高一下英语词组和语法重难点

1、高一下学期英语词汇 ought to应当，应该 keep up with跟上，赶上plenty of许多，大量的（作定语）in plenty许多，丰富（作状语）make a choice做出选择 now and then偶尔，时而prepare a dish做一道菜 a balance diet均衡饮食be/go on diet在节食 no longer不再be based on/upon以为基础 take medicine吃药be harmful to对有害 offer advise about/on提的建议lose weight减肥 cut into pieces把切碎 gain weig

2、ht=put on weight增肥 make up for补偿get along with和相处 put up with忍受go for sb对某人也一样 in large amount大批地be short of=be lacking of 缺乏，缺少do up ones hair做发型 refer to查阅，提到settle down定下心来，安家落户 settle up付清，结账settle for勉强同意，接受 settle in（使）习惯（环境等）settle on定居（短暂停留） of high/good quality高质量的sign an agreement with与达成协

3、in relation to与有关的 but for要不是 thanks to由于，幸亏apart from除之外 hand down传下来 and so on等等 in ancient time在古代go against违背 guide to（介词）指导of (no) effect（无）效 take effect生效，奏效bring/carryinto/to effect实施come/go into effect开始实施 depend on/upon依靠That/It (all) depends.这很难说。 stand for代表in condition身体好 out of conditio

4、n身体不好on condition that.如果，条件是in/under favorable conditions在有利形势下bring in引进，赚钱 year after year年复一年Point out指出 make use of利用tongue twister绕口令 be on good terms (with sb.)关系好drive off开走，击退 look onas把看作Ahead of更前，更早 give sb a hand给某人帮助Get through通过，到达 tear down拆毁Hold up举起 Intend to do sth打算做某事 Intend to

5、have done本想做（而没能做） Intendfor=be intended for供用Dress up打扮，装饰 in ones opinion依某人之见Play a trick on sb开某人玩笑 take in收容，理解，包含，欺骗Be determined to do sth下决心做Gift money压岁钱 fire works鞭炮Save money存钱 ask for a day off请一天假Happen to meet碰巧遇见 be jealous of sb嫉妒某人Believe in信仰 dress up as装扮成，打扮成Do crime犯罪 light up照亮

6、 Do honor to sb=do sb honor礼遇某人，对某人表示敬意 On purpose=by accident故意地 care for喜欢，照顾Make fool of愚弄 in other words换句话说hope for对希望 seek after追求A similar to B A和B相似 take on呈现Or else或者 personal affair隐私Date back to =date from始于，追溯到Appreciate good food欣赏美味 suitto使适合于Be suit to/for适合于 In all direction朝四面八方 in

7、direction=in direction of朝的方向under the direction of在的指导下Follow ones directions遵照某人的指示 Be angry with sb for sth因生某人的气 be likely to很有可能 make fun of取笑No laughing matter不是闹着玩的 existin 存在于Get into contact with sb与某人取得联系Make contact with sb与某人联络(be) in contact with 与有交往lose/break contact with与失去联系go ahead

8、 前进 be crazy about对着迷go into details细说 in detail详细地focuson把集中于 occur to sb使某人突然想到fell down感到闷闷不乐 in a hurry匆忙地accept as认为是 bring on引发 make oneself done使被 make conversation交谈have/hold a conversation with与交谈be in conversation with与谈话中divideinto.把分成 ivide between/among把分给achieve success获得成功 an injured

9、look一副受冤的表情call on 拜访（某人） call at拜访（某地）bring back拿回来，使恢复 day and night日日夜夜地 pay off还清 at most 至多a number of许多a great deal of许多 pick out挑出，辨别出test on在做实验 be continued 未完待续pay back偿还，报复 sth of good/poor quality质量好的would rather宁愿 after all毕竟be well worth 很值得 without luck运气不好in the hope of doing抱着的希望bri

