中考化学总复习 第二部分 专题复习 高分保障 专题二 课件 物质的转化与推断课件 新人教版 (25)

1、第三部分第三部分 题型研析高分保障题型研析高分保障题型题型 1 1 听力测试听力测试 听力试题主要考查学生听音辨义的综合能力。临沂中考英语听力试题题材多样，包括日常交际用语、常用对话和短文。从试题考查的内容看，主要是贴近学生生活、基本上没有生词的英语材料，另外辅以一部分难度略低于教材内容的实用英语。试题的形式由选择题和听写两部分组成。从考查学生的听力技能来看，临沂中考听力大致分为四种题型：1听句选图题：这个题型主要考查学生听句辨意，观察选图的能力。所涉及的话题与考生的日常学习生活息息相关，如：饮食、运动、日常作息、交通方式、活动等。2对话理解题：此题型分为短对话理解和长对话理解。简短的小对话通

2、常涉及约会、问路、购物、谈论日常发生的事情等。长对话内容较为复杂，一般长对话后面有五个小题。3短文判断正误题：此题型考查学生对所听短文的综合理解能力及信息判断能力。主要考查有情节的小故事。短文在120词左右(短文读两遍)。故事中涉及的人物活动、时间、地点、心理活动、年龄、人物与事件的对应点都是考点，另外，特别注意文段中的数字，在数字上出题的频率较高。4听对话填句/表题：该题属于笔答题，明确了考查重点，这样听起来就有较强的针对性；试题设置往往按对话内容的先后顺序，以考查细节内容为主，主要考查录音中的人物、数字、时间、地点、活动内容和方式、事物特点等。解题技法解题技法指导指导类型类型1 1 听句选

3、图题听句选图题1.首先要快速浏览所给图片，弄清楚图中信息，包括图中的人物、事物、动作及形态。建议考生可根据图片预测一些关键词，这些关键词通常应为名词或动词。2答题时要学会把握能够与图片内容相对应的关键信息。通常情况下，句子的谓语和宾语能够说明事件，是重点把握的关键信息。【例】 听句子，选择与句子内容相对应的图片。每个句子读两遍。1_ 2._3._4_ 5._【听力原文】【听力原文】 1The computer is one of the most useful inventions.2Last term，I got an “A” on my math exam.My parents were

4、very pleased with me.3Whales are larger than any other animal in the ocean.4Playing football makes him relaxed and happy.5The air is fresher in the countryside，and people can enjoy nature there.【解析】 1.快速浏览所给图片，弄清楚图中的人物、事物、动作及形态。根据读图预测一些关键词，第一幅关键词为“A”；第二幅关键词为whales；第三幅关键词为computer；第四幅关键词为countryside；

5、第五幅关键词为play football；第六幅关键词为monkey。2.在听句子时要学会把握与图片内容相对应的关键信息。通常情况下，所听句子中的谓语和宾语是重点把握的关键信息。【答案】 1.C2.A3.B4.E5.D类型类型2 2 对话理解题对话理解题1.快速浏览选项，了解有关信息和预测话题，然后再听对话的有关内容。2重点关注第二发言者，第二发言者针对前者的提问所作的回答，往往就是谈话的关键内容，通常成为对话后问题的要点。3要注意时间、地点、人物、数字和事件等，同时还要认真地做好记录。【例】 听对话和问题，根据所听内容，选择最佳答案。对话和问题都读两遍。1A.Its in front of

6、the post office.BIts between the bank and the post office.CIts next to the supermarket and across from the bank.2A.David.BPeter.CLinda.3A.He was reading at the library.BHe was playing basketball on the playground.CHe was doing his homework at home.4A.For four days.BFor three weeks.CFor two months.5A

7、.The river is badly polluted.BThere is no water in the river.CThe water is too deep.【听力原文】【听力原文】 1W：Excuse me.Is there a restaurant around here?M：Yes，there is.Just go along Bridge Street and turn left when you see the post office.Its next to the supermarket and across from the bank.Q：Where is the re

