高考英语阅读理解考点突破讲解

1、高考英语阅读理解考点突破讲解一、考点分析I. 常见考点突破 比较结构的概念 比较结构句型复杂，形式多样，是考试中的重要考点，较常出现于考题中，是 考生在英语阅读中一大难点。常见比较结构1. “ the较级，the+比较级”结构该结构前面部分是状语从句，后面部分是表示结构的主句，整个句子表示“后面部分随着前面部分变化而变化”。e.g.: The older we grow, the poorer our memory will become.2. than引导的比较结构more than "不只是”。e.g.: Jason ismore than a lecturer; he is a

2、 writer, too. no morethan/ not any more than “与样不 不能简单地把该结构看成是more than的否定形式。它可能是一种感情上的否定，也可能是一种特殊的类比形式。e.g.: The heart is no more than intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.no other than"除之外没有别的，不是别的正是”e.g.: The murderer turned out to beno other personthan the

3、 inspector himself.3. as引导的比较结构as as结构，意为“和一样，像一样”e.g.: He woke upas suddenly as he had fallen asleep.2) not so much as 结构，表示“与其不如e.g.: The oceans donot so muchdivide the world as unite it.4. like 引导的比较结构Like / Unlike + n. 的比较通常放在句首，其比较对象是句子的主语。因此看到这 类型的题目首先判断的就是对应的主语是否和like 后面接的名词是对等的对象。e.g.: Unlik

4、e a typical automobile loan, a lease-loan does not require the buyer to make an initial deposit on the new vehicle.特殊的比较结构1. 句型 A is to B what C is to D.该句型中的what为连词，用来比较两种事物之间相同或相似的关系，意为“A之于 B 就如同 C 之于 D 一样 ”。e.g.: To the Portuguese, the dry salted coids what pastais to the Italians.2. 一些词的原级本身就具有比

5、较意义，气候常常接介词to 引出比较的对象，如：senior to ，junior to ，anterior/ prior to ，superior to ，posterior to ，prefer to ， inferior to e.g.: The childrenprefer camping in the mountainsto an indoor activity.3. 表示对比的一些标志性词语，如：like, unlike, in contrast, in comparisons,compared with等，也经常被用来对两个事物、两个事实、两种观点进行对比。e.g.: The P

6、rime Minister s support staff is tiny in comparison with that of a US President.1. 从真题中透析解题思路Even as Americans have been gaining weight, they have cut their average fat intake from 36 to 34 percent of their total diets in the past 15 years. And indeed, cutting fat to control or lose weight makes sen

7、se. Fat has nine calories per gram. Protein and carbohydrates have just four. Moreover, the body uses fewer calories to metabolize fat than it does to metabolize other foods. Compared with protein and carbohydrates which break down into amino acids and simple sugars, respectively, and can be used to

8、 strengthen and energize the bodydietary fat is more easily converted to body fat.Therefore, it s kmeolyretolistay on buttocks, thighs and bellies.But cutting fat from your diet doesn t necessarily mean your body wonFor example, between nonfat and regular cookies, there s trivial difference i becaus

9、e manufacturers make up for the loss of fat by adding sugarthan ever before. Low-fat crackers, soups and dressings can also be just as high in calories as richer versions. No matter where the calories come from, overeating will still cause weight again. The calories from fat just do it a little quic

10、ker. A Wisconsin computer programmer who decided with a diet coach to eat only 40 grams of fat a day learned the lesson firsthand. He wasn ' t losing weight. Then he showed his food diary to his coac and revealed he ' d been eating half a pojend oeans a day. " They don ' t have <

11、 fat J he explains. But they had enough sugar to keep him fiom shedding an ounce.Nonfat foods become add-on foods. When we add them to our diet, we actually increase the number of calories we eat per day and gain weight than ouexpectation. That was borne out in a Pennsylvania State University study.

12、 For breakfast, Prof. Barbara Rolls gave two groups of women yogurt （酵母孚L） that contained exactly the same amount of calories. One group' s yogurt label said“high fat 'fat. ” The "low fat “ yogurt group ate significantly more calories later in the day than other group. " People thi

13、nk they ' ve saved fat and can indulge themselves later in day with no adverse consequences, says Richard Mattes, a nutrition researcheratPurdue University. " But when they do that, they don' t compensate very prethey often end up overdoing it.”1. What lessons did the computer program l

14、earn?A. Overeating will cause weight gainB. He can eat half a pound of jellybeans a dayC. He can ' t didn ' t eat any fatD. His coach gave him a lecture综合推理题。根据第二段的 A Wisconsin computer programmer who decided with adiet coach to eat only 40 grams of fat a day learned the lesson firsthand. He

15、 wasn losing weight. Then heshowed his food diary to his coach and revealed he' d beeating half a pound of jelly beans a day.推断出 B、C、D 三项不符合原文内容。2. Prof. Barbara ' s experiment proved thatA. two groups ate the same amount of caloriesB. two groups ate the same amount of yogurtC. the “low fat

