岩土工程专业英语词汇A-Z

1、岩土工程专业英语词汇A-ZAabrasionaction磨蚀作用abrasives研磨料；研磨物absoluteage绝对年龄absorbedlayer吸附层absorbedwater吸（附）水absorptionlimit吸附界限absorptionloss吸附损失abutment桥台；坝肩；墩栓；支座abutmentwall桥台翼墙abysmaldeposit深海沉积AcceleratedLandslipPreventiveMeasuresProject加速防止山泥倾泻计划acceptablewavecondition容许波浪条件acceptanceoftender采纳投标书acciden

2、tinvestigation意夕卜调查，事故调查accidentloadingcondition意夕卜荷载条件accidentreport意外事件故报告accidentstatistics意外事故统计（数字）accreditedprivatelaboratory认可私营实验所accumulateddeformation累积变形accuracy准确度；精度acidiccorrosion酸性侵腐蚀acidicigneousrock酸性火成岩acidityandalkalinitytest酸碱度试验aciditytest酸度试验acid-pickling酸洗；酸浸AcousticDopplerCur

3、rentProfiler,ADCP声波多普勒水流测剖机仪acousticemissionmonitoring声辐射监测acousticexploration声波勘探acousticfrequencygeo-electricfieldmethod声频大地电场法acousticpiezometer声辐射测压计acousticprospecting声波勘探acquisition（土地）收购；征用acrylamidegrouting丙凝灌浆activeclay活性黏土activeearthpressure,pa主动土压力activefault活断层；活动断裂activeintensityforecas

4、ting活动烈度预测activeisolation积极隔振离activemitigationstrategies主动缓解策略activeperiod活动期，活跃期activepile主动桩activestabilizer活性加固剂activestate主动状态activestateofplasticequilibrium主动塑性平衡状态activewater（有侵蚀性）活性水activezone活动层，膨胀土层activity活性activityindex,A活性指数additionalstress附加应力additiveconstant力口常数adhesion黏着力；黏著作用；内聚力adhe

5、sive胶黏剂，黏结剂adjustedvalue平差值，调整值adjustment调整；调节；调校；（测量）平差adjustmentitem调整项目administrativeprocedure行政程序AdmiraltyChart海军图表，航海图admissibleload容许荷载admixture搀和剂，混合物，搀合物advanceworks前期工程adversegeologicalcondition不良地质情况条件AdvisoryCouncilontheEnvironment环境咨询委员会AdvisoryLetter（onslopemaintenance）（斜坡维修）劝喻信aeolians

6、oil风积土aerationzone通气带aerationzonewater通气带水aeratedwater饱气水aerialcamera/aircamera航空摄影机；空中摄影机aerialmapping航空填图航空测绘aerialphotogrammetry航空摄影测量学，空中摄影测量学aerialphotographinterpretation,API航空照片判释解译aerialphotograph（verticaloroblique）（垂直或倾斜）航空照片，航摄照片aerialphotographicsurvey航空摄影测量aerialsurvey/airsurvey航空测量，空中测量

7、aerobe需氧菌，喜氧菌；需氧生物age-dating（ofrock）（岩石）测年，测定年代ageing老化agglomerate集块岩aggregate（土壤）团粒；（混凝土）骨料aggregateabrasionvalue石料耐磨值aggregateimpactvalue石料冲击强度值agitator搅拌器A-horizonA层；淋溶层AIEG（AssociationofInternationalEngineeringGeology）国际工程地质学会aircompressor空气压缩机aircontent,ac含气率airjet喷射气流；喷嘴airpermeability透气性率airp

8、ermeabilitytest透气性率试验airspaceratio,Ga排水气隙比airtest气密试验airvoidratio,Gv气隙比airvoids（ofasoil）（土的汽隙，（土的）空气孔隙air-curtainmethod气幕法air-driedsoil风干土air-liftequipment压缩空气扬水泵air-lock气闸AirportCoreProgramme,ACP机场核心计划air-water气水面alertcriteria警戒准则alertlevel预警水平alignment（pipealignment）（管线）定线；线向；路线alignmentsurvey定线测量