8、staurant?2M：Im going to get good grades this year.Did you make a New Years resolution，Linda?W：Yes，David，I did.Im going to learn to play the piano.How about Peter?M：Hes going to make a soccer team.Q：Who is going to make a soccer team?3W：The weather is beautiful today! But yesterdays rainstorm was the

9、 heaviest one so far this year.I was at home doing my homework yesterday at the time of the rainstorm.M：I was reading at the library at that time.Q：What was the boy doing when the rainstorm came yesterday?4W：Ive been in China for two months，but Im going back to Australia tomorrow.M：Have you traveled

10、 much?W：Yes，I have.Ive seen many interesting things.Q：How long has the lady been in China?5M：Hey，Gina.Lets go swimming in the river later this afternoon.W：I dont think I want to go，Frank.I was there last Sunday and the river was really dirty.Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish.Q：Why won

11、t Gina go swimming in the river?【解析】浏览所有小题可知：第1小题应是一道关于问路的对话理解，重点听地点；第2小题重点听人物所做的事情；第3小题应重点捕捉事件；第4小题应关注时间长短；第5小题应重点听事情的原因。【答案】 1.C2.B3.A4.C5.A类型类型3 3 听短文判断正误题听短文判断正误题此类试题往往要求考生就文章中涉及的时间(有时是变化的时间)、地点、人物(性别、年龄、多个人物之间的关系)等具体细节进行判断；就事件的原因与结果之间的逻辑关系、事件发生过程中的细节、作者的观点或者文章的中心进行推理、总结、归纳。1听录音前要充分利用间隙时间，阅读五个句子

12、，在阅读过程中，可用笔圈出或画出可能设陷阱的关键点。2要根据问题大致推测出文段的话题，从而做好心理准备，读到之前标注的关键信息处要格外注意。3听第一遍录音时，不要急于作答，应仔细把全文听完，尽可能弄清楚文章的关键信息。在听第二遍录音时，可适当地做一些记录，如：时间、地点、数字、人物、天气等。同时把可能正确的答案做上记号，检验核对答案，以减少差错。【例】 听短文，根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误，正确的用“A”表示，不正确的用“B”表示。短文读两遍。听短文前，你们有20秒的时间阅读下列句子。()1.A guide is talking to the tourists.()2.The tourist

13、s are on the way to London.()3.People in London dont like to help foreign tourists.()4.People working there often spend a lot of time visiting the museum.()5.There are many parks and gardens in the city.【听力原文】【听力原文】 Hello，ladies and gentlemen.I am your guide today.First，Id like to tell you something

14、 about London before we arrive.As you know，London is the capital of England.It lies on the River Thames.Its a very big city，with a population of about 7 million.The people are usually friendly and helpful，especially the policemen.They are always glad to tell visitors about their city.London is a bus

15、y place.People work in offices，banks or companies.They are in a hurry all the time.London is also a beautiful city.It has lots of parks and gardens.When you are in London，you should visit the London Museum.It can tell you a lot of interesting stories.You may also visit many other places of interest，

16、such as Big Ben and the River Thames.Wish you a good time!【解析】 浏览所有句子，判断短文内容与旅游有关，且极可能是导游向游客介绍伦敦的概况。第1题考查说话者的身份，要求考生听录音时注意表明其职业特征的关键词句(短文的第一、二句)，正确答案为A。第2题考查旅游者所在的地方(where)，录音中“about London before we arrive”是关键，正确答案为A。第3题考查伦敦市民对外国游客的态度，“dont like to help foreign tourists”与原文中的“The people are usually

17、 friendly and helpful，especially the policemen.”不符，故答案为B。第4题考查伦敦人的生活状况(how)，从文中“London is a busy place.”及“They are in a hurry all the time.”可知答案为B。第5题是对伦敦市容的考查，从“beautiful”及“lots of parks and gardens”等信息可知答案为A。【答案】 1.A2.A3.B4.B5.A类型类型4 4 听对话填句听对话填句/ /表题表题这类对话理解题是听一段完整的长对话，根据对话内容完成句子或补全表格中所缺的信息，对话一般读

