英语考研写作技巧总结(9页)

1、此资料来自：精品资料网国叫.cnshu,cn)联系电话班手机：13了26808999企业QQ；800003985国供50万份管理资料下载卜万集企业管理资料下载1300GB高清管理讲座硬盘拷贝写作A节（约100words答题纸上10行左右15分钟左右）五种题型：Letter（近来都考书信其他了解一下结卞和写法就好现场发挥）NoticeSummaryMemoReport一.Letter1 .格式：称呼（写给机构用DearSirorMadam,或者ToWhomItMayConcern,写给个人就用DearXXX）正文（一般分三段首段：自我介绍+写作目的第二段：改写提纲+原

2、因或情况尾段：表示感谢+期待回信）落款（Yourssincerely,LiMing）2 .分类的经典句型：（最后三种个人认为考的可能性比较小随便看看吧）（1）道歉信a.Pleaseacceptmysincereapologyforb. Imustbegyourforgivenessforc. Youhaveeveryrighttobeannoyed/irritatedwithd. Iregretthatmycarelessnesshascausedyousomuchinconvenience.e. Iwouldliketoexpressmyapologiesfornotbeingabletoa

3、. Thefactisthatb. Mybehavioryesterdaywasinexcusable,andImusttellhowa. Ihopethissituationcanbeamendedtoeveryone'ssatisfaction.b. Iwillassoonas（2） 求职信a.I'mwritingtoapplyforthepostofb. Inanswertoyouradvertisementinforthepostof,Iwouldliketoapplyforc. I'velearnedfromofyouropening/vacancyfor，a

4、ndamthereforewritingtoapplyforthepost.a. OverthelastXyears,Ib. Enclosedistestimonialfrommyuniversityteacher.c. Ifthesemeetyourrequirement,pleasegrantmeaninterview.（3）辞职信a.Withregret,Isubmitthisletterofresignation.b. IneverimaginedthatIwouldhavetoleave，butdueto,Ihavetomakethedecisiontoc. Ihavedecided

5、tofurthermyeducationinpursuitofd. I'vedecidedtochangethecourseofmycurrentcareergoalsandwillpursueanewdirectionina. IwouldliketoexpressmysinceregratitudeandthanksforallthesupportIhavereceivedoverthelastXyears,andfortheenjoyableexperienceofhavingworkedyourcompany.b. Ihopeyouwillconsidermyrequest,a

6、ndIapologizeagainforanyinconveniencesImighthavecaused.c. MayItakethisopportunitytowishallofyoutheverybestforthefuture.d. IfImaybeofanyassistanceinthehiringprocessortrainingofmyreplacement,Iwouldgladlymakemyselfavailabletothiseffortduringthenextfourweeks.(4) 工作接受信a.ItiswithgreatpleasurethatIacceptyou

7、roffertojoinasb. I'mpleasedtotakeyourofferatthesalaryofannuallyc. Asweagreed,mystartingdatewillbed. Thankyouagain,Mr./Ms.X,forofferingmethiswonderfulopportunity,anddoletmeknowifIcandoanythinginadvance,orifthereareanyaspectsyoudlikemetopreparefor.(5) 感谢信a.Iappreciateyourtakingthetimetodob. Iappre

8、ciatethetimeandeffortyouexpendedonc. I'dliketoconveymydeepestadmirationtoyoufora.Asadirectresultofyourefforts,Ihavebeenabletothatwillproveinvaluabletob.couldnotexist/happenwithoutthegenerousandheartfeltsupportfromyou.c. Immostappreciativeofeverythingyoudidforme.d. Iwouldnothavemanageditwithoutyo

9、urhelp.e. Youweretheretomeetmyneedsinsensitiveandconsiderateways.a. IhopeIcanreturnthefavorsomeday.b. DocallmeifIcaneverreturnthefavor.(6) 询问信a.Wouldyoupleasespendafewminutesansweringsomequestionsabout？b.Asweparticularlyinterestedin，weshouldbegratefulifyouwouldkindlya. Iappreciateyourtakingthetimeto

10、answerthesequestions.b. Iwouldappreciatereceivingyouranswerby(时间)(7) 投诉信a.ItiswithgreatreluctancethatImustinformyouthatb.Imustcomplainthata. I'mdisappointedbecausetheproduct/serviceb. Thishasputusintogreatinconvenience.c. Therefore,Iamreturningandwouldgreatlyappreciateitifyoucouldreplaceit.a. Iw

