宏观经济学专业术语英语词汇及其翻译考博

1、宏观经济学所有的专业词汇的英文缩写及其翻译2019-03-21豆丁网密码了Aaccounting会计accountingcost会计成本accountingprofit会计禾U润adverseselection逆向选择allocation配置?l?ke?nallocationofresources资源配置allocativeefficiency配置效率,?l?'ket?vantitrustlegislation反托拉斯法?nti'tr?starcelasticity弧弹性i?l?'st?s?tiArrow'simpossibilitytheorem阿罗不可能定理

2、'0ri?mAssumption假设asymmetricinformation非对称性信息e?s?metr骂average平均averagecost平均成本averagecostpricing平均成本定价法'pra?5?averagefixedcost平均固定成本averageproductofcapital资本平均产量averageproductoflabour劳动平均产量averagerevenue平均收益averagetotalcost平均总成本averagevariablecost平均可变成本barrierstoentry进入壁垒baseyear基年bilateralm

3、onopoly双边垄断ba?'l?t?r?lbenefit收益blackmarket黑市blisspoint极乐点bl?sboundarypoint边界点breakevenpoint收支相抵点budget预算budgetconstraint预算约束budgetline预算线budgetset预算集Ccapital资本capitalstock资本存量sta?kcapitaloutputratio资本产出比率capitalism资本主义cardinalutilitytheory基数效用论'kc?rd?ilju?'t?l?ticartel卡特尔ceterispuribusas

4、sumption"其他条件不变”的假设ceterispuribusdemandcurve其他因素不变的需求曲线Chamberlinmodel张伯伦模型changeindemand需求变化changeinquantitydemanded需求量变化changeinquantitysupplied供给量变化s?'pla?dchangeinsupply供给变化choice选择closedset闭集Coasetheorem科斯定理CobbDouglasproductionfunction柯布一道格拉斯生产函数cobwebmodel蛛网模型collectivebargaining集体协议

5、工资'bc?rn?collusion合谋k?'lu?ncommandeconomy指令经济commodity商品commoditycombination商品组合commoditymarket商品市场commodityspace商品空间commonproperty公用财产comparativestaticanalysis比较静态分析compensatedbudgetline补偿预算线compensateddemandfunction补偿需求函数compensationprinciples补偿原贝Ucompensatingvariationinincome收入补偿变量competi

6、tion竞争competitivemarket竞争性市场complementgoods互补品'kd?npl?nentcompleteinformation完全信息completeness完备性k?m'pli?n?sconditionforefficiencyinexchange交换的最优条件conditionforefficiencyinproduction生产的最优条件concave凹'k?nkevconcavefunction凹函数concavepreference凹偏好consistence一致性constantcostindustry成本不变产业'?nd

7、?striconstantreturnstoscale规模报酬不变constraints约束Constraintcondition约束条件consumer消费者consumerbehavior消费者行为consumerchoice消费者选择consumerequilibrium消费者均衡?w?l?)ri?mconsumeroptimization消费者优化consumerpreference消费者偏好consumersurplus消费者剩余's?pl?sconsumertheory消费者理论consumption消费consumptionbundle消费束consumptioncomb

8、ination消费组合consumptionpossibilitycurve消费可能曲线consumptionpossibilityfrontier消费可能性前沿consumptionset消费集consumptionspace消费空间continuity连续性霰?nt?nju?询continuousfunction连续函数contractcurve契约曲线convex凸'k?nveksconvexfunction凸函数convexpreference凸偏好convexset凸集corporatlon公司cost成本costbenefitanalysis成本收益分costfunctio

9、n成本函数costminimization成本极小化Cournotequilibrium古诺均衡Cournotmodel古诺模型Crosspriceelasticity交叉价格弹性Ddeadweightsloss重负损失diseconomiesdecreasingcostindustry成本递减产业increasingcostindustry成本递增产业ofscale规模不经济decreasingreturnstoscale规模报酬递减increasingreturnstoscale规模报酬递增deduction演绎法d%Tk?idemand需求demandcurve需求曲线demandela

10、sticity需求弹性?'stR?tidemandfunction需求函数demandprice需求价格demandschedule需求表depreciation折旧d?ri?的明appreciation增值?辛1?饱附derivative导数d?rv?t初derivedemand派生需求differenceequation差分方程?kwe?differentialequation微分方程%f?ren?integralequation积分'?it?ldifferentiatedgood差异商品df?ren?feTddifferentiatedoligopoly差异寡头?'