9、A-line（塑性图）A线allroundpressure周围压应力allocationcondition批地条款；分配条件；分配规定allocationplan批地图allowableamplitude容许振幅allowablebearingcapacity容许承载能力allowablebearingpressure容许承载力allowablebearingvalue容许承载值allowabledeformation容许变形allowableerror容许误差allowableload容许荷载allowablemovement容许位移allowablepilebearingload单桩容许荷

10、载allowablesettlement容许沉降量allowablesoilpressure容许土压力allowablevibrationacceleration容许振动力口速度allowanceforcorrosionloss预留锈蚀量alluvial（clay,silt,sand）冲积（黏土、粉土、砂）alluvialplain冲积平原alluvialsoil冲积土alluvialterrace冲积阶地alluvium冲积物；冲积层all-weather全天候alternatingload交变荷载alternatingstrain交变应变alternatingstress交变应力alter

11、nation更改；改建；后补；替代alternativedesign替代设计altimeter测高仪altitude高程，海拔aluminumoctahedron铝面体ambientpressure环境压应力ambienttemperature环境介质温度amendment修正；改正Amenity(城市规划)环境美化带区amenityarea美化市容地带；市容地带AmericanAssociationofStateHighwayandTransportationOfficials(AASHTO)Standard美国公路及交通正式标准协会AmericanSocietyforTestingandM

12、aterials(ASTM)Standards美国试验及材料学会标准amplificationfactor放大因子amplitudemagnificationfactor振幅放大因子amplitudeofvibration振幅amplituderatio振幅比anaerobe厌氧菌；厌氧生物anaerobicsulphate-reducingbacteria厌氧抗硫酸盐细菌anchor(inslopeworks)(边坡工程)锚杆，锚；锚杆支撑anchorblock锚块anchorbolt锚栓，螺栓anchorcable锚索anchorpile锚桩anchorplate锚板anchorrod锚杆

13、anchorwall锚定固墙anchorage锚定固作用；地锚anchoragearea锚地；碇泊区anchorageforce锚固力anchoragesheartest锚固剪切试验anchoredbulkhead锚定固岸壁；锚定固挡壁anchoredsheetpiling锚定固板桩墙anchoring锚固ancillaryworks附属工程andesite安山岩andesitetuff安山凝灰岩anemometer风速仪；风速表ANFOblastingagent硝酸镂油渣混合炸药angleofcontact(弯液面)接触角angleofdilatancy剪胀角，扩容角angleofexter

14、nalfriction夕卜摩擦角angleofinclination倾角angleofinternalfriction,内摩擦角angleofobliquity倾斜角angleofreach触及坡角angleofrepose休止角angleofrupture破裂角angleofshearingresistance抗剪角，剪切角angleofshearingstrength剪切强度角angleofskinfriction表面摩擦角angleofslope斜坡坡角，斜坡角度angleoftrueinternalfriction真内摩擦角angleofwallfriction,墙摩擦愈angular

15、棱角状的angularitychart棱角度对比图angularityfactor棱角度因子anidrite硬石膏anionadsorption阴离子吸附anionexchange阴离子交换anisotropicconsolidation各向不等压固结；各向异性固结anisotropichardening各向异性硬化anisotropicmedium各向异性介质anisotropicsoil各向异性土anisotropy各向异性anthropogenic受人类影的anticline背斜anti-flocculation反絮凝作用anti-slidepile抗滑桩anvil砧A-paramete

16、r孔隙压力系数Aaperturesize缝隙尺寸aplite细晶岩apparentangleofinternalfriction表观内摩擦角apparentcohesion表观黏聚力，似黏聚力apparentpreconsolidationpressure表观先期固结压力apparentshearingstrength表观抗剪强度apparentvelocity表观流速approachchannel进出港航道；进出口航道approachroad弓I路approachvelocity行近流速approvedconcretemix认可混凝土混合料approvedcontractor认可承建商app

17、rovedplan批准的计划；认可的设计：认可图则approvedprojectestimate核准工程预算approvedsuppliersofmaterials认可物料供货商apron护坦，挡板aquiclude阻水层aquifer含水层aquitard弱透水层archaction（insoil）（土中）成拱作用Archaeozoic太古代Archean（年代）太古代的；（地层）太古界的arching拱作用AreaCommittee分区委员会areaload面荷载arearatio（取样器）面积比argillaceousrock泥质岩；黏土（质）岩aridregion干旱区arithmet