18、三遍。做此类题目时，首先要根据题目中缺失的部分及已提供的相关信息找到要听的重点，从听力材料中找缺失信息。1听录音要充分利用间隙时间，阅读句子或表格内容。读句子或表格时，一是要把握住对话的主要话题；二是要对句子/表格中所缺的关键信息进行预测，以便听录音时特别留意。2所填词汇，既要符合对话的内容，又要符合语法的要求。名词注意单复数，动词注意过去式还是过去分词等。考生往往对这些词汇听不清楚，但对答题起着非常重要的作用。【例】 听写。听对话，根据对话内容完成下列句子，每空词数不限。对话读三遍。听对话前，你们有20秒钟的时间阅读下列句子。1Whats the date of Lindas birthda

19、y? Its the 27th of_2How old will Linda be next Friday? She will be_3What does Linda like doing? She likes _ and listening to popular music.4Who is Lindas best friend? _.5What new present will Linda get? A _ about popular music.【听力原文】【听力原文】 M：Tina，do you know its Lindas birthday next week?W：No，I dont

20、.Jim，youre her best friend.Do you know what day her birthday is?M：Yeah，of course，its on Friday.Its the 27th of June.W：How old will she be?M：She will be twelve.I want to give her a present，but I dont know what to get her.Can you help me decide?W：What does she like doing?M：She likes reading.W：Why dont

21、 you get her a book?M：She already has a lot of books.I want to get her something different.W：What else does she like doing?M：She likes listening to popular music.W：How about getting her a CD?M：Thats too expensive.I cant afford to get her a CD.W：Then I know what you should get as a new present.A maga

22、zine about popular music.Shell be pleased with her favourite things.M：Thats a great idea! Thanks，Tina.【解析】 1.材料中“Its the 27th of June.”告诉我们她的生日具体是哪一天。2.由“She will be twelve.”可知Linda下周五就十二岁了。3.根据“She likes reading.”和“She already has a lot of books.”以及“She likes listening to popular music.”我们就可确定她的爱好是

23、看书和听流行音乐。4.由“Jim，youre her best friend.”可知Linda最好的朋友是Jim。5.由“A magazine about popular music.”可知Jim 在Linda生日那天要送给她一本有关流行音乐的杂志。【答案】 1.June2.Twelve / 123.reading4.Jim5.magazine即时运用即时运用(一)听句子，选择与句子内容相对应的图片。每个句子读两遍。1_ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._FDCAB(二)听对话和问题，根据所听内容，选择最佳答案。对话和问题都读两遍。( )6.A. Its only one kilometer. B

24、Its only two kilometers. CIts about three kilometers.( )7.A. Twice a week. BTwice a month. COnce a month.( )8.A. Eating and drinking. BRunning in the hall. CTaking photos.( )9.A. The music that she can sing along with. BThe music that she can dance to. CThe music that has great lyrics.( )10.A. Becau

25、se he must meet his friends. BBecause he must study for an English test. CBecause he must study for a math test.BBCCC(三)听短文，根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误，正确的用 “A”表示，不正确的用“B”表示。短文读两遍。听短文前，你们有20秒种的时间阅读下列句子。( )11.In everyday English，colors have some special meanings.( )12.“Blue” sometimes means “sad” in spoken Engli

26、sh.( )13.“Yellow” always means “afraid” in English.( )14.We never tell a white lie to the people around us.( )15.A boy is afraid to climb up the tree.He is yellow.A ABBA(四)听写。听对话，根据对话内容完成下列句子，每空词数不限。对话读三遍。听对话前，你们有20秒钟的时间阅读下列句子。16How long havent they seen each other? Rose hasnt seen Bill for_17What i

27、s Rose busy with? Rose is busy with the _18What would Rose and her sister like to do? They would like to _19What is a good choice? _ is cheaper and closer to nature.20Why is it a good way to relax? Because its a good way to _ our school work for a while.three/3weeksexamgo to the beachCampingforget题型