11、;g?p?l?diminishingmarginalsubstitution边际替代率递减diminishingmarginalreturn收益递减diminishingmarginalutility边际效用递减directapproach直接法directtaxes直接税discounting贴税、折扣diseconomiesofscale规模不经济Z?k?n?m?disequilibrium非均衡Z?i?iw?)ri?mdistribution分配divisionoflabour劳动分工distributiontheoryofmarginalproductivity边际生产率分配论duop

12、oly双头垄断、双寡du?cTip?liduality对偶du?l?tidurablegoods耐用品dynamicanalysis动态分析da?n?m?idynamicmodels动态模型EEconomicagents经济行为者economiccost经济成本economicefficiency经济效率economicgoods经济物品economicman经济人economicmode经济模型economicprofit经济禾U润economicregionofproduction生产的经济区域economicregulation经济调节economicrent经济租金exchange交换

13、economics经济学exchangeefficiency交换效率economy经济exchangecontractcurve交换契约曲线'ka?itr?kteconomyofscale规模经济Edgeworthboxdiagram埃奇沃思图?d?W?0exclusion排斥性、排他性Edgeworthcontractcurve埃奇沃思契约线Edgeworthmodel埃奇沃思模型efficiency效率，效益efficiencyparameter效率参数p?'r?m?relasticity弹性?'stR?tielasticityofsubstitution替代弹性e

14、ndogenousvariable内生变量en'dcTd?n?sendowment禀赋n'da?m?ntendowmentofresources资源禀赋Engelcurve恩格尔曲线entrepreneur企业家?a?itr?pr?n?entrepreneurship企业家才能entrybarriers进入壁垒entry/exitdecision进出决策envelopecurve包络线?i'vel?pequilibrium均衡equilibriumcondition均衡条件equilibriumprice均衡价格equilibriumquantity均衡产量equity

15、公平'ekw?tiequivalentvariationinincome收入等价变量excesscapacitytheorem过度生产能力定理excesssupply过度供给k'sesexchange交换exchangecontractcurve交换契约曲线exclusion排斥性、排他性exclusionprinciple排他性原则existence存在性existenceofgeneralequilibrium总体均衡的存在性exogenousvariables外生变量ek'scTd?i?sexpansionpaths扩展径expectation期望?skspek&

16、#39;te?t?expectedutility期望效用expectedvalue期望值expenditure支出explicitcost显性成本externalbenefit外部收益externalcost外部成本externaleconomy夕卜部经济externaldiseconomy夕卜部不经济?l?/?k?n?m?externalities外部性ekst?n?l?ZFFactor要素factordemand要素需求factormarket要素市场factorsofproduction生产要素factorsubstitution要素替代factorsupply要素供给fallacyof

17、composition合成谬误'f?l?sifinalgoods最终产品firm企业firms'demandcurveforlabor企业劳动需求曲线firmsupplycurve企业供给曲线first-degreepricediscrimination第一级价格歧视first-ordercondition一阶条件fixedcosts固定成本fixedinput固定投入fixedproportionsproductionfunction固定比例的生产函数pr?'p?isflow流量fluctuation波动forwhomtoproduce为谁生产freeentry自由进

18、入freegoods自由品，免费品freemobilityofresources资源自由流动freerider搭便车，免费搭车function函数futurevalue未来值Ggametheory对策论、博弈论generalequilibrium总体均衡generalgoods一般商品Giffengoods吉芬晶Giffen'sParadox吉芬之谜Ginicoefficient吉尼系数霰o?tgoldenrule黄金规则goods货物governmentfailure政府失败governmentregulation政府调控grandutilitypossibilitycurve总效用