16、” yogurt group ate more calories later in the day than the other grouD. people increase the number of calories they eat per day and gain group细节理解题。从第三段的 When we add them to our diet, we actually increase thenumber of calories we eat per day and gain weight than our expectatiOFIT以找至 U答案。3. According

17、 to the author, has less calories.A. fatB. protein and carbohydratesC. low-fat soupsD. sugar概括归纳题。根据第一段的“ Fat has nine calories pegram. Protein andcarbohydrates have just four 。第二段'的 because manufacturers make up for theloss of fat by adding sugar than ever before可以推断出正确答案是 B 项。4. What can you i

18、nfer from the text?A. To keep from being overweight, people have to eat nonfat foodB. The calories from fat just do it a little quicker than from protein and carbohydratesC. People should avoid temptationD. Americans realize that it is necessary to count calories before eating the food综合推理题。文章提及美国人想

19、通过减少脂肪摄入量或是吃脱脂食品来减肥，可是稍微不注意就会达到反效果，他们也渐渐意识到这一问题。因此答案是D。【 Keys】 ： A D B D2. 总结：从出题者的角度思考，如何破解阅读理解中的推断题？ 英语阅读理解中的推断题在出题时，题干设计常常会有偷换概念的陷进存在，比如以偏概全或是从后向前推测。考生在解题时要仔细甄别题干和问题及选项中的差异，注意对获取的信息进行多维分析，分清前后和大小关系，避免偷换概念的干扰，陷入出题者所设计的“陷进”中，对比原文阅读之后，逐一排除错误选项。强化练习1. 请分析下面句子中的比较结构考点。1. People are also more likely to

20、 lie in real time in an instant message or phone call, say than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock.2. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology.【K

21、eys:1 .句末的say Hancock可以看作插入成分，也可以看作是这种句式的主句 部分（用倒装结构）。两个破折号中间的内容是插入语，是对前面内容的举例说 明。are more likely to liethan if是比较句, 是把 real time交际与 if they have time to think of a response 的交际进行对 比。2. in understanding是介词短语做状语，表示“在明白方面”。understanding后面有两个that引导的宾语从句。前一个从句中，as he does引导的是比较状语从句，修饰feel pain。后一个从句中，hi

22、tting是动名词作主语， 谓语动词是requires用单数形式。1 .选词填空A.B.C. reflect D.E. F. attachedemphasize misunderstandinreferred privacygG.H. oppose I.J.K.occurringcivilization concernin sincerelygThe most difficult part of a Western-Chinese marriage is the cultural differences.The traditional Chinese culture is establishe

23、d on the Confucian philosophy, while the western culture is based on ancient Greek _1_. Cultural differences exist in almost every aspect and therefore _2_ also on relationships and marriage.From the traditional Chinese point of view, marriage is a relationship _3_ many aspects such as family, frien

24、ds and relatives, while from the Western point of view, marriage is a contract signed between two people that is based on trust and love. Furthermore, Westerners ' marriages _4_ more the independence and _5_ of the couple.That is why Westernerssometimes cannot understand why we Chinese need to s

25、upport our relatives if we are asked to do so. Chinese need to maintain their”fand “ relations ” . Even in a relationship, we are somehow still _6_ to our family and relatives. Our partner has to understand it and at least does not _7_ it.It is not easy to maintain Chinese-Western relationship. Cult

26、ural differences may result in _8_. Young Asian ladies are fond of western men becausethey believe they are more gentlemanly and in addition their appearancesare more attractive. Western men may think Chinese ladies are gentler and more feminine.My suggestion for the cross-culture relationship is al

27、ways trying to put yourself in other shsoes: accepting rather than changing; always respecting your partner but clarifying your own red lines; showing your interest in his/her different culture and carefully commenting on it and so on.There are more and more cross-culture marriages _9_ recently. I w

28、ould like to take this chance to _10_ wish them the very best in their love journeys.【 Keys】 ：15 I-C-J-A-E 610 F-H-B-G-KI. 语法填空A dress code is a set of rules governing _1_ is and is not appropriate attire for a given setting or event. Examples of dress codes include white tie, black tie, business fo

29、rmal and business casual. In traditional Western dressing, for men the more formal dress codes, such asblack tie”, are highly codified (成文的) with fixed definitions, mostly unchanged for more than fifty years, _2_ the more casual classifications change very quickly. For women, changes in fashion are

30、_3_ (rapid).Social events such as receptions and banquets usually have requirements for specific dress codes. For example, white tie, the most formal evening dress code, typically means tailcoats for men and full-length evening dresses for women. Black tie, a more common dress code for formal evenin

31、g events, is _4_ (formal) than white one. For a man, the major component for a black tie event is a dinner jacket in the Commonwealth of Nations, or tuxedo (mainly in the United States), _5_ is usually black. For a woman, black tie attire ranges from a conservative cocktail dress to a long evening g

32、own, _6_ (determine) by current fashion, local custom, and the occasions time.The use of a dress code is also common in the workplace. The idea behind the dress code is _7_ if people are required to dress in a certain manner; they will have in a more business-like fashion. Business casual is a popul

