英语语法专业术语

1、英语语法专业术语语法grammar句法syntax词法morphology结构structure层次rank句子sentence从句clause词组phrase词类partofspeech单词word实词notionalword虚词structuralword名词noun专有名词propernoun可数名词countablenoun不可数名词uncountableno抽象名词abstractnoun具体名词concretenoun物质名词materialnoun集体名词collectivenoun16 / 16个体名词individualnoun介词preposition连词conjuncti

2、on动词verb主动词mainverb及物动词transitiveverb不及物动词intransitiveverb系动词linkverb助动词auxiliaryverb情态动词modalverb规则动词regularverb不规贝U动词irregularverb短语动词phrasalverb限定动词finiteverb非限定动词infiniteverb使役动词causativeverb感官动词verbofsenses动态动词eventverb静态动词stateverb感叹词exclamation形容词adjective副词adverb方式副词adverbofmanner程度副词adverbo

3、fdegree时间副词adverboftime地点副词adverbofplace修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interrogativeadverb关系副词relativeadverb代词pronoun人称代词personalpronoun物主代词possessivepronoun反身代词reflexivepronoun相互代词reciprocalpronoun指示代词demonstrativepronoun疑问代词interrogativepronoun关系代词relativepronoun不定代词indefinite物主代词possessivepronoun名词

4、性物主代词nominalpossessive形容词性物主代词adjectivalpossessivepronoun冠词article定冠词definitearticle不定冠词indefinitearticle数词numeral基数词cardinalnumeral序数词ordinalnumeral分数词fractionalnumeral形式form单数形式singularform复数形式pluralform限定动词finiteverbform非限定动词non-finiteverbform原形baseform从句clause从属句subordinateclause并歹峋coordinatecla

5、use名词从句nominalclause定语从句attributiveclause状语从句adverbialclause宾语从句objectclause主语从句subjectclause同位语从句appositiveclause时间状语从句adverbialclauseoftime地点状语从句adverbialclauseofplace方式状语从句adverbialclauseofmanner让步状语从句adverbialclauseofconcession原因状语从句adverbialclauseofcause结果状语从句adverbialclauseofresult目的状语从句adverb

6、ialclauseofpurpose条件状语从句adverbialclauseofcondition真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofrealcondition非真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofunrealcondition含蓄条件句adverbialclauseofimpliedcondition错综条件句adverbialclauseofmixedcondition句子sentence简单句simplesentence陈述句declarativesentence疑问句interrogativesentence般疑问句generalquestion特殊疑问句

7、specialquestion选择疑问句alternativequestion附加疑问句tagquestion反义疑问句disjunctivequestion修辞疑问句rhetoricalquestion感叹疑问句exclamatoryquestion存在句existentialsentence肯定句positivesentence否定句negativesentence祈使句imperativesentence省略句ellipticalsentence感叹句exclamatorysentence基本句型basicsentencepattern句子成分membersofsentences主语su

8、bject谓语predicate宾语object双宾语dualobject直接宾语directobject间接宾语indirectobject同源宾语cognateobject表语predicative定语attribute同位语appositive状语adverbial句法关系syntacticrelationship并歹！Jcoordinate从属subordination修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification限制restriction双重限制double-restriction三邯艮制non-restriction数

9、number单数形式singularform复数形式pluralform规则形式regularform不规则形式irregularform格case所有格possessivecase主格nominativecase宾格objectivecase性gender阳性masculine阴性feminine中性neuter人称person第一人称firstperson第二人称secondperson第三人称thirdperson时态tense过去将来时pastfuturetense过去将来进行时pastfuturecontinuoustense过去将来完成时pastfutureperfecttense

10、一般现在时presentsimpletense一般过去时pastsimpletense一般将来时futuresimpletense现在完成时pastperfecttense过去完成时presentperfecttense各来完成时futureperfecttense现在进行时presentcontinuoustense过去进行时pastcontinuoustense将来进行时futurecontinuoustense过去将来进行时pastfuturecontinuoustense现在完成进行时presentperfectcontinuoustense过去完成进行时pastperfectcont

