2019年岩土工程专业英语.doc

1、岩土工程专业外语词汇大全中英译1 .综合类大地工程geotechnicalengineering反分析法backanalysismethod根底工程foundationengineering临界状态土力学criticalstatesoilmechanics数值岩土力学numericalgeomechanics土soil,earth土动力学soildynamics土力学soilmechanics岩土工程geotechnicalengineering应力路径stresspath应力路径法stresspathmethod2 .工程地质及勘察变质岩metamorphicrock标准冻深standard

2、frostpenetration冰川沉积glacialdeposit冰积层台glacialdeposit残积±eluvialsoil,residualsoil层理beding长石feldspar沉积岩sedimentaryrock承压水confinedwater次生矿物secondarymineral地质年代geologicalage地质图geologicalmap地下水groundwater断层fault断裂构造fracturestructure工程地质勘察engineeringgeologicalexploration海积层台marinedeposit海相沉积marinedepo

3、sit花岗岩granite滑坡landslide化石fossil化学沉积岩chemicalsedimentaryrock阶地terrace节理joint解理cleavage喀斯特karst矿物硬度hardnessofminerals砾岩conglomerate流滑flowslide陆相沉积continentalsedimentation泥石流mudflow,debrisflow年粘土矿物clayminerals凝灰岩tuff牛轲湖ox-bowlake浅成岩hypabyssalrock潜水groundwater侵入岩intrusiverock取土器geotome砂岩sandstone砂口霓spi

4、t,sandspit山岩压力rockpressure深成岩plutionicrock石灰岩limestone石英quartz松散堆积物rickle围限地下水台confinedgroundwater泻湖lagoon岩爆rockburst岩层产状attitudeofrock岩浆岩magmaticrock,igneousrock岩脉dike,dgke岩石风化程度degreeofrockweathering岩石造structureofrock岩石Z构textureofrock岩体rockmass页岩shale原生矿物primarymineral云母mica造岩矿物rock-formingmineral

5、褶皱fold,folding钻孑L柱状图boreholecolumnarsection3 .土的分类饱和土saturatedsoil超固结土overconsolidatedsoil冲填土dredgerfill充重塑土冻土frozensoil,tjaele非饱和土unsaturatedsoil分散性土dispersivesoil粉土silt,mo粉质粘土siltyclay高岭石kaolinite过压密土台overconsolidatedsoil红粘土redclay,adamicearth黄土loess,huangtuChina蒙脱石montmorillonite泥炭peat,bogmuck年粘土

6、clay年粘性土cohesivesoil,clayeysoil膨胀土expansivesoil,swellingsoil欠固结粘土underconsolidatedsoil区域性土zonalsoil人工填土fill,artificialsoil软粘土softclay,mildclay,mickle砂土sand湿陷性黄土collapsibleloess,slumpingloess素填土plainfill塑性图plasticitychart碎石土stone,breakstone,brokenstone,channery,chat,crushedstone,deritus未压密土台undercons

7、olidatedclay无粘性土cohesionlesssoil,frictionalsoil,non-cohesivesoil岩石rock伊利士illite有机质土organicsoil淤泥muck,gyttja,mire,slush淤泥质土muckysoil原状土undisturbedsoil杂填土miscellaneousfill正常固结土normallyconsolidatedsoil正常压密土台normallyconsolidatedsoil自重湿陷性黄土selfweightcollapseloess4 .土的物理性质阿太堡界限Atterberglimits饱和度degreeofsa

8、turation饱和密度saturateddensity饱和重度saturatedunitweight比重specificgravity稠度consistency不均匀系数coefficientofuniformity,uniformitycoefficient触变thixotropy单粒Z构single-grainedstructure蜂窝Z构honeycombstructure干重度dryunitweight干密度drydensity塑性指数plasticityindex含水量watercontent,moisturecontent活性指数级酉己gradation,grading结合水bo

9、undwater,combinedwater,heldwater界限含水量Atterberglimits颗粒级配particlesizedistributionofsoils,mechanicalcompositionofsoil可塑性plasticity孔隙比voidratio孔隙率porosity粒度granularity,grainness,grainage粒组fraction,sizefraction毛细管水capillarywater密度density密实度compactionness年粘性土的灵敏度sensitivityofcohesivesoil平均粒径meandiameter,

10、averagegraindiameter曲率系数coefficientofcurvature三相图blockdiagram,skeletaldiagram,threephasediagram三相土tri-phasesoil湿陷起始应力initialcollapsepressure湿陷系数coefficientofcollapsibility缩限shrinkagelimit土的构造soiltexture土的结构soilstructure土粒相对密度specificdensityofsolidparticles土中气airinsoil土中水waterinsoil团粒aggregate,cumula