28、题型 2 2 单项填空单项填空一、题型特点单项填空考查学生语言知识的综合运用能力。随着每年中考一步步的改进，该题型更加注重考查学生的实际运用能力。纯粹考查语法的题目在逐渐减少，取而代之的是着重考查单词、词组在特殊语境中的含义，考查学生在特定的语言环境下对语言意义的领悟、判断与运用能力；口语交际的比例逐步扩大；动词和主从复合句的考查是热点。二、必考点归纳冠词、代词、名词、介词、连词、形容词及副词的比较等级、动词短语、动词不定式、情态动词、时态(现在完成时、过去进行时、一般将来时、一般过去时、一般现在时、现在进行时)、感叹句、被动语态和宾语从句。解题技法指导方法方法1 1 固定搭配法固定搭配法固定

29、搭配法，就是利用学过的固定短语进行解题。【例】 Well have dinner at Qianxilong Restaurant，which is famous _ its food.Aof Bto Cfor Das【解析】 be famous for为固定词组，意为“因而出名”；be famous as也是固定词组，意为“作为而出名”。根据句意可推知千禧龙酒店因其食物而出名。【答案】 C方法方法2 2 标志词法标志词法许多题目中都有一些词，它们对快速而准确地判断答案起着重要的作用，找到这些标志词，就找到了解题的突破口。【例】 It was reported that nine Chines

30、e people_in a balloon crash (坠毁)in Egypt on February 26，2013.Aare killed Bwere killedCwill kill Dhave killed【解析】 根据“on February 26，2013”这个时间状语，我们很容易判断应为一般过去时。【答案】 B方法方法3 3 排除法排除法排除法，就是根据题干提供的信息，先把一眼就能看出的干扰项排除，缩小选择范围，然后将剩余项代入空白处进行验证。【例】 Can I come this afternoon or tomorrow morning?_is OK.Im free tod

31、ay and tomorrow.AEither BNeither CBoth DNone【解析】 根据题意，应理解为今天和明天都有空，由此排除B、D两项表示否定含义的代词。虽然both表示“两者都”，但谓语动词应使用复数形式，所以排除C项。either意为“(两者中的)任何一个”，谓语动词使用单数。【答案】 A方法方法4 4 语境分析法语境分析法语境分析法，就是根据所处的语言环境，联系上下文直接解题。【例】 Mom，I was the first to reach the top of the mountain.Good job，Jack！Im_ of you.Acareful Bproud

32、Ctired Dafraid【解析】 be careful of；be proud of；be tired of；be afraid of这四个词组都存在，但根据语境，“我”是第一个到达山顶的，妈妈肯定对此感到“骄傲”。【答案】 B方法方法5 5 前后照应法前后照应法前后照应法，就是解题前透彻理解，然后联系上下文，捕捉隐含的信息，找到正确答案。【例】 What fun The Croods is!Yeah！I like the movie，too.Its so_Aboring BscaryCinteresting Dsad【解析】 根据上句的“fun”和“I like the movie，to

33、o.”可知这部电影很有趣。【答案】 C方法方法6 6 交际法交际法交际法，就是利用交际用语的问和答来解题。【例】 I will go to the countryside to see my grandmother this afternoon，so I cant go swimming with you._AIts my pleasure. BYou are welcome.CThats a pity. DSure，I am.【解析】 根据句意，前者不能一块去游泳了，错过了一个机会，这种情况下我们使用“真遗憾”作为应答。【答案】 C方法方法7 7 还原法还原法还原法，有时也叫代入法，是仿照数

34、学中代入答案演算从而验证是否准确的一种方法。具体来讲，做题时，先读题干，分析句子结构和考查目的，然后浏览选项，根据题干把认为最有可能的选项代入到题干中去读，看是否有意义、是否符合语法、是否完整、是否符合固定搭配等，从而来判断代入的选项是否是最佳答案。【例】 I dont know how to search the Internet._Ill help you.AI hope so BDont worryCIm afraid，too DNor do I【解析】 本题考查提供帮助句型的问答。题干句意：我不知道如何上网。_。我会帮助你。先看选项，不确定哪一个合适，可把每一个选项都代入，看一看是否通

