-minute changes to the arrangements for our production conference.1. Ten more guests have accepted.2. The President wants only one hour for lunch, an

17、d just a simple buffet-not seated in the restaurant.The Conference Speaker（Tom Moors）cant come until 2 pm. So he will give his presentation in the afternoon. Can we move the seminars to the morning?Sorry about this!Sam注意：1 不要跑题 2 适当发挥 3 目标读者 4 不要抄袭三种对策：a 换句型e.g. This rule applies in every case. Ther

18、e are no exceptions to the rule. (肯定句变否定句)b 换同义词e.g. The arguments put forward by these two authors are nearly the same.The views expressed by the two writers are almost identical.c 改词性e.g. The English language has had a major impact on developing other world languages.Other world languages have bee

19、n greatly affected by the English language in their developments.商务报告类 【例题】 l You recently attended a one-day course on office management. Below is the course programme, with the comments you wrote on it.l Write a short report about the course for your Manager. Include all your comments and say whet

20、her your company should send other staff on this course. Write 120-140 words.l Write on your Answer Sheet. Do not write in capital letters.good, practicalvery general, nothing newOFFICE MANAGEMENT SEMINARField House, London26 May 1999PROGRAMME9.00-10.45Managing people and developing productive Worki

21、ng relationships10.45-11.00Coffee11.00-12.45Planning the day, work-flow, prioritising12.45-1.30Lunch1.30-3.15Problem-solving and decision-making3.15-3.30Tea3.30-5.00Staff appraisal and staff developmentuseful ideasfell asleep!too short to meet peopleRecommend?第二讲 BEC写作的语言、语法、组织和文体评分标准：级别第一部分分数第二部分分数

22、5全部完成答题要求l 所有内容点都已包括在内并在答题要求允许的情况下加以发挥l 语言规范、自然；错误最少，均属小错。l 多样化的语言结构和丰富的词汇量。l 组织效果好，注意前后呼应。l 语域和格式完全适当。给读者的印象极佳。9或10分18或20分4较好的完成答题要求l 所有内容点都处理得不错。l 大体准确；运用复杂语言时有错误。l 结构合理，用词准确。l 大体上组织较好，注意逻辑关系。l 语域和格式总体来说适当。给读者的印象良好。7或8分14或16分3尚能达到答题要求l 所有的主要内容点已包括进去，遗漏了一些次要的内容。l 出现一些错误，但不妨碍交流。l 结构和词汇掌握范围适度。l 组织和安排

23、总的来说令人满意。l 语域和格式尚可，虽然并不完全成功。给读者的印象较好。5或6分10或12分2不能完全达到答题要求l 遗漏了一些主要的内容点或者处理得不充分，可能有些不切题。l 有时错误影响清楚交流，错误较多，使读者感到迷惑。l 结构、词汇掌握范围有限。l 内容条理不清、不连贯，造成理解困难。l 语域和格式不适当。给读者的印象不佳。3或4分6或8分1未能达到答题要求l 显著的内容遗漏/或大量内容不相关，可能由于对题目要求的误解。l 严重不规范，经常出现基本错误。l 题目要求的结构和词汇几乎没有提到。l 缺乏组织，造成交流失败。l 几乎没有使用适当的语域和格式。给读者的印象极差。1或2分2或4

24、分0什么要求也没达到。字数少于所需字数的25%，或是完全不能辨认或是完全不切题。0分0分评分五个方面：1 content2 language3 structure & vocabulary4 organisation展开论述上面的5个方面1 内容的完整性2 语言 6C原则1准确(correctness) 包括四层意义，即阅读人能理解、接受的英语水平；使用精确措词，传达准确信息；正确地使用语法和标点符号；拼写正确。 (1)恰当的语言风格 请比较下面两组例词： Formal Informal approximately inquire ascertain obtain assist par

25、ticipate construct purchase contribute sufficient difficult utilize AboutAskfind outreceivehelpsharebuildbuygiveenoughharduse (2)准确的措词和信息 下面列出的是一系列极易混淆的单词及词组，请注意区分： a lot / allotall right / alright cannot / can not different from / different than . due to / because of effect / affect fewer / less li