18、icalcheck运算核对armour（防波堤）护面；护面块体armourlayer护面层armourrock护面块石artesianaquifer承压含水层artesianbasin自流盆地artesiangroundwater承压地下水artesianwater承压水；自流水artesianwell自流井articlesofagreement合约细则，协议条款，合约条款artificialground人工地基as-constructeddrawing竣工图as-constructedplan竣工图贝Uaseismaticdesign抗震设计aseismicregion无震区asphalt沥

19、青，柏油asphaltmixdesign沥青混凝土配方asphaltpaver沥青摊铺机aspirator流水抽气器assembly装置AssessmentPanel评估小组AssociationofConsultingEngineersofHongKong,ACEHK香港顾问工程师协会AssociationofGeotechnicalandGeoenvironmentalSpecialists（HongKong）Ltd.香港岩土及岩土环境工程专业协会AssociationofGovernmentLandandEngineeringSurveyingOfficers,AGLESO政府土地工程测

20、量主任协会AssociationofGovernmentLocalLandSurveyors,AGLLS政府本地土地测量师协会AssociationofGovernmentTechnicalandSurveyOfficers,AGTSO政府工程技术及测量主任协会associativeflowrule相关流动法贝Uastronomicaltide天文潮atmosphericwater大气水attenuation衰减AtterbergLimits阿太堡界限attitude（地质）产状,构造面位置auger螺旋钻augerbit螺旋钻头augerboring螺旋钻探augerdrill螺旋钻auge

21、rpile螺旋桩AuthorizedPerson,AP认可人士；获授权人士authority当局；权力；主管机构authorityconcerned有关当局；有关主管机构authorityforapproval授权当局；批核当局authorization批核AuthorizedLandSurveyor认可土地测量师authorizedmarineborrowarea认可挖砂区，已批准的挖砂区autograph自动缗图仪autographicrecord自动记录automaticraingauge自动雨量计automaticrampiledriver自动冲锤打桩机auto-telemeterin

22、g自动遥测availabilityofland可用土地avalanche山崩；雪崩averagemaximumwaveheight平均最大波高averagestress平均应力axial轴向axialbearingcapacity轴向承载压力axialcompression轴向压缩axialextensiontest轴向拉伸试验axialload轴向荷载；轴压axialpressure轴向压力axialstrain轴向应变axialstress轴向应力axialsymmetry轴对称azimuth极方位；极方位角Bbackanalysis反演分析backdrain墙背排水设施backosmot

23、icpressure反渗压力backpressure反压（力）,倒压back-calculation反算法，反推法backfill回填土，回泥；回填backfilling回填backgroundnoiselevel背景音量backingconcrete堤背混凝土back-uparea后勤区；后勤用地backwarderosion向源侵蚀，逆向侵蚀backwatereffect回水作用badland劣地baggedconcrete袋装混凝土bailer抽泥筒balancecone（稠度试验）平衡锥balanceinwaterquantity水量平衡ballast道硝；压载balloondensi

24、meter囊式密度计balloonvolumeter囊式体积仪banddrain排水板，排水肩带bandedclay带状黏土band-shapedprefabricateddrain带状预制排水板bank（ofchannel）堤岸；?畔；（航道）边坡banquette填土；扩坡道barge卸泥船；定船；驳船；平底船bargingpoint建船转运站bariumsulphatetest硫酸钢试验barrel钻探取样器，（惯称）巴鲁；桶barrette方形桩，矩形桩barriereffect（桩工）遮帘作用Barron'sconsolidationtheory1隆固结理论basalcong

25、lomerate底砾岩basalt玄武岩basaltdyke玄武岩岩墙basecourse路工）baseexchangecapacity盐基交换容量baseexchange盐基交换baseheavefailure基底隆起破坏baselevel基准面baseshearingresistance基底抗剪强度basetiltfactor（地基承载力）基底倾斜因子baseline基数；基线basementwall地下室墙basicigneousrock基性火成岩basicintensity基本烈度basin水槽；港池；盆地；峡basin-rangelandform盆峡岭地貌batchingandmix