35、顺或者完整。代入A项“我希望如此，我会帮助你”，不通顺；代入C项“恐怕我也不会，我会帮你”，自相矛盾；代入D项“我也是，我会帮你”，也不符合逻辑。只有B项“不必担心，我会帮你”合适。【答案】 B即时运用即时运用1I cant find my ticket.I think I have lost _.Ait Bone Cat Don2Nice to meet you，Mr.Green.Im Sandy and this is Brad，Ken and Emily._ASee you later BYoure welcomeCPleased to meet you all DYou have a

36、point there3Pass the raincoat to me，please.It _ hard now.Here you are.Ais raining BrainedCwill rain DrainsACA4The milk shake tastes good.How do you make it?Its easy，just follow the _Adiscussions BinstructionsCresolutions Dintroductions5Could you please tell me _？Ten years ago.Awhen you taught in thi

37、s schoolBwhen did you teach in this schoolChow long you taught in this schoolDhow long did you teach in this school6Mary runs _ of all the girls in her school，and she won the 100meter race last month.Anearest Bhighest Cfastest DslowestBAC7Their classroom is as_as ours.Acleaner BcleanCthe cleanest Dm

38、uch cleaner8Tomorrow my parents will take me to Hong Kong Disneyland._ABest wishes to you! BIts a good idea.CHave a good day! DGood luck to you! 9What a bad day!Everyone has one of those days when _ goes right.Anothing BanythingCeverything DsomethingBCA10I hear youve got a new watch._ I have a look?

39、Yes，you may.ADo BMay CShould DShall11Excuse me，could I borrow your computer?_，but please give it back by Saturday.AIm sorry BOf courseCCertainly not DNo，thanks12He borrowed some money _ me and gave it_the poor man.Ato；for Bfor；toCfrom；to Dto；fromBBC题型题型 3 3 阅读理解阅读理解解题技法解题技法指导指导类型类型1 1 判断正误型阅读理解判断正误型

40、阅读理解1.本题设置5个小题，要求考生根据短文内容，判断5个句子的正误。正确的用“A”表示，不正确的用“B”表示。2文章通常在200词左右，阅读量和难度相对较小，题目内容通常是按文章内容的先后顺序设计。例题精析例题精析2017青岛中考Our skin is like a bag that we live in.Inside the bag our bodies are mostly water.Our water is like the water in the sea.It is very salty.Also，like the ocean，we can lose our water.The

41、 wind and the sun could take it away.Our bag of skin keeps our bodys ocean from drying up.Our skin keeps out sunshine.Too much sunshine can hurt us.Skin also keeps out dirt.Thats important because some kinds of dirt can make us sick.Our skin feels things.It feels warm things，cold things，things it to

42、uches，and things that hurt it.A campfire feels warm.A snowball thrown in our face feels cold and hurts us.A hug is the touch of another persons skin on our own.Our hair is a special kind of covering.It helps us keep things out of our eyes，ears and nose.Hair is also good for keeping us warm.When we g

43、et goose bumps(鸡皮疙瘩)，our body hairs stand up.Then the hairs hold air close to our skin like a thick blanket(毯子)Hair keeps animals warm，too.Some animals have more hair than others，so they have a better blanket for cold weather.Our nails(指甲)are another special skin which are very hard.They help keep o

44、ur fingers from getting hurt.Our nails arent as strong as the nails that animals have.But they are good for picking up coins.1Our skin is like a bag full of salt.【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Inside the bag our bodies are mostly water.”可知，人身体绝大部分是由水组成。故原题表述错误。【答案】 B2Our skin keeps out dirt and sunshine.【解析】 细