11、ouldbegratefulifthismatterwouldhaveyourimmediateattention.b. Withadmirationforyourexcellentreputation,I'msureyouwilldoeverythingpossibletoc. Ilookforwardtoyourreplyandaresolutiontomyproblem,andwillwaituntilbeforeseekinghelpfromaconsumerprotectionagency.(8)祝贺信a.I'msopleased/delighted/glad/thr

12、illedtohearthesplendidnewsthatb.Pleaseacceptmyheartiestcongratulationsona. Ireallythinkyoudeservethepositionafteryearsofexperienceyouhavehadina. Mayyouenjoymanymoresuccesseslikethisone.b. Mayyourfuturebeassuccessfulasyouhavealwaysbeen.(9)慰问信a.ItwaswithgreatdismaythatIlearnedofb. MayIexpressmysympath

13、yforyouinthelossofa. Ihardlyliketointrudeuponyouinyourgreatsorrow,butIcannotresisttellingyouhowmuchthatb. We'relookingforwardtoyourearlyreturnto(10)申请信a.I'mastudentin，expectingtograduatewithaBachelor'sdegreethissummer.b.I'mwritinginthehopethatImayobtainanopportunitytofurthermystudyin

14、a. EnclosedpleasefindacopyofrecordsofallsubjectsIhavecompletedattheuniversity.Attachedyouwillalsofindthreelettersofrecommendationbythreeofmysupervisors.b. Yourfavorableconsiderationofthismatterwillbegreatlyappreciated.(11)推荐彳言a.InreplytoX'srequestforaletterofrecommendation,Ihavegreatpleasuretowr

15、itethisletterinhisfavor.b.Inresponsetoyourrequestforinformationabout，Iwouldbehappytoa. IfirstbecameacquaintedwithXin，whenb. Sheisalwayspunctualandwillingtotakeonnewassignments.c. Herabilitytointeractwithcustomersandresolvethecomplaintsinapleasantmannergaveusasignificantadvantage.a. Wearereluctanttol

16、ethimgo,butwerecognizethatthispositionwouldbeanexcellentprofessionalopportunityforhim.b. Igavehermyhighestrecommendations,withoutconservation.c. Pleasecallmeifyouhavefurtherquestions.d. I'msureyouwillfindhimhonest,intelligent,hardworkinginthebestsenseofthewords,asIfoundhimhere.二.Notice1 .标题（必须写标

17、题！一般为短语e.g.ContributionsWantedAnnouncement）2 .日期（一般需要注明！标题下一行右对齐January15,2011）3 .正文（一般写三段采用现在进行时or将来时）4 .署名（个人or单位后者的署名中实词首字母大写）P.S经典开头句型：Yourattention,please.IthasbeendecidedthatisrequesttonotethatUndertheauspicesof，areport/lecture/seminaronwillbegivenbyoninUndertheauspicesof，willorganize/holdamat

18、ch/competition/contestbetweenand三.Summary1 .标题（必须写标题！大小写规则：a.实词首字母大写，虚词小写b.首尾两词首字母均需大写）2 .时态（第三人称表达一般现在时&现在完成时&一般过去时结合使用）3 .句型（不分段！先写啥后写啥要有逻辑顺序尽量用短句慎用长句）4 .重视短段落（中文原文中出现的一至二句短段落，应引起高度重视，可能是总结、过渡、转折，一般需要翻译，般无需通读全文，只需读懂每段前两句和尾句即可）四.Memo1 .写作格式：Date：To：(AllFaculty)From：(LiMing)Subject:(FacultyM

19、eeting)2 .写作特点：下面空一行开始写正文；不写称呼、正文结尾、结束语、签名。五.Report1 .写作格式：To:From:Date:Subject:正文(类似memo)2 .写作内容：提出问题、解释&分析、结论&建议3 .米取信函形式写作B节（约160-200words答题纸上20行左右45分钟左右可适当多留点时间构思作文阅读快点做）通常写成三段：一、图画或图表描述段（3句其中可适当议论一句）二、意义阐释段（5句分析图画的意义or原因or表现）三、建议措施段（4句发表自己的议论或看法）下面分别分析：一、Introduction1. Generaldescriptio