10、ng about引起，导致 bring up哺育belong to sb/sth属于 without limit无限地run/take a risk冒险 limitto 把限制在at risk处于危险中 at any risk不顾一切at the risk of冒着的危险 to ones sorrow使悲伤的是than usual 比平常 badly off贫穷的bear/take ones share of负担的部分keepat harms length保持的距离a total failure一个彻底的失败者 save the situation收拾局面trade in以交方式购入 trad

11、e with从事贸易be popular with受的欢迎 culture of mind and body身心修养(be)of (no) use有（无）用 putto use利用to ones knowledge 据某人所知 express oneself表达自己的意思tellfrom把和分开 means of transport交通方式together with=as well as也 against to the wall靠着墙without a sound悄无声息地 pull out把拉上来not later than不迟于 get close to接近just as 恰如 witho

12、ut turning a hair毫不畏惧in disorder混乱be familiar with 熟悉 rushed off ones feet忙于工作at work忙于工作 n the go奔波go through with 完成 at one go一口气miss ones turn 错过 be devoted to sb喜欢某人todegree 达到程度 succeed in doing sth成功的做了某事do about处理 应付 clear away清除打扫go out熄灭 push open推开be up to sb 由某人决定 tire out筋疲力尽not a bit =

13、not at all一点也不 there is no doubt毫无疑问 be willing to do = like to do愿意 a number of 若干 ，一些 the rule of conduct行为准则charge a pipe给烟斗塞烟 be charged with充满tear at sth撕扯 fastento把拴在上explain sth to sb = explain to sb sth向某人解释某事fasten ones eyes to sb眼睛盯着某人in tears哭泣，掉泪 end in a tie以平局结束in your own words用你自己的话

14、come into use开始使用cant help doing忍不住 stopfrom doing阻止leave sth done 让做 by choice 出于选择for choice要选就选 ask after sb问候某人give away赠出，让出 set the scene为某事做准备full dress盛装 a pieces of jewellery一件珠宝look about/around 警戒 look on旁观 look through浏览 look up to尊敬act for代理 act on/upon对起作用know of听说过 by chance偶然地by mist

15、ake由于疏忽 be in use在使用中make a great discovery完成一项重大任务bringto use= put to use加以利用call sb names谩骂某人 in the name of以的名字in change主管 free of change免费at ones own change自费 out of control失去控制be particular about对挑剔 knock over撞翻lay down ones life献出生命 a man of name知名人士turn in归还，交上 carry on research进行研究take up re

16、search开始研究 act against违反speak against发表抨击 little by little逐渐地out of date这时的 up to date最新式的 to date 到目前为止 put a date to sth注明日期set/fix the date确定日期 keep a date赴约go off 出发，爆发（机器等停止） go into详细调查go by 走过，流逝 go beyond超越go about 四处走走，开始 around the corner即将来临，在拐角处die down平息 come to terms with甘心忍受what else而

17、且 be about to即将开始at the top of ones voice大声地self rescue自救 be mean with对吝啬take shelter躲避 work with sb对起作用smell of闻出的味道 break up弄碎hold up阻滞 a threatening letter恐吓信somehow or other设法，想办法 admire sb as钦佩某人是admire sb for sth 钦佩某人的 admire oneself in the mirror照镜子rise/come to fame 成名 opposite to 在对面to ones

18、regret 使某人遗憾的是be surrounded with/by被围绕get/gain/take possession of占有，占领make up组成，构成，凑足 turn to转向，求助于go sailing 驾船航行 go camping宿营come into ones possession被某人占有in ones possession=in the possession of sb被某人据有(be) in possession of持有，拥有零 散 记 忆only+介词短语(方式状语)+倒装句e.g.: Only in this way will we be ready for

19、thethe only/just/very/first + n.+ that(who)+定从当n.为物时只用that,当n.为人时只用who。be of + 抽象名词，表“具有”begin to do 和begin doing 一般情况下意思相同，但 1）begin为现在进行时时；2）当begin后为think,realise等类词时，只用to do。Make it (F.O) +adj+to do sth.To,on,in 在表方位时：on表接壤 2）in在范围之内 3）to不接壤7、hope: 1)+that-clause 2)+to do 3)+for stha/the way (tha