45、节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Our skin keeps out sunshine.”和第三句“Skin also keeps out dirt.”可知，本题的叙述是正确的。【答案】 A3Our skin helps us feel things，touch or hurt others.【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第六句“It feels warm things，cold things，things it touches，and things that hurt it.”可知，我们的皮肤可以感知到伤害它的东西，而不是皮肤帮助我们伤害其他(人或事物)。故原题表述是错误的。【答案】 B4Ou

46、r hair helps protect our eyes，ears and nose.【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“It helps us keep things out of our eyes，ears and nose.”可知，原题表述正确。【答案】 A5Our nails are weaker than the nails that animals have but can keep our fingers safe.【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二、三句“They help keep our fingers from getting hurt.Our nails ar

47、ent as strong as the nails that animals have.”可知，原题表述正确。【答案】 A技法点拨技法点拨1要保持对文段数字的敏感度。有关年份、月份、数量、倍数、时间长短等的数字往往是设题点。2要注意主语(包括人和事物)与动作(或所处的状态)的对应情况。有些题目是通过张冠李戴的方式设置的，要注意区分。3要注意时态。有些是通过在事件发生的时间上动手脚进行的。要学会通过对句子时态的判断对时间进行定位。4答题时要注意正确项的特点，回原文找答案。(1)正确项的特点：正话反说，肯定句变否定句，同义词替换，叙述角度转换而中心不变。(2)干扰项的特点：绝对化，如：only，

48、all，always，never等。偷换概念：如扩大或缩小范围，此时要特别注意名词前形容词修饰限制。片面化：如以偏概全，以枝节代主题。窜词现象或无中生有。本题难度较低，所有答案均可通过与原文进行对比得出，只要细心，想拿满分并不难。类型类型2 2 选择型阅读理解选择型阅读理解临沂中考阅读理解B篇是选择型的阅读理解，话题多为科技性的说明文。 考查方式上多为3道细节理解题和1道推理判断题或词义猜测题和1道主旨大意题。阅读指导阅读指导在平时的阅读训练中，我们可以按照以下几点来做：1抓关键句(如名词、动词、主谓宾构成的简单句及常见的几种复合句)。2抓首尾句，即中心句，也叫主题句。3在浏览题目的同时，用铅

49、笔画出有关信息，缩小寻找范围。4学会通过阅读上下文或跳读来推测词义。最后，要复读检查。答完题后，再重读一遍短文，以验证所做的答案。例题精析例题精析2017青海中考Although we all want happiness and joy every day，sometimes we still feel blueMost people can control this，but sometimes it can get worse and people fall into depression(抑郁)This year，the WHO chose “depression” as the the

50、me of World Health Day.This aims to raise peoples awareness(意识)of it.According to its recent report，about 322 million people had depression in 2015.This is more than 4 percent of the worlds population.Depression is described as a mental disorder(精神疾病)It has several symptoms (症状) like sadness and los

51、s of interest.In extreme cases，depression may lead to suicide(自杀)There are three groups of people that are more likely to develop depression，according to WHO.One is old people，while another is women who are pregnant(怀孕的)or have just given birth.And young people are also one of the three groups.In Ch

52、ina，depression among young people is on the rise，Zhu Zhuohong，a famous psychology professor told Xinhua.Competitions，especially in education，can cause a lot of pressure.Luckily，efforts are being made to solve this problem.Now several social organizations in China are trying hard to help those with d

53、epression.WHO also held the “Depression：Lets talk” campaign this month，aiming to make sure that people with depression seek and get help.1In Paragraph 1，the underlined word “blue” means “_”Athe color of the skyBsad and hopelessCsad musicDbad feeling2People with depression even want to_Aseek and get

54、help Bhave competitionChave pressure Dcommit suicide3Which of the following statement is NOT true?ADepression is a mental disorder.BPregnant women are more likely to develop depression.CPeople with depression cannot go to work.DDepression among young people is on the rise.4Depression among young peo

