职称英语小抄五补全短文

1、四、补全短文（一）Mobile phones（移动电话）Mobile phones should carry a label if they proved' to be a dangerous source of radiation, according to Robert Bell, a scientist. And no more mobile phone transmitter towers should be built until the long-term health effects of the electromagnetic radiation they emit a

2、re scientifically evaluated, he said. "Nobody's going to drop dead overnight but we should be asking for more scientific information," Robert Bell said at a conference on the health effects of low-level radiation（1）A report widely circulated among the public says that up to now scienti

3、sts do not really know enough to guarantee there are no ill-effects on humans from electromagnetic radiation. According to Robert Bell, there are 3. 3 million mobile phones in Australia alone and they are increasing by 2,000 a day（2） AS well, there are 2,000 transmitter towers around Australia, many

4、 in high density residential areas. （3） The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby.Robert Bell suggests that until more research is completed the Government should ban construction of phone towers from

5、within a 500 metre radius of school grounds, child care centres, hospitals, sports playing fields and residential areas with a high percentage of children（4） He adds that there is also evidence that if cancer sufferers are subjected to electromagnetic waves the growth rate of the disease accelerates

6、.（5）According to Robert Bell, it is reasonable for the major telephone companies to fund it. Besides, he also urges the Government to set up a wide-ranging inquiry into possible health effects. A He says there is emerging evidence that children absorb low-level radiation at a rate more than three ti

7、mes that of adults. B By the year 20004 it is estimated that Australia will have 8 million mobile phones: nearly one for every two people: C "If mobile phones' are found to be dangerous, they should carry a warning label' until proper shields can be devised," he said.D Then who fin

8、ances the research? E For example, Telstra, Optus and Vodaphone build their towers where it is geographically suit-able to them and disregard the need of the community. F The conclusion is that mobile phones brings more harm than benefit（C、B、E、A、D）（二）The worlds longest bridge（世界上最长的桥）Rumor has it th

9、at' a legendary six-headed monster lurks in the deep waters of the Tyrrhenian Sea between Italy and the island of Sicily.（1）When completed in 2010, the world's longest bridge will weigh nearly 300,000 tons - equivalent to the iceberg that sank the Titanic and stretch 5 kilometers long. "

10、;That's nearly 50 percent longer than any other bridge ever built,'' says structural engineer Shane Rixon.（2）They're suspension bridges, massive structures built to span vast water channels or. A suspension bridge needs just two towers to shoulder the structure's mammoth weight,

11、thanks to hefty supporting cables slung between the towers and anchored firmly in deep pools of cement at each end of the bridge. The Messina Strait Bridge will have two 54,100-ton towers, which will support most of the bridge's load. The beefy cables of the bridge, each 1. 2 meter in diameter,

12、will hold up the longest and widest bridge deck ever built.When construction begins on the Messina Strait Bridge in 2005, the first job will be to erect370 meter-tall steel towers（3）Getting these cables up will be something'. It's not just their, length - totally 5. 3 kilometers but their we

13、ight（4）After lowering vertical " suspender" cables from the main cables, builders will erect a 60-me-wide 54,630-ton steel roadway, or deck - wide enough to accommodate 12 lanes of traffic. deck's weight will pull down on the cables with a force of 70,500 tons. In return, the cables ya

14、nk up against their firmly rooted anchors with a force of 139,000 tons - equivalent to the weight of about 100,000 cars. Those anchors are essential（5）A Some environmentalists are against the project on biological grounds. B What do the world's longest bridges have in common?C If true, one day y

15、ou might spy the beast while zipping across the Messina StraitBridge.D They're what will keep the bridge from going anywhere. E The second job will be to pull two sets of steel cables across the strait, each set being a bundle of 44,352 individual steel wires. F They will tip up the scales at 16

16、6,500 tons - more than half the bridge's total mass.(C、B、E、F、D)（三）Reinventing the table（重新发明元素周期表）An earth scientist has rejigged the periodic table' to make chemistry simpler to teach to students. (1) But Bruce Railsback from the University of Georgia says he is the first to create a table

17、that breaks with tradition and shows the ions of each element rather than just the elements themselves."I got tired of breaking my arms trying to explain the periodic table to earth students," he says, criss-crossing his hands in the air and pointing to different bits of a traditional tabl

18、e.（2）But he has added' contour lines to charge density, helping to explain which ions react with which."Geochemists just want an intuitive sense of what's going on with the elements, "says Albert from the University of Cambridge.（3） （4）He explains that sulphur, for example, shows u

19、p in three different spots - one for sulphide, which is found in minerals, one for sulphite, and one for sulphate, which is found in sea salt, for instance.He has also included symbols to show which ions are nutrients, and which are common in soil or water.（5）A There have been many attempts to redes

20、ign the periodic table since Dmitri Mendeleev drew it up in 1871.B Railsback has still ordered the elements according to the number of protons they have.C "I imagine this would be good for undergraduates.D "Railsback has listed some elements more than once.E And the size of element's s