20、n总体描述（人物/动物/事物+动作+环境）句型E.g.被动Asisvividlyrevealed/illustrated/reflected/depictedinthecartoon/drawing/picture/photo,Itisvividlydescribedinthepicturethat主动Thecartoon/drawing/picture/photovividlyreveals/illustrates/reflects/depicts2. Details挖掘细节句型E.g.Inonepicture,Onthecontrary,Inthefirstdrawing,Bycontra

21、st,3. Caption文字说明句型E.g.Thecaptionreads,“”二、Body1. Topicsentence：（一句文章中心symbolicmeaning）句型E.g.Thesymbolicmeaning/implicationistoshowusthat（意义）Thepurposeofthedrawingistoshowusthat（目的）Thepictureillustrates/conveysthemeaningthatThedrawinghassubtlyrevealed/reflectedaproblemthat（现象）Thefactthatindicatestha

22、t2. Argument（三句论证原因or解释or例证）从五大角度考虑：Background（政、经、文、社With，）Facts（Thereisnodenyingthefactthat）Otheropinions（欲扬先抑）WhatthepictureconveysgoesfarbeyondInstead,itcarriesmeaningsTobeginwith,thepurposeofistoshowusthat，yetthesymbolicmeaningssubtlyconveyedshouldbetakenmoreseriouslyReasonsConsequences3. Summa

23、ry（小结-Brieflyspeaking,）三、Conclusion总结提出建议展望未来好词好句积累Give an impetus to =play a pushing role = driving forcesFew would dispute that Call on the public to do A thought-provoking phenomenon/problemSpiritual nourishmentHappiness is more than pleasure without pain.A prevailing trendThe things that bring t

24、he greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment.Capture the hearts and minds is the best policy 为上策Shaping factorsA faithful / loyal customerStrengthen the regulations and lawsPromote moral education makes up a growing percentage of 's populationWhat's more worrisome

25、 is thatCo-existence and integrationThough itself gives little cause for criticism, should do in a proper way.Curb the current evil phenomenon= reverse this disturbingtrendAppealtotheauthoritiesto；CultivatetheawarenessofthepeoplethatMoral=ethical道德的话题,资源问题Almostincomprehensively,themanisHedosenotsee

26、mtorealizewhatavaluablehewilllosewhenThispicturemayprovokedeepthoughtsonenvironmentalissues.Ahealthyenvironmenthasbeenessentialtohumankindforsocialandeconomicaldevelopment,buthumansseemtohaveforgottenthisbasicrule.Wrongutilizationoftheearthandnaturalresourceswillevenresultinathreattoourexistence.Weh

27、umanbeingsmustrethinkourrelationswithnatureandcomeupwitheffectivewaystopreservetheenvironment.,全球变暖Theglaciersinthepolarregionarerapidlymeltingowingtoglobalwarming.Globalwarmingleadstotheriseofsealevels,sothecoastalareaswillbeaffectedseverely.increasesthepossibilitiesandintensityofextremeweathersuch

28、ashurricanesandsnowstorms.Takingintoaccountthedevastatingeffectsofglobalwarming,wecandrawtheconclusionthatFacingthegrowingmenaceofglobalwarming,weshouldinalargescaletoturnthepresentsituationaround.Excessiveamountofcarbondioxideemissions,creatingadiversifiedeconomyandLaNinaphenomenalagdisorder.千里之行始于

29、足下Thebeginningseemstobehardandpainstaking,butitisanindispensiblestep.Nomatterwhatwearegoingtodo,westartwithouraction.Thoughplanninganddreamingisimportant,actionisessentialforoursuccess.Themostaccomplishedpeopleintheworldhavealwaysmadeperseveranteffortsbeforetheysucceed,asMadamCurieandEdisondidasscie

30、ntists,andBeethovenandBachdidasmusicians.有关环境的词汇WildlifespeciesPromote/advocatelow-carbonliving.TheextinctionofwildlifeinhabitableareasPopulationexplosionextinct=vanishThedestructionofecologicalbalanceglaciersmeltingDesertificationcoastalcitiesDeforestationtheimpactofcarbondioxide阅读A!（用时1小时每篇15分钟自己适

31、当调整这部分最多可延长10分钟）一.解题四步骤（如遇难题可以采用看一题、读一段、做一题的方式）1 .扫描题干，划出关键词2 .通读全文（重点：首段、其余各段的段首段尾、转折句思考：中心是啥？核心概念是啥？作者态度是啥？）3 .仔细审题，返回原文（两大定位原则：关键词定位&自然段定位）4 .重叠选项，得出答案二.宏观阅读法1 .灵活使用三种不同的阅读方法：A. skimming略读（可跳读的信息有：例子、引用、数据、实验过程、冒号后的补充说明部分）B. scanning快速扫描C.Closereading细读2 .首先看清文章有几个自然段？每段之间是并列还是转折关系？3 .把握五种结构：