11、rpharolith限定粒径constraineddiameter相对密度relativedensity,densityindex相对压密度relativecompaction,compactingfactor,percentcompaction,coefficientofcompaction絮状结构flocculentstructure压密系数coefficientofconsolidation压缩性compressibility液限liquidlimit液性指数liquidityindex游离水台freewater有效粒径effectivediameter,effectivegrainsi

12、ze,effectivesize有效密度effectivedensity有效重度effectiveunitweight重力密度unitweight自由水freewater,gravitationalwater,groundwater,phreaticwater组构fabric最大干密度maximumdrydensity最优含水量optimumwatercontent5 .渗透性和渗流达西定律Darcyslaw管涌piping浸润线phreaticline临界水力梯度criticalhydraulicgradient流函数flowfunction流±flowingsoil流网flown

13、et砂沸sandboiling渗流seepage渗流量seepagedischarge渗流速度seepagevelocity渗透力seepageforce渗透破坏seepagefailure渗透系数coefficientofpermeability渗透性permeability势函数potentialfunction水力梯度hydraulicgradient6 .地基应力和变形变形deformation变形模量modulusofdeformation泊松比Poissonsratio布西涅斯克解Boussinnesqssolution剩余变形residualdeformation剩余孔隙水压力r

14、esidualporewaterpressure超静孔隙水压力excessporewaterpressure沉Bsettlement沉降比settlementratio次固结沉降secondaryconsolidationsettlement次固结系数coefficientofsecondaryconsolidation地基沉降的弹T力学公式elasticformulaforsettlementcalculation分层总和法layerwisesummationmethod负孔隙水压力negativeporewaterpressure附力口应力superimposedstress割线模量sec

15、antmodulus固结沉降consolidationsettlement标准沉降计算法settlementcalculationbyspecification回弹变形rebounddeformation回弹模量modulusofresilience回弹系数coefficientofresilience回弹指数swellingindex建筑物的地基变形允许值allowablesettlementofbuilding剪胀dilatation角点法corner-pointsmethod孔隙气压力poreairpressure孔隙水压力porewaterpressure孔隙压力系数Aporepres

16、sureparameterA孔隙压力系数BporepressureparameterB明德林解Mindlinssolution纽马克感应图Newmarkchart切线模量tangentmodulus蠕变creep三向变形条件下的固结沉降three-dimensionalconsolidationsettlement瞬时沉降immediatesettlement塑性变形plasticdeformation弹性变形elasticdeformation弹性模量elasticmodulus弹性平衡状态stateofelasticequilibrium体积变形模量volumetricdeformatio

17、nmodulus先期固结压力preconsolidationpressure压缩层压缩模量modulusofcompressibility压缩系数coefficientofcompressibility压缩性compressibility压缩才旨数compressionindex有效应力effectivestress自重应力self-weightstress总应力totalstressapproachofshearstrength最终沉降finalsettlement7 .固结巴隆固结理论Barronsconsolidationtheory比奥固结理论Biotsconsolidationthe

18、ory超固结比over-consolidationratio超静孔隙水压力excessporewaterpressure次固结secondaryconsolidation次压缩台secondaryconsolidatin单向度压密台one-dimensionalconsolidation多维固结multi-dimensionalconsolidation固结consolidation固结度degreeofconsolidation固结理论theoryofconsolidation固结曲线consolidationcurve固结速率rateofconsolidation固结系数coefficie

19、ntofconsolidation固结压力consolidationpressure回弹曲线reboundcurve井径比drainspacingratio井阻wellresistance曼代尔克雷尔效应Mandel-Cryereffect潜变台creep砂井sanddrain砂井地基平土固结度averagedegreeofconsolidationofsand-drainedground时间对数拟合法logrithmoftimefittingmethod时间因子timefactor太沙基固结理论Terzaghisconsolidationtheory太沙基-伦杜列克扩散方程Terzaghi-

20、Rendulicdiffusionequation先期固Z压力preconsolidationpressure压密台consolidation压密度台degreeofconsolidation压缩曲线cpmpressioncurve一维固结onedimensionalconsolidation有效应力原理principleofeffectivestress预压密压力台preconsolidationpressure原始压缩曲线virgincompressioncurve再压缩曲线recompressioncurve主固结primaryconsolidation主压密台primaryconsol

21、idation准固结压力pseudo-consolidationpressureK0固结consolidationunderK0condition8 .抗剪强度安息角台angleofrepose不排水抗剪强度undrainedshearstrength剩余内摩擦角residualangleofinternalfriction剩余强度residualstrength长期弓虽度long-termstrength单轴抗拉强度uniaxialtensiontest动强度dynamicstrengthofsoils峰值弓虽度peakstrength伏斯歹U夫参数Hvorslevparameter剪切应变