21、ymbol reflects how much of it is found in the Earth's crust.F The traditional periodic table was well drawn.（A、B、C、D、E）（四）Dont rely on plankton to save the planet（不要靠浮游生物拯救这个地球）Encouraging plankton growth in the ocean has been touted by some as a promising way to remove carbon dioxide from the a

22、tmosphere（1） Adding iron to patches of ocean can make plankton bloom temporarily. The microscopic organisms suck up dissolved carbon dioxide from the water, which in turn is replaced by carbon dioxide from the air.（2）Jorge Sarmiento from Princeton and his colleagues developed a complex computer mode

23、l to analyse how factors such as ocean chemistry and water circulation would affect the process if 160,000square kilometres of ocean were seeded with iron for a month.（3）In their scenario, which covers an area 10 times as big as the largest experiment of this kind ever proposed, fertilising the ocea

24、n removes 1 million tonnes of carbon from the atmosphere just 0. 2 per cent of the carbon dioxide humankind spews out each month.Rough estimates in the past have predicted similarly disappointing results. （4） says Sallie Chisholm, an environmental engineer from the Massachusetts Institute of Technol

25、ogy. "But the take-home message is the same（5） A Its opponents argue, however, that it will stop global warming.B Its opponents fear that it will damage the marine ecosystem, and now a computer model showsthat the trick would also be remarkably inefficient. C As plankton die and settle on the o

26、cean floor, their carbon is supposedly locked up in the seabed. D They found that 100 years later only between 2 and -11 per cent, of the extra carbon that was originally taken up by plankton had actually been removed from the atmosphere. E "These are newer and better modelsF Ocean fertilisatio

27、n is not the answer to global warming.（B、C、D、E、F）（五）The magic of sound（奇妙的声音）Music is one of the most beautiful forms of artistic expressions ever invented. In movies and plays, music has an added function : it not only moves people but also can shock people. Is it true that an ordinary musical inst

28、rument can be so powerful?Our eardrums can withstand sound within 20 to 80 decibels. Once sound exceeds this limit , even beautiful music will become ear-splitting noise 3 and harm health. A strong blast of high sound can twist and break a solid iron sheet.（1）The noise from a plane's engine is o

29、ver 140 decibels. However, the sound of a flute is at most a few decibels.（2）It has been proven that people who have worked in an environment with a high sound intensity for a long time suffer varying degrees of heart disease or altered brain waves.In movies, sometimes the hero can produce a sound t

30、hat ordinary people can't hear and only those who have the same ability can feel. In nature, there is actually sound that is beyond our hearing. In physics, the sound that exceeds 20,000 Hz is called ultrasonic. （3） It does no harm to health.Sound less than 20 Hz is called infrasonic waves. When

31、 we move, the air will vibrate.（4） As the frequency of infrasonic waves is close to that of people's internal organs, infrasonic wave may cause resonance in human bodies. As a result, people's vision may weaken and internal organs may rupture. However, whether an infrasonic wave can be used

32、as a weapon depends on its intensity. If its intensity is very low, it won't damage internal organs or a person's health.（5）When wind blows at a force of 3 or 4 over the sea, it will produce infrasonic waves decibels. Only typhoons can produce infrasonic waves of over 100 decibels. At presen

33、t, scientists can only produce infrasonic weapons in the lab with the help of advanced scientific tools and powerful electric powerA High sound of 150 decibels can kill a healthy rat. B The vibration of air can produce infrasonic waves. C We cannot play high-pitched music with ordinary musical instr

34、uments.D If the intensity of infrasonic wave exceeds 160 decibels, it is extremely harmful. E Dolphins, whales and bats can make such high-frequency sound. F Therefore, the sound of ordinary musical instruments cannot harm your health.（A、F、E、B、D）（六）Dung to death（施肥致死）Fields across Europe are contami

35、nated with dangerous levels of the antibiotics given to farm animals. The drugs, which are in manure sprayed onto fields as fertilizers, could be getting into our food and water, helping to create a new generation of antibiotic-resistant "superbugs". The warning comes from a researcher in

36、Switzerland who looked at levels of the drugs in farm. （1） Some 120,000 tons of antibiotics are used in the European Union and the US each year. More than half are given to farm-animals to prevent disease and promote growth.（2）Most researchers assumed that humans become infected with the resistant s

37、trains by eating contaminated meat.3 But far more of the drugs end up in manure than in meat products, says Stephen Mueller of the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology in Dubendorf.（3）With millions of tons of animals manure spread onto fields of crops such as wheat and ba

38、rley each year, this pathway seems an equally likely route for spreading resistance, he said. The drugs contaminate the crops, which are then eaten.（4）Mueller is particularly concerned about a group of antibiotics called sulphonamides. （5） His analysis found that Swiss farm manure contains a high pe

