2012年出版自考《英语二》讲义第二章

1、A Famous QuoteSuccess is going from failure to failure without losing your enthusiasm. Winston Churchill成功就是经历一次一次失败后，热情依旧。温斯顿丘吉尔TEXT A Spilt Milkcry over spilt milkexpress regret for sth. that has happened and cannot be remedied发生而无法补救的事懊悔New Wordsspill v. （ especially of liquid ） to flow over the

2、edge of the container by accident洒出，泼出，溢出respond v. to do something as a reaction to something that somebody has said or done应，响应interview v. to ask somebody questions about their life, opinions, etc., especiallyor television for a newspaper or magazine （媒体）采访；访问creative adj. involving the use of sk

3、ill and the imagination to produce somethingof art 创造（性）的；创作的occur v. to happen 发生；出现remove v. to take something or somebody away from a place移开；拿开；去掉refrigerator n. a piece of electrical equipment in which food is kept cold so that it staysfresh 冰箱grip n. an act, of holding somebody/something tight

4、ly紧握；紧抓slippery adj. difficult to hold or to stand or move on, because it is smooth, wet or polished滑的；滑的抓不住（或站不稳，难以行走）的content n. the things that are contained in something所容纳之物；所含之物为已经（使）作出反on the radionew or a workveritableadj. a word used to emphasize that somebody/something can be compared to s

5、omebody/something else that is more exciting, more impressive, etc.十足的；名副其实的；不折不扣的yell v. to shout loudly, for example, because you are angry, excited, frightened or in pain喊；大喊；吼叫lecture n. a long angry talk that somebody gives to one person or a group of people becausethey have done something wron

6、g （冗长的）教训，训斥，谴责mess n. a dirty or untidy state肮脏；杂乱；不整洁rarely adv. not very often 罕有；很少；不常puddle n. a small amount of water or other liquid, especially rain, that has collected in oneplace on the ground 水洼；小水坑eventually adv. at the end of a period of time or a series of events最后；终于restore v. to brin

7、g somebody/something back to a former condition, place or position使复原；使复位，使复职sponge n. a piece of artificial or natural material that is soft and light and full of holesand can hold water easily, used for washing or cleaning海绵块effectively adv. in a way that produces the intended result or a successf

8、ul result有效的tiny adj. very small in size or amount 极小的；微小的discover v. to find out about something or information about something 了解到；认识到；查明grasp v. to take a firm hold of somebody/ something抓紧；抓牢lip n. the edge of a container or a hollow place in the ground （容器或凹陷地方的）边，边沿renowned adj. famous and res

9、pected 有名的；闻名的；受尊敬的remark v. to say or write a commend about something/somebody谈论；评论opportunityn.a time when a particularsituationmakes it possible to do or achieve something机会；时机scientificadj. connected with science科学（上）的；关于科学的valuable adj. very usefu1 很有用的；很重要的；宝贵的Phrases and Expressionsin this ma

10、nnerin the way which something is done or happens用这种方式众不同洒出，泼出，溢出发生而无法补救的事懊悔set apart from to make somebody/ something different from or better than others重点词汇讲解spill v. ( especially of liquideg: The ink spilt all over the desk.Who has spilt/spilled the milk?用法：cry over spilt milk区别；使与) to flow over

11、 the edge of the container by accident(使)墨水洒了一桌子。谁把牛奶泼出来了 ?express regret for sth. that has happened and cannot be remedied.为已经eg: You've broken it now; it's no use crying over spilt milk!你现在既已把它损坏了，后悔是没有用的 !interview v. to ask somebody questionsabout their life, opinions, etc., especially o

12、n the radioor television for a newspaper or magazine（媒体）采访；访问eg: We interviewed 20 people for the job.为这份工作我们对 20 人进行了面试。衍生：inter- 在之间internet 互联网international 国际的interview 面试-ee 动作的受动者interviewee n. person who is interviewed（面试中）受审核者；被接见者；被采访者employee 雇员， examinee 考生-er 动作的执行者主持面试者；接见者；采访者interview