22、速率shearstrainrate抗剪弓度shearstrength抗剪强度参数shearstrengthparameter抗剪强度有效应力法effectivestressapproachofshearstrength抗剪强度总应力法totalstressapproachofshearstrength库仑方程Coulombsequation摩尔包线Mohrsenvelope摩尔库仑理论Mohr-Coulombtheory内摩擦角angleofinternalfriction年粘聚力cohesion破裂角angleofrupture破坏准贝Ufailurecriterion十字板抗剪强度vane

23、strength无侧限抗压强度unconfinedcompressionstrength有效内摩擦角effectiveangleofinternalfriction有效粘聚力effectivecohesionintercept有效应力破坏包线effectivestressfailureenvelope有效应力强度参数effectivestressstrengthparameter有效应力原理principleofeffectivestress真内摩擦角trueangleinternalfriction真粘聚力truecohesion总应力破坏包线totalstressfailureenvelo

24、pe总应力强度参数totalstressstrengthparameter9,本构模型本构模型constitutivemodel边界面模型boundarysurfacemodel层向各向同性体模型crossanisotropicmodel超弹性模型hyperelasticmodel德鲁克普拉格准那么Drucker-Pragercriterion邓肯张模型Duncan-Changmodel动剪切强度非线性弹性模量nonlinearelasticmodel盖帽模型capmodel刚塑性模型rigidplasticmodel割线模量secantmodulus广义冯米赛斯屈服准那么extendedvo

25、nMisesyieldcriterion广义特雷斯卡屈服准那么extendedtrescayieldcriterion力口工软化worksoftening力口工硬化workhardening加工硬化定律strainhardinglaw剑桥模型Cambridgemodel柯西弹T模型Cauchyelasticmodel拉特邓肯模型Lade-Duncanmodel拉特屈服准贝ULadeyieldcriterion理想弹塑性模型idealelastoplasticmodel临界状态弹塑性模型criticalstateelastoplasticmodel流变学模型rheologicalmodel流动规

26、那么flowrule摩尔库仑屈服准那么Mohr-Coulombyieldcriterion内蕴时间塑性模型endochronicplasticmodel内蕴时间塑性理论endochronictheory年粘弹性模型viscoelasticmodel切线模量tangentmodulus清华弹塑性模型Tsinghuaelastoplasticmodel屈服面yieldsurface沈珠江三重屈服面模型ShenZhujiangthreeyieldsurfacemethod双参数地基模型双剪应力屈服模型twinshearstressyieldcriterion双曲线模型hyperbolicmodel松

27、岗元一中井屈服准那么Matsuoka-Nakaiyieldcriterion塑性形变理论弹塑性模量矩阵elastoplasticmodulusmatrix弹塑性模型elastoplasticmodulus弹塑性增量理论incrementalelastoplastictheory弹性半空间地基模型elastichalf-spacefoundationmodel弹性变形elasticdeformation弹性模量elasticmodulus弹性模型elasticmodel魏汝龙一KhoslaWu模型WeiRulong-Khosla-Wumodel文克尔地基模型Winklerfoundationmo

28、del修正佥U桥模型modifiedCambridgemodel准弹性模型hypoelasticmodel10 .地基承载力冲剪破坏punchingshearfailure次层台substratum地基subgrade,ground,foundationsoil地基承载力bearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基极限承载力ultimatebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基允许承载力allowablebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基稳定性stabilityoffoundationsoil汉森地基承载力公式H

29、ansensultimatebearingcapacityformula极限平衡状态stateoflimitequilibrium加州承载比美国CaliforniaBearingRatio局部剪切破坏localshearfailure临塑荷载criticaledgepressure梅耶霍夫极限承载力公式Meyerhofsultimatebearingcapacityformula普朗特承载力理论Prandelbearingcapacitytheory斯肯普顿极限承载力公式Skemptonsultimatebearingcapacityformula太沙基承载力理论Terzaghibearing

30、capacitytheory魏锡克极限承载力公式Vesicsultimatebearingcapacityformula整体剪切破坏generalshearfailure11 .土压力被动土压力passiveearthpressure被动土压力系数coefficientofpassiveearthpressure极限平衡状态stateoflimitequilibrium静止土压力earthpressueatrest静止土压力系数coefficientofearthpressuratrest库仑土压力理论Coulombsearthpressuretheory库尔曼图解法Culmannnconst