26、ingplant（concrete）（混凝土）配料及搅拌设备batchingplant混凝土配料机batholith岩基bathyaldeposit次深海沉积bathymetricsurvey海深测量bathymetry海深，海底深度batterleaderpiledriver斜导架打桩机batterpile斜桩batter倾斜Baumehydrometer波美比重计beachsand海滩砂beacon航标；浮标；灯塔；讯标；立标beamunderfoundation地基梁bearing方位；方向角；支承（座架）bearingcapacity承载力bearingcapacityfactor（地

27、基）承载力因子，承载力系数bearingcourse承压垫层bearinggraph（桩工）反应曲线bearinglayer持力层bearingpile承重桩，支承桩bearingplate载荷板bearingstratum持力层，支承层bearingtest载荷试验beddedrockslope层状岩石斜坡bedding层理beddingerror（试验）端垫误差beddinglayer垫层beddingplane层理面bedrock基岩belledpile扩底桩bellingbucket扩底挖斗benchedfoundation台阶式基础benchmark水平点bendingmoment弯

28、矩bendingschedule弯钢筋表bendingstrength抗弯强度benefitanalysis效益分析benthicseabedgrabsurvey海底抓斗勘测benthic海底的bentonite膨润土，膨土岩bentoniteliner膨润土衬垫bentoniteslurry膨润土泥浆berm（onaslope）（斜坡）坡级，坡台berm护道；斜水，（俗称）坡级bermstone护脚石berthconfigurationcoefficient靠泊形状系数berth码头；泊位berthing停泊berthingandlandingfacilities靠泊及登陆设施berthin

29、gcondition靠泊条件；靠泊，靠码头，停泊berthingenergy靠船（撞击）能量berthingload靠泊荷载berthingreaction靠泊反力best-estimateparameter最佳估计参数B-horizonB层（岩土风化）B积层bias偏差biasofrisk风险偏向biaxialstateofstress双轴应力状态bilinearmodel双线性模型billsofquantities工料清单；工料报价单bindercourse（路工）结合层Binghammodel宾汉模型biologicalweathering生物风化Biot'sconsolidat

30、iontheory匕奥固结理论biotatissue生物组织biotite黑云母bird'-eyeview鸟瞰图Bishop'ssimplifiedmethodofslice毕肖普简化条分法bitumen沥青bitumengrouting沥青灌浆blanket铺盖；掩盖blanketgrouting铺盖灌浆blast燃爆；爆破blastcleaning喷砂清洁blasting（e.g.rockblasting）燃爆，爆破（例：爆石）blastingbyabrasive（e.g.sandblasting）磨料喷砂（例：砂磨）blastingcertificate燃爆证书blast

31、ingcompactionmethod爆炸挤密法blastingsite爆石工地；爆破工地blastingworks爆石工程；爆破工程bleederwell减压井blindcatchbasin截留盲井blinddrain盲沟blinding基础垫层；地基垫层，（俗称）草鞋底blindinglayer垫层blockdiagram三相图blocksample样品，块样blockage堵塞，淤塞blockageofdrain排水堵塞，渠道淤塞blockingleaking堵漏blockworkseawall方块海堤blockworkwall方块体墙blowcount击数blow-in涌入；吹入blo

32、wnsand风成砂blowntippile爆扩桩blows（inSPT）（标准贯入试验）锤击数blow-up（路工）鼓起bluff悬崖boathoist吊艇bodyforce体积力bodywave体波bog沼泽bogpeat沼泽泥炭boiling砂沸；翻浆bollard系船柱bolt螺栓bolting栓固bond契约bonding黏结；结合力bondsman保证人bonuspayment奖励付款bookclay带状黏土bookhousefabric书堆结构borderpile边桩boredpile钻孔灌注桩，钻孔桩borehole钻孑Lboreholecamera钻孑L照相机boreholed

33、irectsheardevice钻孑L直剪仪boreholeextensometer钻孑L弓I伸仪boreholelog钻孔记录；钻孔柱状图boreholeperiscope钻孑L潜望镜boreholespacing钻孑L间距boreholespecimen钻孑L土样boreholesurveying钻孑L勘察borescope（桩工）钻孔检查显示器boring（forgroundinvestigation）（地基勘探）钻探boringbit钻头boringbypercussion冲击钻进boringcasing钻探套管boringframe钻架boringlog钻孔记录；钻孔柱状图borin

