上海牛津新世纪高一下英语辅导讲义二Unit3（S）

1、 Miss T Smiling to everything! 高一下学期辅导讲义分成三部分：第一部分是高一下每个Unit的词汇及拓展词汇汇总（必须默写！）；第二部分是高一下每个Unit的知识点和语法拓展解析 希望你们背出这些加粗词和例句，然后把一些对应练习也认真完成好！第三部分就是做重点名校的单元练习卷。Unit Three I. Language points learning1. If you dont want to offend someone, youd better know which English words to use-and which to avoid. 如果你不想冒

2、犯别人，你最好要知道哪些词可以使用In order not to offend someone, youd better know which English words to use. offend v. 冒犯； 使-不愉快I am sorry if I have offended you. 如果我得罪你，我很抱歉。His misbehaviour offended her./ He offended her by(with) his misbehaviour./ She was offended by(at, with) his misbehaviour. 他的不良行为使她愤怒。He wa

3、s offended when his classmates called him by his nickname.当他的同学叫他绰号时，他觉得自己被侵犯了。adj. offensive 冒犯性的,不愉快的，没礼貌的 offensive words an offensive sound完成句子： We might be _by _words. n. offence 不悦 take offence 生气, 攻击 The old man is easy to take offence. 那老人容易生气。take offence at He took offence at his sons mann

4、er. 他儿子的态度使他生气.avoid v. 避免，逃避 avoid doing/sth 避免做- Fortunately, we were able to avoid an accident. 我们幸而逃过了一场灾祸。I tried to avoid meeting him because he always bored me. 我尽量避免遇到他，因为他总是使我厌烦。eg: 为了逃避惩罚，他没有回家。To avoid being punished, he stayed outside. adj. avoidable 可避免的; unavoidable不可避免的which, what, wh

5、ere, when + to do 常作宾语，相当于一个宾语从句或主语从句 I really dont know where to live in this strange city. = I really dont know where I could live in this strange city. 用疑问词+to do 填空1The beggar didnt know _(疑问词+ eat ) for the next meal.The beggar didnt know what he would eat for the next meal.2. _(stop)pollution

6、remains a problem.When we will stop pollution remains a problem.How we can stop pollution remains a problem.2.imagine v.想象，设想 vt. 想象，设想想象做某事 imagine doing sth. imagine + clause想象。eg. Can you imagine the life without love? 你能想象没有爱的生活吗？Can you imagine living on a lonely island alone? 你能想象一个人住在荒凉得岛上吗？C

7、an you imagine what she will be? 你能想象她将会成为什么吗？你能想象林肯选为总统前经历了许多苦难吗？Can you imagine that Lincoln had through so many hardships before he was elected the American president?n. imagination 想象力 beyond (ones) imagination3. call out 叫喊；大声地说 Did you hear someone calling out to you from downstairs? 你听见楼下有人叫你

8、吗？call on sb. 拜访某人 We called on professor Wang at the university.call at sp. 到作短暂访问 We called at Li's house yesterday.call off 取消 The sports meet was called off because of the rain.4. What did you do wrong? wrong adj. 错误的；不正常的；故障的 There must be something wrong with my computer. Whats wrong with

9、the boy? He looks pale. Its wrong of you to cheat him.Something has gone wrong with the engine.发动机出毛病了。Cf. n 邪恶；不公正；错误; tell wrong from right 区分是非 Through practice one can tell wrong from right.5. may have done sth (表示对过去的猜测) 也许了,也许是,大概了She looks sad. She may have failed in the exam.She was late for

10、 school today. She may have missed the bus.She may not have known it. Don't criticize him. may do sth 表示可能性, 猜测It may snow tommorrow. If I am busy, I may not go. Such an experienced teacher may sometimes make mistakes.6. Today, many people prefer the word “ server” to “waitress”.a. preferto 宁愿不愿

11、 prefer coffee to tea喜欢咖啡胜过茶; prefer doing A to doing B喜欢做A 胜过做B I prefer doing to talking. 我宁愿干不愿谈。I prefer watching TV at home to seeing a film. prefer to do rather than do 宁愿-而不愿-I prefer to go to the movies rather than stay home. 我宁愿去看电影而不愿呆在家里。b. serve 为服务; 供应; 服役; 有助于 Lei Feng served the peopl

12、e heart and soul. Free meals are served here in this factory. My younger brother served in the army two years ago. The agreement will serve to promote the trade between Japan and China. 7 As society changes, so does our language. 随着社会在变化，我们的语言也在变化。a. As., so 随着 -， -也一样我们在变老，我们的孩子们亦如此。As we are agein

