2011年英语考研模拟题1

1、WORD格式Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the followingtext.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWERSHEET 1.( 10 points )In the past few decades, remarkable findings have been made in ethology, the study of animal social behavior. Earlierscientists had 1 that

2、 nonhuman social life was almost totally instinctive or fixed by genetics. Much more careful observation has shown that 2 variation occurs among the social ties of most species, showing that learning is a part ofsocial life. That is, the3are not solely fixed by the genes.4， the learning that occurs

3、is often at an early age in a process that is called imprinting.Imprintingis clearly 5instinctive, but it is not quite like the learning of humans; it is something in between the two. An illustration best6thenature of imprinting. Once, biologists thought that ducklings followed the mother duck becau

4、se of instincts. Now we know that, shortly 7 they hatch, ducklings fix 8 any object about the size of a duck and will henceforth follow it. So ducklings may follow a basketball or a briefcase if these are 9 for the mother duck at the time when imprinting occurs. Thus, social ties can be considerably

5、 10, even ones that have a considerable base 11 by genetics.Even among the social insects something like imprinting 12 influence social behavior. For example, biologists oncethought bees communicated with others purely 13 instinct. But, in examining a "dance" that bees do to indicate the d

6、istance and direction of a pollen source, observers found that bees raised in isolation could not communicate effectively. At a higherlevel, the genetic base seems to be much more for an alllearning rather than the more specific responses ofimprinting. Chimpanzees, for instance, generally 14 very go

7、od mother but Jane Goodall reports that some chimps carry the infant upside down or 15 fail to nurture the young. She believes that these females were the youngest or the 16 child of amother. In such circumstances, they did not have the opportunityto observe how their own mother 17 for her young.Cer

8、tainly adolescent chimps who are still with their mothers when other young are born take much interest in the rearing of their young brother or sister. They have an excellent opportunity to learn, and the social ties that are created between motherand young 18 Goodall to describe the social unit as

9、a family. The mother19;there is some evidenceto 20 that ties also continue between siblings of the same sex, that is "brother12345yC67891011luencedD121314151617181920Section Reading Comprehension专业资料整理Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosi

10、ng A, B, C or Dr answerson ANSWER SHEET 1Text 1New figures fromFrance,Germany and Italy-the three biggest economies in the 12 country Eurozone-suggest thecontinent's economic woes may have been exaggerated.In France, evidence emerged that consumer spending remainedsolid in July and August,rising

11、1.4%and 0.6%respectively.Forecasters had generally expected the July figure to show a0.1% slippage,with August unchanged.But the figures were flattered slightly by a down grade to the June figure,to 0.7% from1.5%.With manufacturing in the doldrums across Europe and the US,consumer spending has been

12、increasingly seen as thebest hope of stopping the global economic slowdown from turning into a recession.The French government said the news proved that the economy was holding up to the strain of the slowdown.Meanwhile in Germany,new regional price figures went someway towards calming fears about i

13、nflation in Europe'slargest economy-a key reason for the European Central Bank's reluctance to cut interest 15 states said consumer prices werebroadly stable,with inflation fallingyear on year.The informationbacked economists' expectations that inflation for thecountry as a whole is set

14、to fall back to a yearly rate of 2.1%,compared to a yearly rate of 2.6% in August,closing in on theEurotarget of 2%.The drop is partly due to last year's spike in oil prices dropping out of thecalculation.The icing on the cake was news that Italy's job market has remained buoyant.The country

15、's July unemployment ratedropped to 9.4% from 9.6% the month before,its lowest level in more than eight years.And a business confidence surveyfromquasiresearch groupISAEtold ofa general pickupin demand inthe six weeks to earlySeptember.But the news was tempered by an announcement by Alitalia,the

16、 country's biggest airline,that it will have to getrid of 2 ，500 staff to cope with the expected contraction as well as selling 12 aeroplanes. And industrial group Confindustria warned that the attacks on US targetsmeant growth will be about 1.9% this year,well short of the government's 2.4%

17、 target. And it said the budget deficit will probably be about 1.5%,nearly twice the 0.8% Italy's government has promised its European Union partners.21ABCDEuropean countries the consumer spending continues to rise22AC23i s true according to the text?.ABClculation directly leads to the drop of i

18、nflationD24A25l group Confindustria warned that.ABCDt different from the country's promiseText 2Survey results indicate that smoking and alcohol and marijuana use increased among residents of Manhattan duringthe 5 8 weeks after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center which took place on

19、September 11, 2001. Almostonethe September 11th attacks. The largest increase was in alcohol use. About onethey weredrinking more alcohol in the weeks after September 11; about 10% reported an increase in smoking, and 3.2% said they had increased their use of marijuana.The investigators found survey