34、gmachine钻孑L机boringrig钻探机，钻机boringrod钻杆borrowarea取土区；挖泥区；采料场borrowpit取土坑Bostonblueclay波士顿蓝黏土bottomdump经舱底卸置，舱底式卸置bottomheave坑底隆起，底鼓bottompressure底压力bottom-dumpbarge开底运泥船boulder漂石，孤石，漂砾，散石，砾石，巨砾boulderclay漂石黏土boulderfall砾石下坠，孤石崩落，孤石下坠，巨砾泻落boulderfence防石栏BoulderFieldInventory富孤石区目录boulderycolluvium砾石坡积

35、物boundwater吸附水，结合水boundarycondition边界条件boundaryelement边界元boundaryelementmethod边界元法boundarymark界址标记boundarywall边界墙Bourdongauge布尔登压力计Boussinesqsolution布西涅斯克解Boussinesqtheory布西涅斯克理论boxcaisson沉箱boxculvert盒形暗渠，箱涵，箱形涵洞boxfoundation箱型基础boxpile箱型桩B-parameter孔隙压力系数Bbracedexcavation支撑开挖bracedsheeting支撑挡板braci

36、ng支撑；加劲bracingarrangement（基坑开挖）支撑装置Braziliantest巴西试验，劈裂试验breakdamage干裂破坏breakline倾斜变换线；折线breakdownpressure破碎压力breakingstrain断裂应变breakingstress断裂应力breakingwave破碎波breakwater防波堤breastwall胸墙breccia角砾岩bridgeabutment桥台briefingsession简报会brieflyfrozensoil暂短冻土BritishStandards,BS英国标准BritishStandardsInstitutio

37、n,BSI英国标准协会brittlefailure脆性破坏brittlefracture脆裂brittlenessindex脆性指数brooming（木）桩碎裂，（木）桩头碎裂Brownianmovement布朗运动bucket链斗；斗；桶斗；铲斗；车斗桶；勺bucketauger勺钻bucketdredger链斗式挖泥船bucketladderdredger链斗挖掘船buckling压曲，弯曲，弯折；侧胀Building（Administration）Regulations建筑物（管理）规例Building（Construction）Regulations建筑物（建造）规例BuildingA

38、uthority建筑事务监督buildingcode建筑守则，建筑规范BuildingManagementCommittee,BMC大厦管理委员会BuildingsOrdinance建筑物条例built-incomponent嵌入部份bulbpile球根桩bulging（ofground）（土地）隆起bulkcheck整体检查bulkcompressibility体积压缩性bulkdensity体密度bulkexplosives浆状炸药bulkmodulus体积模量bulksample体样bulkshrinkage体缩bulkunitweight体积单位重量；体容重bulkweight体重量b

39、ulkvolume扩张体积bulkhead岸壁，挡墙bulkingfactor体积扩张系数；体积系数bulking体胀，胀大bulldozer推土机；铲泥车bund堤皇；皇；田基buoy浮标buoyancy扬压力，浮力buoyantdensity,浸海密度，浮密度buoyantfoundation浮筏基础buoyantpile浮桩；摩擦桩buoyantunitweight,浮容ft'浮重度burette滴定管Burgersmodel伯格模型buriedkarst埋藏型岩溶，潜伏岩溶buriedpilecap低桩承台buriedstructure埋入式结构物buriedwater-car

40、ryingservices地下带水管道bursting破裂，爆裂busbay巴士停车处；巴士停车场buslay-by巴士站；巴士停车场butt桩头；对接buttress扶墙，扶壁，支撑墙，支壁buttressedretainingwall扶壁式挡土墙buttressedwall扶垛墙by-passseepage绕渗Ccablepercussionboring钢绳冲击钻探cabletooldrill钢绳冲击钻cadastralplan地籍图cadastralsurvey地籍测量cageofreinforcement钢筋笼caisson沉箱，挖孔桩caissonfoundation沉箱基础caissonwall挖孔桩挡土墙，沉箱挡土墙，沉箱墙calcareousconcretion钙质结核calcareoustufa石灰华calcite方解石calculatedself-weightcollapse计算自重湿陷量calculationmodel计算模型calculoussoil砾质土calendarday历日calib