55、ple in China may be caused by_Apressure Blarge populationCsadness Dmental disorder5Whats the best title for the passage?ADepression developmentBDepression，a silent killerCEducation competitionsDDepression campaign【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了抑郁症患者的数量、症状、患病人群及采取阻止患抑郁病的一些措施。1B考查角度：词义猜测。解题方法：联系上下文。推理过程：前文提示“hap

56、piness”和“joy”及后文转折，故可以推断情绪为“sad and hopeless(难过和无望的)”。由于谓语动词为feel，其后跟形容词，排除D项。故选B。2D考查角度：细节理解。解题方法：寻找关键词。推理过程：文中第三段最后一句中提示“depression may lead to suicide”，意为“有自杀倾向”，故选D。3C考查角度：推理判断。解题方法：回看文章。推理过程：A选项“抑郁是一种精神疾病”、B选项“孕妇易患抑郁”和D选项“年轻人抑郁人数上升”，文中均有表示，是正确的。而C选项，文中提示“有部分人没有意识到患了抑郁，还有些学生由于教育的压力导致抑郁”等，均说明抑郁的人

57、是可以工作的。故选C。4A考查角度：细节理解。解题方法：逻辑推理。推理过程：文中第五段最后一句“Competitions，especially in education，can cause a lot of pressure.”说明教育竞争的压力导致年轻人患上抑郁。故选A。5B考查角度：标题归纳。解题方法：归纳全文。推理过程：本文主要介绍的抑郁对人们的危害。故B选项 Depression，a silent killer“抑郁，无声的杀手”符合文意，故选B。技法点拨技法点拨1细节理解题利用题目的关键词，寻找文中对应的词，在对应词周围找答案或直接在文中搜索答案。一般不能直接从某句中找到答案，而是需

58、要根据全文的多个句子或段落得出答案，这时应采用排除法来解题。2推理判断题本题型根据文中某些词、句子或段落进行推理或根据句子的语气、文章的论调和倾向进行推断。读整篇文章，理解作者意图，真理不一定是正确答案。事实推断：这种推断常常针对某一或几个具体细节进行简单的推断。进行这种推断时，要首先在文章中找出依据推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的含义。逻辑推断。对作者的意图和态度的推断。3词义猜测题解答这类题目时需要一些猜词技巧：根据上下文猜测；根据同义词或反义词猜测；根据构词法猜测；通过定义或释义猜测；根据转折、因果关系等来猜测；根据生活常识猜测。此外，对于这类题目采取“代入法”也十分有

59、效，即将备选答案逐一带入文中，哪一选项能使句子的意思通顺、连贯，且与上下文的内容一致，就是正确答案。4主旨大意题标题归纳题用以考查考生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。做此类题要注意：(1)以原文为依据；(2)只选最适合本篇文章的；(3)注意绝对化的词；(4)答案要避免以点带面，以偏概全；(5)文中没有提到的不要妄自猜测，一切以文章内容为准。主旨大意题重点关注文章的首尾句或段首句寻找主题句或纵观全文归纳总结文章的主旨大意。类型类型3 3 选词填空型阅读理解选词填空型阅读理解本题型从2017年开始由一篇文章的12选10选词填空，改为两个语篇的6选5选词填空，并且位置也发生了变化，改放在第卷中

60、的第三大题阅读理解C篇，降低了题目的难度。文章为一篇文章分为两个语篇，词数大约200词左右。该题型考查学生的综合能力，包括阅读理解能力、基础语法能力、单词拼写能力和语言表达能力等。通过观察近几年的临沂中考题可以发现，选词填空的文章多以记叙文和议论文为主，单词以实词为主，兼顾虚词。考点主要集中在：固定搭配；语义推断能力；考查关联词。阅读指导阅读指导选词填空考查的是考生对文章的整体理解，因此选词填空题的解题步骤为：1跳读全文，把握大意。考生首先应快速通读全文，了解文章的中心思想，通过对文章的分析，把握文章的背景、主题，结合每段的首句和末句，把握文章的结构。2阅读选项，词性分类。接下来要仔细阅读选项