13、g, so are our children.b. So + 助动词/情态动词/be 动词+ 主语，表“主语所代表的人或物也”否定用Neither/norI can speak some French, so can she. If Mary will go, so will I.He didnt attend the meeting; neither /nor did she.8 appropriate adj. 适当的,合适的 (ant: in)Which dress is appropriate for the party, this one or that?Sports clothes

14、 are appropriate for a formal wedding.His fomal style of speaking was appropriate to the occasion. 他郑重其事的讲话方式适合于那个场合。You will be informed of the details at the appropriate time.在恰当的时候将把详情告诉你。9. It gives us a sense of being respected. a sense of being respected 一种受人尊敬的感觉sense of responsibility/humor/

15、direction- 责任/幽默/方向感Cf. sense of touch/hearing/smell/taste- 触/听/嗅/味觉 The police dog sensed the criminal with its sharp sense of smell. (区别) respect v. 尊敬 respect sb. = have/show respect for sb.= be respectful towards/to sb.尊敬某人respect sb for sth We should repect the old and the disabled.The outstand

16、ing scientist is repected for his great achievements he has made.n. 尊敬Students should have great respect for teachers. 学生们应该非常尊敬老师.We have been told to show respect for our elders. 我们被教导必须尊敬长辈.repectable adj. 可尊敬的 They are poor, but respectable.repectful adj. 表尊敬的,有礼貌的Be more respecful to your senio

17、r. 对长辈应更加有礼.The teacher is respectable, so we are all respectful to him.disrespectful ( ant.) adj. 无理的； 失礼的10. attempt n. 努力尝试 We failed in our(first) attempt to climb the mountain. 我们(首次)尝试爬那座山，结果失败。eg: 他试图获得头奖，但却失败了。He failed in his attempt to win the first prize.They made no attempts to escape.他们

18、没企图逃跑。He made an attempt to learn to ski. 他尝试着学滑雪。v. 努力，尝试 attempt to do/ sthI will attempt to answer all your questions They attempted to climb the high mountain.The prisoners attempted to escape from the prison, but failed.Don't attempt the impossible.11. emphasis n. 强调；重点put/lay/place emphasi

19、s on sth. 强调- Some schools put great emphasis on language study. 有些学校极注重语言学习。We should lay a special emphasis on cutting costs. 我们应特别强调削减经费。More emphasis should be put on learning how to use the language.必须将更多重点放在怎样使用语言。There has been a shift of emphasis from manufacturing to service industries.重心已从

20、制造业转向服务业emphasize vt. 强调；重视 He emphasized the importance of daily practice. 他强调每天练习的重要。He emphasized that English is not the only foreign language worth studying. 他强调英语不是唯一值得学习的外国语。12. These include words that end in “-ess” or “-man”Cf. include / contain全班（包括玛丽在内）都参加了开幕式。The whole class including Ma

21、ry attended the opening ceremony. The whole class attended the opening ceremony, Mary included.全班（包括玛丽在内）都参加了开幕式。( Mary是全班其中之一)include v.包括 including prep included adj.Vegetables contain a lot of vitamins, _including_Vitamin A.Sixty people took the entrance examination, two old men _included_.My fav

22、ourite novels _include_the ones written by Dickens.13. enter the profession 进入这个行业enter jobs参加工作 He hoped to enter the department as a technician.他希望到这个部门当一名技术员14. attendant n. 服务员 a flight attendant 航空服务员attend v. (1). 出席，参加 attend the meeting/ class/ interview/ course (2 ) 照料，看护 vt. attend sb vi.

23、attend to sb/sthIf you go out, who will attend (to) the baby?She has two nurses attending her.15. occupy v. (1)担任（职务或工作);总统任职四年。The president occupies the position for four years.My sister occupied an important position in the Department of Environment.我姐姐在环境部担任要职。(2) 空间、时间、面积） 占用eg: 有时候爱好会占用很多闲暇时间。

24、 Sometimes ,hobbies will occupy a lot of our leisure time.The speeches occupied three hours. 发言共占去三小时。A bed occupied the corner of the room. 一张床占去了房间的一角。They occupied the house next door. 他们住在隔壁。The army occupied the enemys capital. 军队占领了敌国首都。(3) occupy oneself in 忙着做The boy occupied himself in play

25、ing his flute?那孩子只顾着吹笛子。occupation n. 职业 16. create v. 创造， 制造， 产生Tourism has created many job opportunities in that region.在那个地区，旅游业创造了很多工作机会。eg: 鲁迅在他的小说中，创造了很多人物形象。Luxun created many vivid characters in many of his novels.creative adj. 有创造力的；富想像力的 We benefited a lot from his creative thinking.我们从他的

26、创造性的思考中得益多多。creativity n. 创造力creator n. 造物主17. How do we treat both genders fairly without such a pronoun?treat both genders fairly 公平对待两性treat v. 对待 They treated the orphan as one of the family. They treated us with all respect.They treat their children very badly.You should treat them with more co