20、 participants by randomly dialingNew York City phone numbers and screenedpotential respondents for Manhattan residents living in areas close to the World Trade Center. Interviews were conducted with 988 individuals between October 16 and November 15, 2001. Participants were asked about their cigaret

21、te smoking, alcohol drinking, and marijuana use habits before and after September 11. During the week prior to September 11, 2001, 22.6% of the participants reported smoking cigarettes, 59.1% drinking alcohol, and 4.4% using marijuana. After September 11th, 23.4% reported smoking cigarettes, 64.4% d

22、rinking alcohol, and 5.7% smoking marijuana. Among those who smoked, almost 10% reported smoking at least an extra pack of cigarettes a week and among those who drank alcohol, more than 20% reported imbibing at least one extra drink a day.The researchers found that people who reported an increase in

23、 substance abuse were more likely to suffer from post stress disorder (PTSD) and from depression. People who reported an increase in cigarette smoking ormarijuana use were also more likely to have both PTSD and depression, while those who reported an increase in alcohol use were more likely to have

24、depression only. Persons who were living closer to the World Trade Center were more likely to increase their cigarette smoking, but other factors such as being displaced from home, losing possessions during the attacks, or being involved in the rescue efforts were not consistently associated with in

25、creased substance use. Symptoms of panic attack were associated with an increase in the use of all substances.Increase in substance abuse did not differ significantly between men and women or among racial or ethnic groups. Demographic factors such as age, marital status, and income seemed to play a

26、more critical role in determining if the events of September 11th led to an increase in substance use.26. The survey results suggest that the largest increase in substance use was .A27. The survey participants were .28. The author is trying to show that .A B C29. What can be said about substance abu

27、se after September 11?ABto increase cigarette smoking.CDisplacementfromhome and involvementin rescue efforts were consistently associated withincreasedsubstance use.30. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?ABCon substance abuse.DThe entrepreneur, according to French economist J.B. Say, "

28、;is a person who shifts economic resources out of an areaof lower and into an area of higher productivity and yield."But SaySome define the entrepreneur simply as one who starts his or her own new and small business. For our purposes, we will define the entrepreneur as a person who takes the ne

29、cessary risks to organize and manage a business and receives the financial profits and nonmonetary rewards.The man who opens a small pizza restaurant is in business, but is he an entrepreneur? He took a risk and didsomething, but did he shift resources or start the business? If the answer is yes, th

30、en he is considered an entrepreneur. Ray Kroc is an example of an entrepreneur because he founded and established McDonaldidea, but he applied new techniques, resource allocations, and organizational methods in his venture. Ray Kroc upgraded the productivity and yield from the resources applied to c

31、reate his fastwhat entrepreneurship means.Many of the sharp, blackcontrasts between the entrepreneur and the professional have faced to a graycolor. Formerly, professionals such as doctors, lawyers, dentists, and accountants were not supposed to be entrepreneurial, aggressive, or market oriented. Th

32、ey were "above" the marketmavericks of society. They were riskall the two worlds had in common. However, increased competition, saturated markets, and a more pricehave changed the world of the professionals. Today they need to market their skills, talents, and competencies; Lawyersadvertis

33、e their services. Doctors specialize in one form of surgery. Accountingfirmsjoinwith other businesses(e.g.,consulting and law) to serve clients.Entrepreneurs exhibit many different behaviors; searching for a specific personality pattern is very difficult. Some entrepreneurs are quiet, introverted, a

34、nd analytical. On the other hand, some are brash, extroverted, and very emotional. many of them share some qualities. Viewing change as the norm, entrepreneurs usually search for it, respond to it, and treatit as an opportunity. An entrepreneur such as Ray Kroc of McDonaldtake resources and shift th

35、em to meet aneed. Making the decision to shift resources works better if a person is creative, experienced, and confident. 31.According to the first paragraph, who can be regarded as an entrepreneur?A.The CEO of a big company.B.The owner of a profitable restaurant.C.A man who started a new kind of b

36、usiness but eventually failed after 5 years because of some financial problems.D.A successful salesman.32.Which of the followings are necessary for an entrepreneur? a resource shifter one who starts a new business nonmoney a risk takerA. B. C. D.33.From the text, we learn that .A.an entrepreneur sho

37、uld be very extrovertedB.an entrepreneur should be quick to seize opportunitiesC.change is not norm in an entrepreneurD.the French economist J.B. Say is the first person who gave the definition of "entrepreneur"34.The purpose of the author in writing the passage is to .A.complete the defin