11、inuoustense语态voice主动语态activevoice被动语态passivevoice语气mood陈述语气indicativemood祈使语气imperativemood虚拟语气subjunctivemood否定negation否定范围scopeofnegation全部否定fullnegation局部否定partialnegation转移否定shiftofnegation语序order自然语序naturalorder倒装语序inversion全部倒装fullinversion部分倒装partialinversion直接弓I语directspeech间接弓I语indirectspee

12、ch自由直接弓I语freedirectspeech自由间接弓I语freeindirectspeech一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicateagreement语法一致grammaticalagreement概念一致notionalagreement就近原则principleofproximity强调emphasis重复repetition语音pronunciation语调tone升调risingtone降调fallingtone降升调falling-risingtone文体style正式文体formal三营正式文体informal口语spoken/oralEnglish

13、套语formulisticexpression英国英语BritishEnglish美国英语AmericanEnglish用法usage感情色彩emotionalcoloring贬义derogatory幽默humorous讽刺sarcastic挖苦ironic动名词gerund连字号hyphen祈使语气imperativemood祈使句imperativesentences独立成分indefinitecase主句indicativemood物质名词materialnouns句子的成分membersofthesentence情态动词modalverbs语气mood词法morphology否定疑问句

14、negativeinterrogativesentence动词的非限定形式non-finiteformsoftheverb三邯艮制性定语从句non-restrictiveattributiveclauses括号brackets名词的分类classificationofnouns从句（分句）clauses同源宾语cognateobject集体名词collectivenouns冒号colon错综时间条件句conditionalsentencesofmixedtime连词conjunction连接副词conjunctiveadverbs连接代词conjunctivepronouns转化convers

15、ion并歹!1连词co-coordinatingconjunctions可数名词countablenouns破折号dash陈述句declarativesentences定冠词definitearticle指示代词demonstrativepronouns派生（词缀法）derivation（affixation）描绘性定语descriptiveattributes呼语directaddress直接宾语directobject直接弓I语directspeech反意问句disjunctivequestions省略ellipsis省略句ellipticalsentences感叹号exclamation

16、mark感叹句exclamatorysentences动词的限定形式finiteformsoftheverb虚词formwords分数词fractionalnumerals完全倒装fullinversion将来进行时futurecontinuous一般将来时futureindefinite将来完成时futureperfect将来完成进行时futureperfectcontinuous独立结构absoluteconstructions物主代词的绝对形式absoluteformsofpossessivepronouns抽象名词abstractnouns主动语态activevoice方式状语从句ad

17、verbialclausesofmanner地点状语从句adverbialclausesofplace目的状语从句adverbialclausesofpurpose时间状语从句adverbialclausesoftime程度副词adverbsofdegree频度副词adverbsoffrequency方式副词adverbsofmanner地点副词adverbsofplace时间副词adverbsoftime选择问句alternativequestions句子分析analysisofsentences省略号apostrophe同谓语appositive同位语从句appositiveclauses

18、助动词auxiliaryverbs插入语parenthesis部分倒装partialinversion分词短语participialphrases分词participle小品词particle词类partsofspeech过去式pastforms过去分词pastparticiple句号period(fullstop)人称person人称代词personalpronouns成语动词phrasalverbs谓语predicate表语predicative表语从句predicativeclauses前缀prefix(es)介词短语prepositionalphrases现在式presentforms现在分词presentparticiple动词的主要形式principalformsofverbs专有名词propernouns标点符号punctuation问号questionmark弓I号quotationmark相互代词reciprocalpronouns不定代词indefinitePronouns关系副词relativeadverbs关系代词relativepronouns限制性定语从句restrictiveattributiveclauses自身代词selfpron