31、ruction朗肯土压力理论Rankinesearthpressuretheory朗肯状态Rankinestate弹性平衡状态stateofelasticequilibrium土压力earthpressure主动土压力activeearthpressure主动土压力系数coefficientofactiveearthpressure12 .土坡稳定分析安息角台angleofrepose分析毕肖普法Bishopmethod分析边坡稳定平安系数safetyfactorofslope分析不平衡推理传递法unbalancedthrusttransmissionmethod分析费伦纽斯条分法Fellen

32、iusmethodofslices分析库尔曼法Culmannmethod分析摩才§圆法frictioncirclemethod分析摩根斯坦-普拉斯法Morgenstern-Pricemethod分析铅直边坡白临界高度criticalheightofverticalslope分析瑞典圆弧滑动法Swedishcirclemethod分析斯宾赛法Spencermethod分析泰勒法Taylormethod分析条分法slicemethod分析土坡slope分析土坡稳定分析slopestabilityanalysis分析土坡稳定极限分析法limitanalysismethodofslopest

33、ability分析土坡稳定极限平衡法limitequilibriummethodofslopestability分析休止角angleofrepose分析扬布普遍条分法Janbugeneralslicemethod分析圆弧分析法circulararcanalysis13 .土的动力性质比阻尼容量specificgravitycapacity波的弥散特性dispersionofwaves波速法wavevelocitymethod材料阻尼materialdamping初始液化initialliquefaction地基固有周期naturalperiodofsoilsite动剪切模量dynamicshe

34、armodulusofsoils动力布西涅斯克解dynamicsolutionofBoussinesq动力放大因素dynamicmagnificationfactor动力性质dynamicpropertiesofsoils动强度dynamicstrengthofsoils骨架波akeletonwavesinsoils几何阻尼geometricdamping抗液化强度liquefactionstress孔隙流体波fluidwaveinsoil损耗角lossangle往返活动性reciprocatingactivity无量纲频率dimensionlessfrequency液化liquefactio

35、n液化势评价evaluationofliquefactionpotential液化应力比stressratioofliquefaction应力波stresswavesinsoils振陷dynamicsettlement阻尼dampingofsoil阻尼比dampingratio14 .挡土墙挡土墙retainingwall挡土墙排水设施挡土墙稳定性stabilityofretainingwall垛式挡土墙扶垛式挡土墙counterfortretainingwall后垛墙台counterfortretainingwall根底墙foundationwall加筋土挡墙reinforcedearthb

36、ulkhead锚定板挡土墙anchoredplateretainingwall锚定式板桩墙anchoredsheetpilewall锚杆式挡土墙anchorrodretainingwall悬壁式板桩墙cantileversheetpilewall悬壁式挡土墙cantileversheetpilewall重力式挡土墙gravityretainingwall15 .板桩结构物板桩sheetpile物板桩结构sheetpilestructure物钢板桩steelsheetpile物钢筋混凝土板桩reinforcedconcretesheetpile物钢桩steelpile物灌注桩cast-in-pl

37、acepile物拉杆tierod物锚定式板桩墙anchoredsheetpilewall物锚固技术anchoring物锚座Anchorage物木板桩woodensheetpile物木桩timberpiles物悬壁式板桩墙cantileversheetpilewall16 .基坑开挖与降水板桩围护sheetpile-bracedcuts电渗法electro-osmoticdrainage管涌piping基底隆起heaveofbase基坑B水dewatering基坑失稳instabilityfailureoffoundationpit基坑围护bracingoffoundationpit减压井rel

38、iefwell降低地下水位法dewateringmethod井点系统wellpointsystem喷射井点eductorwellpoint铅直边坡的临界高度criticalheightofverticalslope砂沸sandboiling深井点deepwellpoint真空井点vacuumwellpoint支撑围护bracedcuts17 .浅根底补偿性根底compensatedfoundation持力层bearingstratum次层台substratum单独根底individualfooting倒梁法invertedbeammethod刚性角pressuredistributionang

39、leofmasonaryfoundation刚性根底rigidfoundation高杯口根底根底埋置深度embededdepthoffoundation基床系数coefficientofsubgradereaction基底附力口应力netfoundationpressure交叉条形根底crossstripfooting接触压力contactpressure静定分析法浅根底staticanalysisshallowfoundation壳体根底shellfoundation扩展根底spreadfooting片筏根底matfoundation浅根底shallowfoundation墙下条形根底热摩奇金法Zemochkinsmethod柔性根底flexiblefoundation上部结构-根底-土共同作用分析structure-foundation-soilinteractionanalysis弹性地基梁板分析analysisofbeamsandslabsonelasticfoundation条形根底stripfooting下卧层substratum箱形根底boxfoundation18 .深根底贝诺托灌注桩Benotocast-in-placepile波动方程分析Waveequationanalysis场铸桩台cast-in-placepile沉管灌注桩div