19、可能曲线夕?ndgrandutilitypossibilityfrontier总效用可能前沿Hheterogeneousproduct异质产品?iet?r?'d?i?ii?sHickskaldorwelfarecriterion希克斯一卡尔多福利标准homogeneity齐次性)dm?d?ni?句homogeneousdemandfunction齐次需求函数homogeneousproduct同质产品homogeneousproductionfunction齐次生产函数horizontalsummation水平和household家庭howtoproduce如何生产humancapit

20、al人力资本hypothesis假说ha?pc?0?s?iIidentity恒等式a?dent?tiimperfectcompetion不完全竞争k?m'pi?implicitcost隐性成本income收入incomecompensateddemandcurve收入补偿需求曲线incomeconstraint收入约束incomeconsumptioncurve收入消费曲线incomedistribution收入分配incomeeffect收入效应incomeelasticityofdemand需求收入弹性increasingcostindustry成本递增产业increasingre

21、turnstoscale规模报酬递增inefficiency缺乏效率indexnumber指数indifference无差异indifferencecurve无差异曲线ndifferencemap无差异族ndifferencerelation无差异关系ndifferenceset无差异集ndirectapproach间接法ndividualanalysis个量分析ndividualdemandcurve个人需求曲线ndividualdemandfunction个人需求函数nducedvariable弓I致变量nduction归纳法ndustry产业ndustryequilibrium产业均衡n

22、dustrysupplycurve产业供给曲线nelastic缺乏弹性的nferiorgoods劣品nflectionpoint拐点?i'flek?information信息nformationcost信息成本nitialcondition初始条件nitialendowment初始禀赋nnovation创新nput投入nputoutput投入一产出nstitution制度nstitutionaleconomics制度经济学nsurance保险ntercept截品巨?t?r'septnterest利息nterestrate利息率ekst?i?l世ntermediategoods中

23、间产品nternatizationofexternalities外部性内部化nvention发明nversedemandfunction逆需求函数nvestment投资nvisiblehand看不见的手socostline等成本线soprofitcurve等禾U润曲线soquantcurve等产量曲线soquantmap等产量族kindeddemandcurve弯折的需求曲线labour劳动labourdemand劳动需求laboursupply劳动供给labourtheoryofvalue劳动价值论labourunions工会laissezfaire自由放任le?SeLagrangianfu

24、nction拉格朗日函数Lagrangianmultiplier拉格朗乘数，land土地law法则lawofdemandandsupply供需法lawofdiminishingmarginalutility边际效用递减法贝Ulawofdiminishingmarginalrateofsubstitution边际替代率递减法贝Ulawofdiminishingmarginalrateoftechnicalsubstitution边际技术替代率lawofincreasingcost成本递增法贝Ulawofoneprice单一价格法贝Uleaderfollowermodel领导者一跟随者模型leas

25、tcostcombinationofinputs最彳氐成本的投入组合leisure闲暇Leontiefproductionfunction歹U昂节夫生产函数licenses许可证lineardemandfunction线性需求函数'l?ii?rlinearhomogeneity线性齐次性?ic?n?d?ni?ilinearhomogeneousproductionfunction线性齐次生产函数longrun长期longrunaveragecost长期平均成本longrunequilibrium长期均衡longrunindustrysupplycurve长期产业供给曲线longrunm

26、arginalcost长期边际成本longruntotalcost长期总成本Lorenzcurve洛伦兹曲线lossminimization损失极小化lumpsumtax一次性征税l?mpluxury奢侈品Mmacroeconomics宏观经济学marginal边际的marginalbenefit边际收益marginalcost边际成本marginalcostpricing边际成本定价marginalcostoffactor边际要素成本marginalperiod市场期marginalphysicalproductivity实际实物生产率marginalproduct边际产量marginalp

27、roductofcapital资本的边际产量marginalproductoflabour劳动的边际产量marginalproductivity边际生产率marginalrateofsubstitution边替代率marginalrateoftransformation边际转换率marginalreturns边际回报marginalrevenue边际收益marginalrevenueproduct边际收益产品marginalrevolution边际革命marginalsocialbenefit社会边际收益marginalsocialcost社会边际成本marginalutility边际效用ma