13、er n. person who conducts an interviewemployer 雇主， examiner 考官re- = again =rename 重命名replace 替代remove v. to take something or somebody away from a place移开；拿开；去掉用法： sth./sb. ( from sth. )eg: remove the dishes(from the table ) (从餐桌上)撤去碗碟restore v. to bring somebody/something back to a former condition

14、, place or position使复原；使复位，使复职用法： sb./sth. to sth.eg: restore sacked workers to their old jobs使被解雇的工人复工remark v. to say or write a commend about something/somebody谈论；评论用法： on/upon sth./ sb.eg: I couldn't help remarking on her youth.我脱口而出说她那么年轻。Spilt MilkP1Have you heard of the story about spilt

15、milk? Well, we all know there is no use crying over spilt milk. But this story is different. I would hope all parents would respondin this manner.P2I recently heard a story about a famous research scientist who had made several very important medical breakthroughs. He was interviewed by a newspaper

16、reporter who asked him why he was so much more creative than the average person; whatset him so far apart from others?P3He responded that, in his opinion , it all came from an experience with his mother that occur red when he was about two years old. He had beentrying to remove a bottle of milk from

17、 therefrigerator when helost his grip onthe slippery bottle and it fell, spilling its contentsallover the kitchen floora veritable sea ofmilk!P4When his mother came into the kitchen,instead of yelling at him, giving him a lecture , orpunishing him, she said, "Robert,what a great wonderful mess

18、you have made!I have rarely seensuch a huge puddle of milk. Well, the damage has already been done.Would you like to get down andplay in the milk for a few minutes before weclean it up ?"P5Indeed, he did. After a few minutes, his mother said, "You know, Robert, whenever youmake amesslike t

19、his, eventually you have to clean it up andrestore everything to its proper order. So,how would you like to do that? We could use a sponge, a towel, or a mop. Which do you prefer?" He chose the sponge and together they cleaned up the spilt milk.P6His mother then said, "You know, what we ha

20、ve here is a failed experiment in how to effectivelycarry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let's go out in the back yard andfill thebottlewith water and, see if you candiscover a way to carry it without dropping it."The little boylearned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near t

21、he lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. What a wonderful lesson!P7The renowned scientist remarked thatit was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to beafraid to make mistakes. Instead, he learned that mistakes were just opportunities for learning something new, which

22、 is, after all, what scientific experiments are all about.Even if theexperiment " doesn't work", we usually learn something valuable from it.P8Wouldn't it be great if all parents would respondthe way Robert's mother responded to him ?EXERCISESI Check your comprehensionis a stor

23、y about a famous research scientist who .A) looked smarter than the average personB) was an unordinary boy when he was youngC) became well-known after an interviewD) achieved great success in the medical field答疑编号0201：针对该题提问【正确答案】D【答案解析】本题是对这则故事主人公身份事迹的考查。我们可以从课文第二段第一句中找到答案 who had made several very

24、 important medical breakthroughs ，即一个在医学领域颇有成就的著名科学家，因此答案为D.did he get the milk spilt all over the kitchen floor?A) He failed to remove the bottle and it fell.B) He was too young to carry the heavy bottle.C) He had no confidence in taking the bottle.D) He loosed his grip on the bottle deliberately.

25、答疑编号0202：针对该题提问【正确答案】A【答案解析】本题是对细节的考查。我们可以从课文第三段第二句找到答案， he lost hisgrip on the slippery bottle and it fell, 因为他没有抓住光滑的瓶子，瓶子掉了，因此A正确；D项前面说法正确，但是deliberately 意为“故意地”，明显不合文意。答案为 A.did his mother respond to his mistake?A) She punished him by making him clean the kitchen.B) She shouted to stop him from