38、ition of entrepreneurB.tell the readers what is entrepreneur and the main characteristics of entrepreneursC.show what kind of people can become entrepreneursD.illustrate why Ray Kroc can become an entrepreneur35.What will most possibly follow the text?A.An example of how an entrepreneur operates.B.A

39、nother theory about entrepreneurship.C.The bad effects of entrepreneurs.D.The good effects of entrepreneurs.Text 4Modern technology and science have produced a wealth of new materials and new ways of using old materials.Forthe artist this means wider opportunities.There is no doubt that the limitati

40、ons of materials and nature of tools both restrict and shape a man's work.Observe how the development of plastics and light metals along with new methods of welding has changed the direction of sculpture.Transparent plastic materials allow one to look through an object,to see its various sidessu

41、perimposed on each other(as in Cubism or in an Xas casting was in the past.Thisnew method encourages open designs,where surrounding and intervening space becomes as important as form itself.Moreambiguousthan otherscientific inventions familiarto modern artists,butno less influential,are thepsychoana

42、lytic studies ofFreud andhisfollowers,discoveries thathave infiltrated recent art,especially Surrealism.TheSurrealists,intheir struggle to escape themonotony and frustrationsof everyday life,claimedthat dreams were the onlyhope.Turning to the irrational world of their unconscious,they banished all t

43、ime barriers and moral judgements to combine disconnected dream experiences from the past,present and intervening psychological states.The Surrealists were concernedwith overlapping emotions more than with overlapping forms.Their paintings often become segmented capsules of associative experiences.F

44、or them,obsessive and often unrelated images replaced the direct emotional message ofexpressionism.They did not need to smash paint and canvas;they went beyond this to smash the whole continuity of logical thought.There is little doubt that contemporary art has taken much from contemporary life.In a

45、 period when science has maderevolutionary strides,artists in their studios have not been unaware of scientists in their laboratories.But this has rarely beena oneour world.If breakys been a symbol of destruction.Quite thecontrary:it has been used to examine more fully,to penetrate more deeply,to an

46、alyze more thoroughly,to enlarge,isolate and make more familiar certain aspects of life that earlier we were apt to neglect.In addition,it sometimes provides rich multiple experiences so organized as not merely to reflect our world,but in fact to interpret it.36.According to the passage,it is true t

47、hat.Btistic creations have made great strides scientificallyCD37.The welding techniques.Ahanges in sculpture artsBCD38.We can learn from the text that Freud's studies.Are ambiguous than any other scientific inventionBCD39.Which of the following is true about Surrealists?Amoral judgements to comb

48、ine disconnected dream experiences.BCD40.The sentence "But this has rarely been a oneABCn become artistsDPart BIn the following article,some sentences have been removed .For Questions 41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are two extra

49、 choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Aremote Patagonian town that's just beginning to prosper by guiding tourists through the virginforests nearby isbeing shaken by the realization that it's sitting on a gold mine. Literally. 41)_Esquel&

50、#39;s plight is winning attention from international conservation and environmental groups such as Greenpeace. 42)_About3.2 millionacres already are under contract for mineral exploration in poor and sparsely settled ChubutProvince, where Esquel is, near the southern tip of South America. 43)_Meridi

51、an's project, about 5 miles outside Esquel at a higher elevation, is about 20 miles from a national park that preserves rate trees known as alerces, a southern relative of California's giant sequoia. Some of them have been growing serenely in the temperate rain forest for more than 3,000 yea

52、rs.The greatest fear is that cyanide, which is used to leach gold from ore, will drain downhill and poison Esquel's andpossibly the park's water supplies. The mine will use 180 tons of the deadly chemical each month. Although many townspeople and some geologists disagree, the company says an

53、y excess cyanide would drain away from Esquel."We won't allow them to tear things up and leave us with the toxic aftermath," said Felix Aguilar, 28, as he piloted a boatload of tourists through a lake in the Alerces National Park."We take care of things here, so that the entire wo

54、rld can hear and see nature in its pure state. The world must help us prevent this."44)_A young English botanist named Charles Darwin, the author of the theory of evolution, was the first European to see alerces, with trunks that had a circumference of 130 feet. He gave the tree its generic nam

55、e, Fitzroya cupressoides, for the captain of his ship, Robert Fitzroy.Argentina, pressed by the United States, Canada, the World Bank and other global lenders, rewrote its mining laws in the 1990s to encourage foreign investment.45)_Argentina took in more than 1 billion over the past decade by granting exploration contracts for precious metals to more than 70 foreign and domestic companies. If the country were to turn away a major investor, the message to its mining sector would be chilling. A Whether Meridian Gold Corp. gets its open B Forest ecologist Paul Alaback, a University of Monta