20、t) +定语从句to do 和v-ing 做主语和宾语：to do一次性和具体性；v-ing表经常性延续性sothat “如此以致于”引导结果状从句。So部分放在句首时，句子要倒装比较：sothat和suchthat的句型构成so+adj./adv.+that such+a(n)+adj.+n.+that such+adj.+U.C.N.+that such+n.(pl.)+thatwith+宾+宾补（形容词、介词短语、副词、分词、不定式），在句中状语或定语12、a great many+n.(pl.),当此名词前有限定词如the ,these,those等，则用a great many of

21、13、系表结构 stay+adj. 一直保持某种状态14、only to do sth 这一结构常作结果状语，用以指随即发生的意料之外的事，有“反而，却”之意。15、 advise(n. advice) “建议，忠告”1）advise+n./pron. 2)advise sb. (not) to do sth3)advise doing sth 4)advise sb.+clause(虚拟语气)16、the reason 与for连用表语从句只用that引导17、used to:used not to +动词原形=usednt to+动词原形 did not use to+动词原形=didnt

22、 use to+动词原形 used+主+to+动词原形did+主+use to+动词原形It seems to that18、seem It seems as if/thoughThere seems (to be)19、Seem,that和appear三词后均可加形容词、副词、分词等；appear,seem后可接to do ,而look后只加to belook后只可接as if引导的从句，不能接that 从句20、accept n./pron 接受sb/sth+as+n./adj.把视为，接受that-clause 承认21、worth与worthy n.值多少钱 of sth值得，配得上b

23、e worth+ be worthy + of being值得做doing 值得的 to be done值得做22、 a.have sb doing 使某人做某事，表动作一直进行 b.have sb do 使某人做某事，表动作完成或可能发生c.have sth to do 有某事要做，have意为“有，拥有”d. have sth done 使某事被做，done表被动动作23、表“许多大量”的几个词组：a great/good many a large/great/good number of +可数名词 a good few/quite fewmany aa great/good deal

24、ofa large/great amount of +不可数名词quite a littlea lot of/lots ofa large/great quantity of +可数名词或large quantities of 不可数名词plenty of24、keep doing sth.一直干，后跟状态性动词keep on doing sth.反复干，强调动作的重复25、It isfor sb to do sthIt isthat-clause26、happen主（人）+happens+to doIt(形主) +（so）happen +that-clause27、allow(vt.)a.

25、allow+ 名/形 b. allow+含有不定式的复合宾语c. allow+动名词 d. allow+sb.+介词短语/副词28、连系动词的分类：变化类：become,go,get,grow,fall,turn ect.感官类：fell,smell,taste,look,sound ect.显现类：appear,seem,look ect.状态类：keep,stay,come,stand ect.29、though相当于however ,用于句末。30、动词+to构成的短语：look forward to盼望 turn to求助于，转向pay attention to注意 stick to坚

26、持get down to开始认干 object to反对belong to属于 refer to涉及，谈到 point to指向 see to处理，料理come to共计，苏醒 reply to答复agree to同意 add to增加devoteto贡献给 compareto把比作高一下学期语法重难点集汇主谓一致主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持数的一致关系。一个句子中主谓一致，通常指三个基本原则：语法一致，即形式上一致；概念一致，即概念或意念上的一致；毗邻一致，即谓语动词的形式与邻近的名词一致。语法一致原则在通常情况下，一个句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。即主语为单数形式，谓语

27、也为单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语也为复数形式。如：This exercise on English idioms is not easy.这个英语短语练习不容易。在“there be”结构中， “be”的单复数取决与后面主语的数.如：There has been little change in this city.这个城市没有多少变化。3、“one of”结构，位于用单数，“two of”结构位于用复数One of the things I want to do is traveling.我想做的一件事是去旅行。Two of the boys have lost their wa