39、rcentage of sulphonamides; each hectare of field could be contaminated with up to 1 kilogram of the drugs. This concentration is high enough to trigger the development of resistance among bacteria. But vets are not treating the issue seriously.There is growing concern at the extent to which drugs, i

40、ncluding antibiotics, are polluting the environment. Many drugs given to humans are also excreted unchanged and are not broken down by conventional sewage treatment.A They do not easily degrade or dissolve in water.B And manure contains especially high levels of bugs that are resistant to antibiotic

41、s, he says.C Animal antibiotics is still an area to which insufficient attention has been paid. D But recent research has found a direct 0link between the increased use of these farmyard drugs and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugs that infect people. E His findings are particularly shockin

42、g because Switzerland is one of the few countries to have banned antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed. F They could also be leaching into tap water pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields（E、D、B、F、A） （七）Time in the animal world（动物界中的时间）Rhythm controls everything in Nature.（1） The sun pr

43、ovides a basic time rhythm for all living creatures including humans. Nearly all animals are influenced by sun cycles and have developed a biological clock in their bodies following these cycles. The moon also exerts its force and influence on the sea. Its gravitational attraction causes the rising

44、of the tide. （2）When the moon is behind the Earth, centrifugal force cause the second tide of the day.Animals living in tidal areas must have the instinct of predicting these changes, to avoid being stranded and dying of dehydration. Since the time of the dinosaurs, the king crab has been laying egg

45、s at the seaside in a set way. To avoid predator fish 3 , the eggs are always far from seawater and protected by sand. In the following two months, the eggs undergo dramatic changes related to the cycles of the moon. When the second spring tide comes, the young king crabs have matured.（3）Most of the

46、 mammals, either the giant-elephant or the small shrew, have the same average total number of heartbeats in their lifetime. Shrews live only for two and a half years, and spend their life at a high speed and high tempo. Animals like shrews with a pulse rate of 600 per minute have an average total of

47、 eight. hundred million heartbeats throughout their life The African elephant has a pulse rate of 25 beats per minute, and a life span 6 of 60 years. The size of the body determines the speed of life.（4）As we get older, our sense of time is being influenced by the physiological changes of our body.

48、The elderly spend more time resting, and do few sports（5） For a child, a week is seen as a long time.A For an adult; 'time goes fast year by year.,B It 'controls, for example, the flapping of birds' wings, the beating of the heart and the rising and setting of the sun. C The larger the a

49、nimal is, the longer its life span is and the slower its life tempo isD The tide goes out when the moon moves away and its attraction is weaker. E We always tend to think' all the animals have the same sense of time as human beings. F The second spring tide takes them back to the sea.（B、D、F、C、A）

50、（八）Watching Microcurrents flow（观察微电流流程）We can now watch electricity as it flows through even the tiniest circuits. By scanning the magnetic field generated as electric .currents flow through objects, physicists have managed（1）The technology will allow manufacturers to scan microchips for faults, as

51、well as revealing microscopic defects in anything from aircraft to banknotes.Xiao and Ben Schrag at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, visualize the current by measuring subtle changes in the magnetic field of an object and （2）Their sensor is adapted' from an existing piece of technol

52、ogy that is used to measure large magnetic fields in computer hard drives. " We redesigned the magnetic sensor to make it capable of measuring very weak changes in magnetic fields," says Xiao.The resulting device is capable of detecting a current as weak as 10 microamperes, even when wire

53、is buried deep within a chip, and it shows up features as small as 40 nanometers across. At present, engineers looking for defects in a chip have to peel off the layers and examine the circuits visually; this is one of the obstacles （3） But the new magnetic microscope is sensitive enough to look ins

54、ide chips and reveal faults such as short circuits, nicks in the wires or electro migration where a dense area of current picks up surrounding atoms and moves them along. "It is like watching a river flow," explains Xiao.As well as scanning tiny circuits, the microscope can be used to reve

55、al the internal structure of any object capable of conducting electricity. 3 For example, it could look directly at microscopic cracks in an aeroplanes fuselage（4）The technique cannot yet pick up electrical activityin the human brain because the current there is too small, but Xiao doesn't rule

56、it out in the future." I can never say never," he says.Although the researchers have only just made the technical details of the microscope public, it already on sale, from electronics company Micro Magnetics in Fall River, Massachusetts. It is the size of a refrigerator and takes several

57、minutes to scan a circuit, but Xiao and Schrag are working （5）A to shrink it to the size of a desktop computer and cut the scanning time to 30 seconds. B to making chips any smaller. C to take tiny chips we require. D to picture the progress of the currents. E converting the information into a color

58、 picture showing the density of current at each point.F faults in the metal strip of a forged banknote or bacteria in a water sample （D、E、B、F、A）（九）Heat is killer（高温杀手）Extremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people feel hot, it can cause serious medical problems - even death. Floods, storms, volcano eruptions and other natural disasters kill thousands of people every year. （1） . Experts say heat may be nature's deadliest killer. Recently, extreme heat was blamed for killing more than one hundred people in India. It is