33、ar dress code inprofessional and white-collar workplaces in Western countries. For a man, a combination of collared shirt (such as a polo shirt), cotton trousers with a belt, and dress shoes with socks is generally acceptable. For a woman, a reasonable length skirt or full-length trousers of a non-j

34、eans material combined _8_ a top (such as a dress shirt) is considered acceptable.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 【 Keys】 ：1. what 2. while 3. more rapid4. less formal5. which 6. determined 7. that8. withII. 语篇阅读(A)Animals seem to have the sense to eat when they are hungry and they do not eat more than thei

35、r bodies need It has been demonstrated that rats will, when given a choice over a period of time, prefer water with vitamins to water without vitamins even though there is no difference in taste or smell between the two water bottles. When a fragrant flavor (作料) was added to the vitamin-enriched wat

36、er, the rats did seem to prefer it and kept drinking it ,even after the vitamins were switched to the clear water In time, however, they broke the habit and went back to where the necessary vitamins wereIn a classic experiment, babies of 6 to 12 months old were placed in a cafeteria feeding arrangem

37、ent,with a wide selection of baby food before them They were given whatever food they pointed to or appeared interested inWe are told that at first they showed some unusual eating patterns, but that over a period of time they managed to select well-balanced die tSo, in selecting food, rats and babie

38、s do seem to know and act on what's best forthem Apparently, there is a kind ofbody wisdomwhich hum anMsossotot on loseof us do not eat as wisely as we could Many of our food preferences are culturally determined and influenced by long-established habits Some people eat fox, dog and blackbirds,

39、while we eat cows and pigs So what people eat and how much they eat seems to be greatly influenced by what is going on around themdri1 In the experiment on rats, a fragrant flavor was added to the ratsA. encourage rats to drink vitamins-enriched waterB. find out rats preference in flavorC. test whet

40、her rats know which drink is good for themD. demonstrate the vitamins are tasteless2 According to the passage ,adults eating habits differ from those of babies becauseA adults know better than babies what kind of food are good for their health8 adults usually cannot resist the temptation of various

41、delicious foodsC adults' eating habits are closely related to the social and cultural customsD adults have more choices of food than babies in eating patterns3 The author implied in the passage that most of us _ _A eat a balanced dietB choose the food that is of nutritionC have the habits influe

42、nced by the surroundingsD like to eat the food with a fragrant flavor4 As far as their eating habits are concerned, babies and rats are similar in that _ _A both have the wisdom to choose a balanced dietB both prefer flavored food and drinkC both have the same eating patternsD both develop a taste f

43、or the same kinds of flavors【 Keys】 ： C C C A(B)Chinese people are now spending more time surfing the net than watching TV, according to results of a survey by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) published Thursday.The survey, of citizens of five Chinese cities, found that 79 percent of in

44、terviewees use the internet for information, and 55.1 percent to read news on the internet. About 63 percent of the interviewees use e-mail. The average times spent surfing the net and watching TV were 2.73 hours and 1.29hours, respectively.Only 10.4 percent reported use the internet primarily to se

45、nd and receive email;65.9 percent read online news; 62.2 quite often play games on-line. More and more people have taken an interest in the entertainment opportunities online. Up to 56.5 percent of interviewees quite often download music, and 53.5 percent get entertainment messages from the internet

46、.Yet the survey found that television is still the dominant mass medium. Seventy-nine percent of interviewees choose to watch TV to get information, and another 75 percent take newspapers as important as TV.Five major web sites in the Chinese language, namely Sina, Sohu, Netease, Baidu and Yahoo are

47、 still ranked top ones by web users, and those that voted for Sina as the best among them were 30.9 percent.Authorized statistics showed that web users in China have alreadyexceeded100 million, second to that of the United States.1. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Chinese people are now spendi

48、ng more time surfing the net than watching TV.B. More Chinese people using the internet for information compared with reading news on the internet.C. There are more people using e-mail compared with those searching information on the internet.D. There are more people using e-mail compared with those

49、 reading news on the internet.2. The survey shows that.A. Only 10.4% reported use the internet to send and receive email.B. Less than half of the people use the internet for entertainment.C. All of the people reported like to play games on-line.D. Most of the people reported read online news.3. Whic

50、h will you choose if you want to chat with your friends on the internet?A. TV B. Sina C. telephone D. QQ4. The underlined word eXceeded means.A. increased to B. increased by C. risen D. decreased【Keys】：C D D A（C）Special trees that grow faster, fight pollution, produce better wood, and even sense che

51、mical attacks are being planted by scientists in the US.When 40 per cent of Hawaii's US$14 million-a-year papaya （ 木瓜 ）industry was destroyed by a virus five years ago, work began on creating genetically engineered （转基因的） trees.Researchers successfully introduced seeds that were designed to resi

52、st the virus. Since then, more and more people have been testing genetically engineered trees.Some researchersput special bacteria into trees to help them grow faster and produce better wood. Others are trying to create trees that can clean polluted soil.Meanwhile fruit farmers are looking for trees that are strong enough to resist worms, and paper companies want trees that produce more wood and therefore more paper.The Pentagon （五角大楼） even gave the researchers US$500,000 this year afterthey developed a pine tree that changes its colours if it senses a c