26、e / lay principal / principle that /whichtheir / them / they' re wait for / wait on who / whom (3)正确的语法和标点符号 (4)正确的拼写 2清楚(Clarity) (1)逻辑布局(Logical Organization) 常用的逻辑布局方法包括： 因果关系(Cause & Effect) 时间顺序(Chronological Development) 序列顺序(Sequential Development) 比较(Comparison) 一般到特殊(From General to

27、 Specific) 特殊到一般(From Specific to General) (2)合理构架句群与段落(Well-Written Sentences & Paragraphs) 例句： 修改前: Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago, and it now has branch offices in four states, and it employs nearly 400 individuals.修改后: Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago. With

28、branch offices in four states, it now employs nearly 400 individuals. (3)统一性与一致性(Unity and Coherence) (4)强调(Emphasis) 位置重复数量 技巧 (5) 将句中关系紧密的词尽量靠近。 比较下面三对句子：A. They bought a bicycle in Beijing in a small shop which costs $ 25.00.They bought a bicycle for $25.00 in a small shop in Beijing.B. He was wa

29、rned not to drink water even in a restaurant which had not been boiled.He was warned not to drink water which had not been boiled.C. Those who work rapidly get ill in these conditions.Those who work in these conditions rapidly get ill. (6) 避免在同一个句子中使用意义不同的同一个字。 We shall take a firm line with the fir

30、m We shall take a strong line with the film 3简洁(Conciseness) A. We have begun to export our machine to countries abroad. We have begun to export our machines.B. In the event that you speak to Mr. Wood in regard to production, ask him to give consideration to the delivery schedule. If you speak to Mr

31、. Wood about production, ask him to consider the delivery schedule.C .We require furniture which is of the new type. We require new-type furniture.(1) 使用简洁的语言(Use simple language)尽量使用 避免使用pleasewill you be good enough topreferexpress a preference forbecausefor the reason that (2) 少用陈词滥调(Omit trite e

32、xpressions)as the case may beit has come to my attentionat an early age avail yourself of this opportunity previous to crack of dawn pursuant to your request take the liberty to due to the fact that thanking you in advance enclosed herein this is to inform you under separate cover with kindest regar

33、ds I wish to state(3) 避免冗长的表达方式和不必要的重复(avoid wordy expressions & unnecessary repetition)。 WordyConcise1. We would like toplease2. For the month of Augustfor August3. Pursuant to the end of this weeknow4. A long period of timea long time5. At this timenow6. Is at this timeis7. The weight was high

34、er thanthe weight was greater than8. I expected it to beexpected9. During the year of 1995during 199510. For the development offor developing11. In the city of Dallasin Dallas12. The problem was that the car would notthe car would not start start13. Square in shapesquare14. in accordance with your r

35、equestyou requested15. Sign on the front of this formsign this form16. During the time thatwhile17. Consensus of opinionwe agree18. Remember the fact thatremember19, Held a meetingmet20. this is the situation at this timenow (4)删改无关紧要的成份(Remove unneeded facts) A. It should be noted that this is the

36、best we can do,B. For your information we enclose a catalogue.C. Please be advised that we have received your invoice.1. as soon as possible by July 102. as you indicated in your letter as you indicated3. at all times always4. at this time now5. continue to utilize the old form untilstart using the

37、new form on February such time as the new form is available6. despite the fact thatdespite7. for the month of Aprilfor April8. for obvious reason thatbecause9. I would ask that youpleaseI0. in conjunction withwith11. in the mere recent pastrecently12. in the unlikely event thatif13. in the unlikely

38、event that I am unable to if I am late, please delay the meeting be on time, please delay the meeting14. in view of the fact thatbecause15. it will be greatly appreciated if youplease16. our production of the new product willproduction will begin on July 1 commence on July 117. please be advised tha

39、t we expect you toplease review the contract review the enclosed contract (5)多使用主动语态的句子结构以明确表达意思。Payment of their accounts will be made by Johnsons next week Johnsons will pay their accounts next week4具体(Concreteness)(1) 尽可能地提供明确、具体的信息。A. These brakes can stop a car within a short distance. These Go