27、nsideration. 你应该多体谅他们一点。把当作 My mother treated my proposal as a joke. 治疗,医治 They treated him with a new drug. Last year the hospital treated over fourty cases of rabies.18. fairly adv. 公正地；相当地在中国的有些地区，妇女们依然受到不公正地对待。In some parts of China, women are still not fairly treated . 那位年轻的舞蹈家跳得非常好。 The young

28、dancer performed fairly well. 篮球赛相当精彩。球员们也打得公正。The basketball was fairly exciting,and the basketballers played fairly.fair adj. 公正的 unfair 不公正的19 instead of 代替,而不I will go to see her instead of you.I have to finish my work instead of going out.Instead adv. 代替地,作为代替I dont like beer; give me coke inst

29、ead.She invited Bob to the party, but his friend Peter came instead.20. It also includes issues of race and disability.issues of race and disability 种族和残疾问题Taiwan issue is a political one. v. 发行(邮票、通货、印刷物)，出版Does the government issue stamps and coins? This magazine is issued weekly. 21 For example,

30、some people prefer the term “people with a disability to “handicapped.”Term n. 术语，字眼 a medical/ legal term 医学、法律用语mid-term examination a technical term. People with a disability=disabled people =the disabled22. consider v. 认为consider n (to be) We consider this (to be) important.He will be considered

31、 a weak leader. 他会被认为是个软弱无能的领导人。考虑。 consider n/ doing/ wh-to doWe have considered you application carefully, but cannot offer you the job.We are considering going to Canada. 我们正考虑到加拿大。Have you considered how to get there? 你是否考虑过怎样到达那里？23imply v. 暗示 ；含有-的意思 What did the chairperson imply/mean by sayi

32、ng that? 主席那样说是什么意思？ I am not implying anything about your cooking, but could we eat out tonight?我并非暗示你的烹饪技术有问题，但是今晚我们能出去吃饭吗？Silence often means consent.沉默常常意味着同意。 imply thatHe implied that one of his friends was guilty.Do you know the implied meaning of his words?implication n. 暗示， 暗指 24.And they i

33、nsist on not changing their way of talking- they dont think they are obliged to make others feel better. 他们坚持不改变自己的说话用词方式，认为自己没有义务在用词方面使别人感觉更好。insist on (ones)doing 坚持做eg. We insisted that he (should) come to the party. =We insisted on his coming to the party.Cf. The boy insisted that his answer was

34、 reasonable. 坚持认为The wife insisted that she was feeling better but the husband insisted that a doctor should be sent for.be obliged to do sth 有义务做-/被迫做-He was obliged to take the job in place of his sick colleague.同事生病了，他不得不代替他做那份工作我们有责任/义务帮助无家可归的儿童重返校园.We are obliged to help homeless children to re

35、turn school.oblige .v. (法律、道德上的)强迫（人），使不得不oblige sb to do sthThe law obliges parents to send their children to school.法律规定父母有让子女受教育的义务。25.change with the times 与时俱进In order to keep up with the development of modern science and technology, we must change with the times.change with the seasonThe sea t

36、ide changes with the wind. 海潮随着风向变。Additional Reading1. out of style 过时的，不再流行的 Jane bought a coat yesterday, which in my opinion was quite out of style.昨天简买的外套在我看来已经过时了。2. bear in mind /keep in mind 记住 We should always bear in mind the importance of observing traffic regulations. 我们必须一直记住遵守交通规则的重要性。

37、 bear/ keep in mind that + S +VWe should bear in mind that obeying the traffic rules is very important.3. tips for (doing)sth （做）某事-的建议 tips for buying a computer 购买电脑的有用提示 Here are my tips for swimming.4. quite a few 相当多的 Of all the apples bought, quite a few have gone rotten.买的苹果中许多已经腐烂了。 There ar

38、e quite a few students absent from class today.今天有不少学生缺课。5. be filled with- 装满- be filled with =be full of Everything is filled with new life. 万物充满了生气。 Her heart was filled with gratitude.她心里充满了感激之情。6. complain about-对-抱怨 He is always complaining about his working conditions. complain to sb.about st

39、h. 向抱怨 They complained to the general manager about the bad service in the hotel. complaint n. 抱怨 make a complaint to sb about sth. Have you any complaint(s) to make?7. handle vt 手拿；应付，处理 =deal with Please handle the book gently as it is a precious gift from my father. 用这本书时请务必小心，因为这是我爸给我的珍贵礼物。 Some

40、 people are brilliant with computers, but have no idea how to handle other people. 有些人在使用电脑方面很出色，但不知道如何与人相处。8. ads for an advertisement for a job 征聘工作的广告9. shortcut 近路，捷径；（做某事的）快捷办法You can take a shortcut across the fields. 你可以抄近道从田里穿过去。There are no shortcuts to learning English. 10. fight learners