32、A总分总：把握首末段呼应就等于确定中心B开门见山型：第一段直接亮出中心C花开两朵型：把握两个核心概念的区别和联系D问题答案型：一般来说问题是中心，阅读的目的是寻找答案E抛砖引玉型：第一段是引子，第二段亮出中心三.微观阅读法（标点符号的作用）1.两个逗号之间是补充说明成分时，可以先不读。2.分号表并列：语义上并列or结构上并列。3 .冒号后面进一步补充说明前面的信息，冒号的前后有一个从抽象到具体的过程。4 .两个破折号之间是补充说明的成分，可以先不读。5.引号：引用or反讽、讽刺6.括号：补充说明or解释生词四.具体题型1 .例证题（抓出论点）标志：题干中出现example/illustrate

33、这些词时返回原位找到该例证所在位置，80%向上20%向下搜索周围区域，寻找例证支持的观点（例子周围概括性抽象表达）与四选项比较，得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案（错误答案设置经常是：就事论事混淆论点论据）注意：举例的目的是支持论点，例子读不懂没关系2 .主旨题（串线、摘帽）标志：Thebesttitle/mainlyabout/mainlydiscuss串线法：抓首段和其余各段首句，把它们的意思连结成一个整体，注意总结性提示词和转折词错误答案设置特征经常是：局部信息（选项内容文章内容）范围过宽（选项内容文章内容）主旨最常出现的位置：A段落中特别是首段中出现转折时B作者有意识反复重复的观点C首段出

34、现疑问句时一般就是中心D提出中心时的文字提示有：转折、总结、最重要的3 .态度题（感情色彩+论述主线）一般来说作者整体态度的答案是客观、乐观、积极向上的选项，而biased、puzzling、indifferent、detached通常不是一般来说，含有过分强烈的或绝对化的表达通常不选，而持保留态度的比较客观的选项通常是正确答案。要注意看清是作者的态度，而非作者引用别人的态度！4 .判断题（选项聚焦）解题的关键是把四个选项聚焦到文中一两个点中做题时先扫描四个选项，寻找选项中相同的词或容易定位的词5 .词汇题（搜索代入）原则：A不论该词多超纲，根据上下文都能得出其含义B不论该词多熟悉，都必须通过

35、上下文得其特定含义答案经常蕴藏在原文该词出现的附近，搜索时应注意：同位语、特殊标点、定语从句、前后缀6 .推理题（意相近，形相远）注意：不能想太多，推太远标志：infer、suggest、imply、learn看可否通过题干或选项返回原文某一两个点进行推理先不要进行推理，若有选项和原文意思完全相同，则该选项必然正确。正确答案有以下两种类型：原文复述型（决不是照抄）文中未直接提出但意思由推想可以得出且含义紧贴原文上网查关于环境方面的词汇！Protecttheenvironmentandconserveenergyareeveryone'sresponsibility.Theearthis

36、theonlyhomeforourhumanbeings.weallhavearesponsibilitytotakecareit,notonlyforus,butforouroffspring.Sincethebeginningoftheindustrialage,wepeoplespeedupthepacetoaskformoreresourcesandenergyfromtheearth.Justlikethefossilfuels,wealmostexploitthemupjustinabout200yearsincontrasttheirformationisaboutmillion

37、sofyears.Fortunately,moreandmorepeoplerecognizetheimportanceofprotectingtheearth.Measureshavebeentakenbymanygovernmentsandlawshvebeenmadetosaveourhomefromdestroying.InordertoProtectEnviromentandConserveEnergy,wepeoplecandomanythings.Forexample,wecanusecleanenergy,suchassolarpower、windpower、nuclearen

38、ergy、hydroelectricpowertosubstitutetraditionalenergyAftersomucheffortmadebyus,Ihopethattheearth,ourhomewillbebetterandbetter.SavetheEnergyResourcesAnotherroundofenergycrisisisknockingatthedoor.In2004,worldoilconsumptionreachedanewrecord,causingoilpriceintheinternationalmarkettoskyrocketamazingly.AsforChina,itwasreported