40、odson power brakes can stop a 2-ton car within 24 feet.B. We hope the equipment will be delivered to our company as soon as possible. Please deliver the equipment to our company before next Friday.C. She is a fast typist. She types at the fast rate of 85 words per minute. (2) 使用具体词汇 A. We have no he

41、sitation in advising you We advise youB. The preparation of new price scale is in hand. New price scales are being prepared this week.C. Due to the unusual nature of the request,As the request is unusual,a great deal of time, bad, large, good, small, around, old, convenient, young, little, majority,

42、 minority, most, less 5完整(Completeness) 自查：谁(Who)? 什么(What)? 什么时候(When)? 在哪里(Where)? 为什么(Why)? 怎么样(How)? 6礼貌(Courtesy) 例如：Dear Mrs. Walters,Because you delayed so long in your response, Model GSF is off stock. If you are interested, we have some similar models on handYours truly,修改： Dear Mrs. Walter

43、s If I had known your needs before May 20, I could have shipped Model GSP immediately. However, the spring sale drained our stock. The Model GSK, a similar instrument, is in stock, and you could have it at the same price as the GSF. It normally sells for $10,000 more. we will ship it as soon as you

44、give us the word.Yours sincerely 使用礼貌友好的词汇A. 说“Thank you" , 例如:Thank you for your letter of yesterday.Thank you for your prompt reply.Thank you for helping us in this respect.Thank you for your information. (2)体谅对方的写作态度(You-Attitude)Writer emphasis: We are shipping your order on Friday.Reader e

45、mphasis:You will receive your order by Monday, October 10.Writer emphasis: To reduce our costs, we are changing the billing system.Reader emphasis:To provide you with clear records, we are changing our billing system.Writer emphasis:I was pleased to hear that the project was completed.Reader emphasi

46、s:Congratulations on successfully completing the projectWriter emphasis:We regret that you closed your account with us a week ago. We believe that people may come back to our bank again sooner or later since we have a good credit among our customers.Reader emphasis:A week ago you closed your account

47、 with us. Whatever the reason, we are pleased to have played some small part in your program. You are cordially invited to use our 'other services as occasion may require. (3) 措辞得体(Appropriate Wording)a避免采用消极性的词汇或句式Negative Wording:The office is closed after four O'clock,Positive Wording:The

48、 office is open until four O'clock.Negative Wording:When I received your complaint, I checked our records.Positive Wording:When I received your letter, I checked our records.Negative Wording:Because you failed to connect the cable, the picture was blurred.Positive Wording:The picture was blurred

49、 because the V-2 cable was not connected to the terminal.Negative Wording:You did not read my recent letter.Positive Wording:Please refer to my June 10th letter.Negative Wording:The Executive Board did not receive notification.Positive Wording:Several members of the Executive Board inquired about th

50、e time of our December meeting. Will you please send them a follow-up?Negative Wording:Your letter was not clear.Positive Wording:I would appreciate an outline of our marketing differences that you mentioned in your October 14th letter.b.有失礼貌的言词We deny your claimcomplaintWe do not believeconfusionWe

51、 are not surecontraryWe find it difficult to understandcontrivanceWe expectdelinquentWe insistdenyWe are forceddisagreeableWe take issueexasperateYou forgotfailureYou neglectedignoranceYou failed toimpatienceYou misunderstoodincompetentYou mustincredibleYou should knowinexcusableYou do not haveinfer

52、enceYou are delinquentinsincereYou insist thatinsinuateYou did not sayinsultingYour ignoringintolerableYour credit refusalirresponsibleYour recent complaintirritatedYour failure tolackYour misunderstandingneglectYour neglectful attitudeobjectionYour disregard forobnoxiousYour insinuationoffensiveYou

53、r lack of communicationunbelievableYour delinquent accountuncooperative (4)避免使用有性别歧视之嫌的词语A用“person”代替第三人称单数。例如:Instead of:Please share this report with your supervisor. He will find it interesting.Say:Please share this report with your supervisor, who will find it interesting.B有一些常用的商务英语词汇有性别歧视之嫌，应该稍加改变。 Instead of SayBusinessman workmen Chairman Foremen