28、rginalvalueproducts边际价值产品market市场marketclearance市场结清，市场洗清marketdemand市场需求marketeconomy市场经济marketequilibrium市场均衡marketfailure市场失败marketmechanism市场机制marketstructure市场结构marketseparation市场分害Umarketregulation市场调节marketshare市场份额markuppricing加减定价法'md?kk?pMarshalliandemandfunction马歇尔需求函数maximization极大化m

29、icroeconomics微观经济学minimumwage最低工资misallocationofresources资源误置mR?l?ke?nmixedeconomy混合经济model模型money货币monopolisticcompetition垄断竞争m?ld?)?lat代?ka?np?'t?monopolisticexploitation垄断剥削kspl?te?monopoly垄断，卖方垄断monopolyequilibrium垄断均衡monopolypricing垄断定价monopolyregulation垄断调控monopolyrents垄断租金monopsony买方垄断m?&

30、#39;n?ps?n?Nashequilibrium纳什均衡Naturalmonopoly自然垄断Naturalresources自然资源Necessarycondition必要条件necessities必需品n?ses?:netdemand净需求nonconvexpreference4E凸性偏好n?nk?n'veksnonconvexity非凸性nonexclusion非排斥性nonlinearpricing非线性定价nonrivalry非对抗性nonpricecompetition非价格竞争nonsatiation非饱和性?se?fe?t?non-zerosumgame非零和对策n

31、ormalgoods正常品normalprofit正常利润normativeeconomics规范经济学'n?m?t初objectivefunction目标函数oligopoly寡头垄断?g?p?l?oligopolymarket寡头市场oligopolymodel寡头模型opportunitycost机会成本optimalchoice最佳选择optimalconsumptionbundle消费束perfectelasticity完全有弹性optimalresourceallocation最佳资源配置optimalscale最佳规模optimalsolution最优解optimizat

32、ion优化orderingofoptimization(social)preference(社会)偏好排序ordinalutility序数效用ordinarygoods一般品output产量、产出outputelasticity产出弹性?'stR?tioutputmaximization产出极大化Pparameter参数Paretocriterion帕累托标准'p?rt?Paretoefficiency帕累托效率Paretoimprovement帕累托改进Paretooptimality帕累托优化?pt?m?l?Paretoset帕累托集partialderivative偏导数

33、d?rv?t初partialequilibrium局部均衡patent专利'p?tntpayoffmatrix收益矩阵、支付矩阵'me?r?isperceiveddemandcurve感觉至U的需求曲线perfectcompetition完全竞争perfectcomplement完全互补品perfectmonopoly完全垄断perfectpricediscrimination完全价格歧视perfectsubstitution完全替代品perfectinelasticity完全无弹性?l?s'tR?t?perfectlyelastic完全有弹性perfectlyinel

34、astic完全无弹性/n/?l?st?cplantsize工厂规模pointelasticity点弹性?'stR?tipositiveeconomics实证经济学postHocFallacy后此谬误prediction预测preference偏好preferencerelation偏好关系presentvalue现值price价格priceadjustmentmodel价格调整模型priceceiling最高P艮价'si?priceconsumptioncurve价格费曲线pricecontrol价格管制pricedifference价格差另1Jpricediscriminat

35、ion价格歧视priceelasticityofdemand需求价格弹性priceelasticityofsupply供给价格弹性pricefloor最彳氐限价pricemaker价格制定者pricerigidity价格刚性r1d?d?tipriceseeker价格搜求者pricetaker价格接受者pricetax从价税privatebenefit私人收益principalagentissues委托一代理问题privatecost私人成本privategoods私人用品privateproperty私人财产producerequilibrium生产者均衡producertheory生产者理论

36、product产品producttransformationcurve产品转换曲线productdifferentiation产品差异productgroup产品集团production生产productioncontractcurve生产契约曲线productionefficiency生产效率productionfunction生产函数productionpossibilitycurve生产可能性曲线productivity生产率productivityofcapital资本生产率productivityoflabor劳动生产率profit利润profitfunction禾U润函数profitmaximization利润极大化?m?ks?na?ze?propertyrights产权propertyrightseconomics产权经济学prop