26、doing anything.C) She allowed him to play in the milk first.D) She taught him how to carry the bottle immediately.E) 答疑编号0203：针对该题提问【正确答案】 C【答案解析】本题是综合细节考查题。答案需要阅读第四段全文，归纳得出，问题问的是妈妈对他的错误的反应，从第四段关键词语可以得出，当他妈妈赶到厨房，非但没有C.朝他喊叫，训斥他或是责罚他，还让他到牛奶堆里玩，因此 C为正确答案。答案为mother and the son went out in the back yard

27、to .A) find some water to clean the bottleB) find a way to carry the bottle effectivelyC) search for another bottle to hold the milkD) see how to fill the bottle without dropping itE) 答疑编号0204：针对该题提问【正确答案】 B【答案解析】本题着重考查细节。我们首先可以找出提问句子是在文章第六段第二句，答案在其后面， see if you can discover a way to carry it witho

28、ut dropping it译为“看是否能够找到一个方法来拿住它而不掉下来”，因此正确答案为B.is said in the passage that mistakes give chances to .A) know the truth clearlyB) learn something newC) do some experimentsD) teach a child a lesson 答疑编号0205：针对该题提问【正确答案】 B【答案解析】本题是对文章主旨的考查。通过阅读文章第七段第二句可以得到答案，即he learned that mistakes were just opportu

29、nities for learning something new，译为“他认识到了这些错误正是从中学习新知识的机会”。因此B 为正确答案。III Bridging the Gap介词用法介词 + 宾语(名词性形式)in summer, in Beijing, in the first place名词 + 介词 + 宾语形容词+ 介词 + 宾语动词 + 介词 + 宾语eg: I teach in a university in Beijing and I am fond of my job.动词用法主语 + 不及物动词eg: My cellphone doesn't work.我的手机

30、坏了。主语 + 不及物动词+介词+ 宾语eg: Look at time! We should have been at the theatre ten minutes ago. 瞧，都什么时候了 ! 十分钟 前我们就该到戏院了。主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语eg: Do you speak English?你讲英语吗？形容词用法形容词 + 名词eg: It's a long story. 说来话长。系动词( be, become, turn ) +形容词eg: I'm glad to see you. 很高兴见到你。副词用法修饰形容词、副词、动词eg: She is a ver

31、y smart girl and can speak English very fluently.without fear under unavoidable so thatsuccess reach wisely as long as betweenLots of people don't dare to make（ 1 ） that they will be ridiculed or blamed by fearthat they will lose their money and belongings or be（ 2） a lot of risks are（ 3） andthe

32、y do pave the way you must tread upon towards（ 4） . 答疑编号0206：针对该题提问【正确答案】（ 1 ） fear （ 2） under （ 3 ） unavoidable （ 4） success【答案解析】（ 1 ）联系上下文可以知道，上文译为很多人害怕犯错，下文译为他们被嘲笑责备，由此可以得出，空格处应填入表示害怕意思的动词，因此答案为 fear.（ 2 ） 本题考查动词词组的固定搭配。 under stress 意为“承受压力， 在压力之下”。答案为 under.（ 3 ）从下文意思可以看出，每个成功的人都曾犯过错，因此 risk （

33、风险）是不可避免的，unavoidable意为“不可避免的”。答案为 unavoidable.（ 4 ） 由空格前半句的含义可知， 此处应填入 toward 表示动作行为的所向目的地成功。答案为success.Have you ever heard of someone who achieves success（ 5） making any mistakes before? 答疑编号0207：针对该题提问【正确答案】（5 ） without【答案解析】（5 ）从整句话可以看出，此处只能填入一个介词，引导后面的现在进行时态表示伴随状态，只有without 合适。答案为 without.So it

34、 is only natural that making mistakes in your effort to （ 6） your dreams is considereda must, and you shouldn't worry about that as you may get a lot of advantages out of your makingmistakes at least you then can distinguish （ 7 ） the correct and the incorrect portions of whatyou did. 答疑编号0208：针