41、worries 战胜学习者的忧虑11. expose vt 暴露，透露expose to 把暴露/透露给 ; be exposed to + n. Please do not expose the secret to others. Just keep it between you and me. 不要将秘密透露给别人，就让你我知道。 Its harmful to your skin if you expose it to the strong sun too often.经常将皮肤暴露在强光下对皮肤不好。 Children will develop harmful attitudes tow

42、ards life if they are exposed to too much violence on TV.如孩子经常在电视中看到暴力现象，他们会形成对生活的不良态度。 Being exposed to too much violence on TV does harm to children. exposure n. 暴露13. an English radio broadcast 英语广播电台 v. broadcast, broadcast, broadcast 广播；播送（电视或无线电节目） The concert will be broadcast live tomorrow e

43、vening. 音乐会明晚将现场直播。14. You can never lay too much emphasis on the importance of -can never too ; can not too表示”再也不为过”; 再也不过分 While driving, one can never be too careful. 驾驶过程中越小心越好。 One is never too old to learn.15. input 输入 data input 数据输入 vt. 将(资料等)输入计算机 input text/ data/ figures 把文本/数据/数字输入计算机16.

44、 cultivate vt. 培植；培养 cultivate a good habit 培养良好的习惯 Many wild flowers are now being cultivated for people to admire.现在很多本来野生的花被培植供人欣赏。 The company has been successful in cultivating a very professional image.该公司在打造专业形象方面十分成功。17. appropriate adj. 适合的；适当的；正当的 A speech appropriate to the occasion 一次适合时

45、宜的讲演 Choose the appropriate words from the list below.从下表中选择适当的词。18. pointless 无意义的；无目标的To him, life just seemed to be pointless. 对他而言，人生好象没有什么意义。 It is pointless telling her to clean her room. 叫她打扫自己的房间简直是徒劳。19. have an positive effect on a. positive adj. 肯定的；正面的 Are you absolutely positive that yo

46、u locked the door? 你能绝对肯定你锁了吗？ Life is tough in the city, but we should still take a positive attitude towards it. 尽管城市里的生活压力大，但我们还是抱一种积极的态度。b. have an effect on have a great/ some/no effect on Her illness has had a bad effect on her work. 她的病对工作有很大的影响。 Adj. effective v. affectUnit 3 语言点汇总再次汇总以示其重要性

47、！必默写！I. Words Transformation1. offend (v) n. offence adj. offensive 2. appropriate (adj.) ant. inappropriate3. attendant (n) v. attend 4. create (v) adj. creative n. creation5. occupy (v) n. occupation 6. server (n) v. serve n. service7. disability (n) adj. disabled 8. respectful (adj.) ant. disresp

48、ectful n. respect9. imagine n. imagination adj. imaginary 10. helpless ant. helpful11. emphasis (n) v. emphasize12. include (v) prep. including13. express (v) n. expression14. fairly (adv) adj. fair15. imply (v) n. implicationII. Useful Phrases:1. 最好做had better do2. 叫喊；大声地说call out3. 可能已经冒犯某人may hav

49、e offended sb4. 被尊敬感a sense of being respected5. 强调; 重视put emphasis on6. 以结束end in7. 为乘客服务serve passengers8. 飞机上的空中乘务员flight attendants9. 过去in the past10. 进入这个行业enter the profession11. 一个更好的表达方式a better expression12. 偏爱的术语preferred terms13. 公平地对待两种性别treat both genders fairly14. 而不是instead of15. 进一步延

50、伸extend further16. 种族和残疾问题issues of race and disability17. 有义务做 be obliged to do sth18. 坚持insist on19. 改变说话的方式change the way of talking20. 随着时代变化而改变change with the times21. 被认为是不尊敬的 be considered disrespectful22. 装满.be filled with-23. 对.抱怨complain about-24. 战胜忧虑fight worries 25. 再强调.也不为过 can never-t

51、oo- -26. 对合适的 be appropriate for 27. 使接触, 使暴露于 expose oneself to28. 对有积极的影响 have a positive effect on29. 制造问题 create problems30. 使某人感觉更好 make sb feel betterIII. Key sentence patterns 1. As sociey changes, so does our language.随着社会在变化，我们的语言也在变化。2. The word “server” gives the person a sense of being r

52、espected.“服务员”这个词使人感到受尊重。3. Using English properly is an attempt to make language more respectful to all people.恰当地使用英语是人们所做出的一种尝试，目的是为了让语言听上去对所有人都表示尊重。4. Words that put too much emphasis on gender are carefully avoided.对于性别色彩太强的词要慎重，避免使用。5.People who serve passengers on airlines are now called “flight attendants”, not s