28、y home.有两个男孩回家迷路了。倒装句的主语在谓语之后，避免误用。Never before has she been to Paris!她以前从未去过巴黎。概念一致主语是抽象概念、短语或从句，谓语用单数形式。如：To tell lies is wrong.说谎是不正确的。（不定式做主语）Keeping the house is a tiring job.管理家务是一件很劳累的事。（动名词做主语）How this happened is not clear to anyone.(从句做主语)注意：用what或which引导的主语从句或简单句中的数的概念取决于后面的表语，因为它们在逻辑上的意义

29、是相同的。如：Which is your seat?你的座位是哪一个？Which are your seats?你们的座位是哪些？单个的分词作主语，不定式作主语，以及主语从句，谓语都用单数，若用连接上述的相同两个成分，谓语才用复数。两个或两个以上的主语用and和both连接时，谓语用复数形式。and连接的并列主语指同一人或同一样东西，and后的名词前没有冠词，谓语用单数；若有，则用复数。如：My best friend and adviser has changed his mind again.我的密友兼顾问又改变他的想法了。My friend and the student Sue are

30、 in the classroom.我的朋友和那位叫苏的同学在教室里。若and后面加not,谓语用单数。如：Lilei,and not I, has won the game.是 Lilei赢了比赛，而不是我。用and 连接的单数主语，前面有each,every,many a,no等词修饰时，谓语用单数。复数主语前加each,谓语仍用复数。no后面名词为单数，谓语用单数；后为复数，谓语用复数。毗邻一致由not onlybut also,neithernor,eitheror,or 连接的并列主语，在肯定句中谓语变化取决于后面的饿主语，在疑问句中取决于前面的主语。如；Either he or I

31、 am mistaken.他和我都没错。Either he or you are to go there.不是他就是你要到那儿去。（详见高一下册P155P156）虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不是事实。虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语动词的特殊形式来表现的，因此，掌握虚拟语气中的各种谓语动词的形式变化，是掌握虚拟语气的关键。虚拟语气在简单句中的用法虚拟语气用于简单句中，一般表示祝愿、命令等。谓语动词要用原形。虚拟语气在主从复合句中的用法在状语从句中的用法条件句中的用法 虚拟语气的条件句是用谓语动词的特殊形式来表现与现在、过去事实相反的情况或对将来发生的情况表示怀疑，和直陈语气条

32、件句中的谓语动词形式以及表达的含义完全不同。虚拟语气条件句中所用的谓语动词的过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时等，只表示不同的虚拟语气，和直陈语气的过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时等毫无关系。现将虚拟语气的各种具体形式和用法分述如下；表示与现在事实相反的情况形式条件从句的动词形式主句的动词形式If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+行为动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）I (we) shouldYou (he,she , +动词原形或：they,it ) would 所有人称+might(could)+动词原形用法：If I had more time, I should

33、study German.(fact:I have no more time, so I shall not study German. )If she were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.(fact:she is very busy, so she will not attend the meeting this afternoon.)If they didnt take physical exercises every day, they wouldnt be so healthy.(fact: the

34、y take physical exercises every day, so they are very healthy.)表示与过去誓死相反的情况形式；条件从句的动词形式主句的动词形式If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+had+过去分词I (we) shouldYou (he,she , +have+过去分词或：they,it ) would 所有人称+could(might)+have+过去分词用法：I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterdays examination

35、.(fact:I had no more time at yesterdays exam, so I didnt check my paper again)You would have already recovered from his illness if he had seen the doctor in good time.(fact: He didnt see the doctor in good time ,so he hasnt recovered from his illness ) 表示与将来事实相反的情况形式：条件从句的动词形式主句的动词形式If I (we,you,he,

36、she,it,they)+行为动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）通常要与一个表将来的时间的状语连用If (we,you,he,she,it,they)+should+动词原形c. If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+were to+动词原形I (we) shouldYou would +动词原形或：he(she,it ) would they wouldI (we,you,he,she,it,they)+could(might)+动词原形用法：If it rains tomorrow, our picnic will be put off.(The weather has been changeable these days.)If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.( The we