35、对该题提问【正确答案】（ 6 ） reach （ 7 ） between【答案解析】 （ 6 ） to 引导的不定式做主语， 此处应填入能与 dream 搭配的动词， reachyour dreams 固定搭配，意为“实现你的理想”。答案为 reach.（7）此处考查动词的固定短语搭配。distinguish between "把和区别开“，题中译为“把你做的正确的部分和错误的部分区别开”。答案为 between.Anthony D' Angelo said: "In order to succeed you must fail,（ 8） you know what

36、 to do thenext time", and Robert Louis Stevenson even went to the extreme as to say: "Our business in life is not to succeed, but to continue to fail in good spirits." 答疑编号0209：针对该题提问【正确答案】（ 8 ） so that【答案解析】（8 ）此处考查so that 的用法。 so that 引导目的状语从句时，表示“以便、为了”，从句中常使用 can /could /may /migh

37、t /will /would /should等情态动词或助动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词，在so that前可以用逗号，意思是“因此、所以”。答案为 so that.You needn't worry about anything（ 9） you keep on going by （ 10） learning from yourmistakes and trying even harder. 答疑编号0210：针对该题提问9） as long as （ 10） wisely【答案解析】（ 9 ）本题考查as long as 的用法。表示on conditio

38、n that, providedthat 或 if （只要，如果）的含义，引导条件状语从句。答案为 as long as.（ 10 ）由空格处上下文可看出，此处应填入一个副词修饰动词learning ，观察备选词，只有wisely 符合，意为“明智地，聪明地”。答案为 wisely.IV TranslationSection Aare likely to （积极回应总统的请求） . （ respond to ）答疑编号0211：针对该题提问【正确答案】 respond to the President actively/ in an active manner【答案解析】 此处需要翻译的是to

39、 后面的部分， 因为 to 后面只能接动词原形， 因此“回应”译为 respond to ， “积极”译为actively 或 in an active manner， 答案为 respondto the President actively/in an active manner,blends right into the crowd of teenagers and （只是他的口音与众不同）.（set apart ） 答疑编号0212：针对该题提问【正确答案】 only his accent sets him apart from others【答案解析】此题考查set - apart的用

40、法，"与不同”，后面跟介词from； he做主语，后面跟两个宾语动词blend to 和 set apart ； accent 是名词，“口音”。答案为 only his accent sets him apart from others.（我从来没有见过这么美丽的落日） . （ rarely ） 答疑编号0213：针对该题提问【正确答案】 I have rarely seen such a beautiful sunset【答案解析】本题考查现在完成时态，其由“ have/has + 过去分词”构成，表示动作发生在过去，但与现在的情况有联系，有时无时间状语，有时和一些表示不确定的过

41、去时间状语连用。答案为 I have rarely seen such a beautiful ernment is trying to （恢复人们对国家经济的信心）restore ） 答疑编号0214：针对该题提问【正确答案】 restore people's confidence in national economy【答案解析】restore译为“恢复"。confidence 后面接介词in ,意为"对有信心”。答案为restore people's confidence' in national economy.sever

42、al occasions （她都谈到了这个男孩的进步） . （ remark ） 答疑编号0215：针对该题提问【正确答案】 she remarked on the boy's progress【答案解析】此处考查remark 固定词组搭配。 remark on “谈论；评论”； that 后面引导的是名词性从句。答案为 she remarked on the progress that the boy had made.Text B The CakeNew Wordsglance v. to look quickly at something/ somebody 瞥一眼；匆匆一看；扫

43、视touch n. a small detail that is added to something in order to improve it or make, it complete修饰；润色；装点给（糕饼）覆上糖霜frost v. to cover a cake with icing/frostingaestheticadj. concerned with beauty and art and the understanding of beautiful things审美的；有审美观点的；美学的巨大成功；伟大胜利triumph n. a great success, achievem

44、ent or victorylumpy adj. full of lumps 多块状物的；为块状物覆盖的frosting n. a sweet mixture of sugar and water, milk, butter or egg white that is used to cover and decorate cakes 糖霜（用以装饰糕饼等）blender n. an electric machine for mixing soft food or liquid （电动）食物搅拌器fixings n. pl.（ AmE） the extra things that it is tr

45、aditional to have for a special meal oroccasion （菜肴的）配料requisite adj. necessary for a particular purpose必需的；必备的；必不可少的utensil n. a tool that is used in the house （家庭）用具，器皿phoenix n. （ in stories ） a magic bird that lives for several hundred years before burning itselfand then being born again from it

46、s ashes （传说中的）凤凰；长生鸟clutter n. a lot of things in an untidy state, especially things that are not necessary or arenot being used 杂乱的东西（尤指不需要的或无用的）；杂乱present v. to give something to somebody, especially formally at a ceremony把 交给； 颁发； 授予anniversary n. a date that is an exact number of years after the

47、 date of an important or special event 周年纪念日flash n. a sudden bright light that shines for a moment and then disappears 闪光；闪耀position v. to put somebody/something in a particular position安置；安装；使处于slide v. to movequickly and quietly, for example in order not to be noticed; to make something move in t

48、his way （使）快捷而悄声地移动explode v. to sudden express an emotion 突然爆发，迸发（感情）slip v. to go somewhere quickly and quietly, especially without being noticed 悄悄疾行；溜flip v. to press a button or switch in order to turn a machine, etc. on or off按（开关）；按（按钮）trumpetv.to play a trumpet 发出喇叭声gesturev.to move your han

49、ds, head, face, etc. as a way of expressing what you mean or want做手势；用手势表示grandly adv. in a way that tries to impress other people or make them feel admiration but oftendoes not 骄傲地；自负地slightlyadv.a little 略微；稍 -balanc e adj. in an unsteady position and likely to fall不平衡的；不稳定的layer n. a quantity or

50、thickness of something that lies over a surface or between surfaces 层；表层inspection n. the act of looking closely at something/somebody, especially to check thateverything is as it should be检查；查看；审视moan v. to complain about something in a way that other people find annoying抱怨interject v. to interrupt

51、 what somebody is saying with your opinion or a remark打断（别人的讲话）；插话gently adv. in a gentle way 温柔地；温和地；和缓地disaster n. something that is very bad or a failure, especially when this is very annoying ordisappointing 灾难；不幸；彻底失败storm v. to go somewhere quickly and in an angry, noisy way气呼呼地疾走slam v. to sh

52、ut, or to make something shut, with a lot of force, making a loud noise（使,-）砰地关上silently adv. without making any or much sound 悄悄地；静静地moist adj. slight wet 微湿的；湿润的suffer v. to be badly affected by a disease, pain, sadness, a lack of something, etc. （因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨occasional adj. happening or d

53、one sometimes but not often偶然的；临时的重要议题；争论的问issue n. an important topic that people are discussing or arguing aboutsignificancen. the important of something, especially when this has an effect on what happensin the future （尤指对将来有影响的）重要性，意义stuff n. used to refer to a substance, material, group of obje

54、cts, etc. when you do not knowthe name, when the name is not important or when it is obvious what you are talking about （事物名称不详、无关紧要或所指事物明显时用）东西，物品，玩意儿awfully adv. very; extremely 非常；极其troublesome adj. causing trouble, pain, etc. over a long period of time令人烦恼的；令人痛苦的deserve v. if somebody/something

55、deserves something, it is right that they should have it,because of the way they have behaved or because of what they are值得；应得；应受frustration n. something that causes you to feel frustrated令人懊丧（或懊恼、沮丧）的事物carpetn.a thick woven material made of wool etc. for covering floors or stairs地毯emerge v.to start

56、 to exist 露头；显现dignity n. a sense of your own importance and value 自豪；自尊；自重sanitation n. conditions and processes of keeping places clean and hygienic环境卫生sacrifice n. the fact of giving up something important or valuable to you in order to get ordo something that seems more important 牺牲；舍弃tender adj. easily hurt or damaged 易损坏的；纤弱的；脆弱的responsibility n. a duty to deal with or take care of somebody/something, so that you may beblamed if something goes wrong 责任；负责occasionally adv. sometimes but not oft