2022年高考最新热点时文阅读－科学新知

1、2022年高考最新热点时文阅读-科学新知题型主要内容1完形填空体育比赛中穿红色衣服获胜的可能性更大2选词填空前一天在餐馆就餐的人体内与疾病相关的化学物质含量会增加35%3阅读理解乘坐过山车可以帮助肾结石病人排石4阅读理解研究发现并不是睡眠不足导致肥胖，而是超重导致睡眠质量差01（2021天津静海一中高三月考）If winning is everything, British anthropologists （人类学家） have some advice: Wear red.Their survey of four sports at the 2020 Olympic Games shows c

2、ompetitors were more I to win their contests 2 they wore red uniforms or red body armor.uAcross a 3 of sports, we find that wearing red is consistently associated with a higher probability of winning,* report Russell A. Hill and Robert A. Barton of the University of Durham in England.Their findings

3、are in Thursday's4 of the journal Nature.Red is 5 with emotions.When people get 6. their faces turn red.It's also a reason whystop signs are red.7. the color's effect may also subconsciously threaten opponents 8 athletic contests,especially when the athletes are 9 in skill and strength,

4、the researchers suggest.In their 10, the anthropologists analyzed the results of four combat sports at the summergames: boxing, tae kwon do, Greco-Roman wrestling and freestyle wrestling.In those 11, the athletes were randomly （随机地）assigned 12 protective gear and othersportswea匚Athletes13 red gear w

5、on more often in 16 of 21 rounds of competition in all fourevents.The effect was the same 14 weight classes, too: 19 of 29 classes had more red winners, and only four rounds had more blue winners.The red 15 might also come into play in team sports.The anthropologists analyzed the Euro 2020 Internati

6、onal Soccer Tournament, 16 which teams wore jerseys of different colors in different matches.They found that five teams 17 more goals and won more often when they wore shirts that were predominantly red, as 18 to blue or white jerseys.Scientists don't exactly know how wearing red might give athl

7、etes a（n） 19 .But the colordelivers hidden messages of vigor and 201. A. possibleB. probableC. likelyD. like2. A. ifB. asC. untilD. unless3. A. listB. rangeC. bunchD. reach4. A. issueB. reportC. magazineD. story5. A. regardedB. treatedC. comeD. associated6. A. angryB. pleasedC. depressedD. sad7. A.

8、NaturallyB. FortunatelyC. SimilarlyD. Strangely8. A. onB. inC. withD. to9. A. matchB. differentC. equalD. special10. A. findingB explanationC. surveyD. information11. A. affairsB. eventsC. incidentsD. matters12. A. redB. blueC. whiteD. colorful13. A. pulling onB. putting onC. dressingD. wearing14. A

9、. because ofB. instead ofC. regardless ofD. as a result of15. A. effectB. affectC. resultD. side16. A. onB. forC. inD. about17. A. completedB. scoredC. receivedD. kept18. A. foughtB. opposedC. competedD. beat19. A. achievementB. chanceC. comfortD. advantage20. A. dangerB. pleasureC. surpriseD. disap

10、pointment02（2021上海市敬业中学高三月考）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.A. association B. bannedC. linkedD. outletsE. packagingF. potentiallyG. purchased H. uncove

11、redI. recognizedJ. regularlyK. risksEating out increases levels of phthalates（酸酸盐）in the body, study finds US research? 1. 35% increase in levels of chemical linked to disease in those who dined at restaurants the previous day.Burgers and sandwiches were22.to higher phthalate levels in the research,

12、 but only if 23. at arestaurant or cafe.Eating at restaurants and fast food chains may increase exposure to24. harmful chemicals used to increase the flexibility and durability of plastic, a study has found.Researchers investigating levels of phthalates in the human body, which have been related to

13、breast cancer, asthma, type2 diabetes（哮喘，二型糖尿病）and fertility issues in the past few years, were found to be nearly 35% higher in participants who had eaten out the previous day compared with those who stayed al home. The 25. was especially strong for teenagers, researchers found. Adolescents who fre

14、quently ate at fast-food26. while out with their friends had 55% higher levels of the chemicals than young people eating at home.Pathalates are building agents frequently used in food27, as well as a number of other products including flooring, soaps and shampoos, and some forms of the chemical, hav

15、e been 28. from children's products in the US.Pathalates are everywhere, and the health 29. are worrying. The feelings suggest that dining out may be an important, and previously under30. source of exposure to phthalates for the US population.03（2021 重庆八中高一月考）Roller coasters are fast and excitin

16、g. But passing a painful kidney （肾） stone is not. The process is painful and can take a long time. But American researchers have found that a roller coaster ride just might help those suffering from a kidney stone. They say such rides help patients pass the stones with a 70 percent success rate.Davi

17、d Wartinger led the study. He found that where the person sits on the roller coaster can make a big difference. He said, "In the pilot study, sitting in the last car of the roller coaster showed about a 64 percent success rate, while sitting in the first few cars only had a 16 percent success r

18、ate."When it comes to passing kidney stones, not all roller coasters are equal. The researchers used 174 kidney stones of different shapes, sizes and weights to see if each model worked on the same ride and on two other roller coasters. They found that Big Thunder Mountain was the only one that

19、 worked. The other two roller coasters both failed the test. Wartinger said the other rides were too fast and too violent. The movement forced the stones against the side of the kidney. He said that the ideal roller coaster is rough and quick with some twists and turns.It also mattered where the sto

20、nes were located in the kidney. The researchers found that stones located in the upper part of the kidney model were passed 100 percent.Wartinger thinks roller coaster rides could really be used as an effective measure. He said that a yearly ride on a roller coaster could even prevent stones from de

21、veloping. "You need to pay attention to the warnings before going on a roller coaster, n he said " If you have a kidney stone, but are otherwise healthy and meet the requirements of the ride, you can absolutely try it. *'He adds that it*s definitely a lower cost alternative to other tr

22、eatments. And riding a roller coaster is definitely more interesting!31 . What might passing kidney stones be like?A. Uncomfortable. B. Quick.C. Enjoyable.D. Exciting.32 . Roller coaster treatment works better.A. when the person sits in the first car of a roller coaster.B. when the stone is forced a

23、gainst the side of the kidney.C. when the stone is located in the lower part of the kidney.D. when the person rides rough and fast roller coasters with twists and turns.33. What's probably the advantage of riding a roller coaster?A. It can prevent the development of kidney stones.B. It can help

24、anyone besides those with kidney stones.C. It can prevent danger because of its clear warning.D. It can apply to everyone with kidney stones effectively.34. What attitude does Wartinger have towards roller coasters for people having a kidney stone?A. Concerned. B. Disapproving. C. Favorable. D. Doub

25、tful.04（2021 重庆一中高三月考）Can staying up late make you fat? A growing body of research has suggested that poor sleep quality is linked to an increased risk of obesity （肥胖症）.But a new study found that it's not the sleep loss that leads to obesity, but rather that overweight can cause poor sleep.The r

26、esearchers discovered their findings in a very small worm, called C. elegans.Study co-author David Raizen stressed that while these findings in worms may not translate directly to humans, C. elegans offers a good model for studying humans' sleep. Like all other animals that have nervous systems,

27、 they need sleep. But unlike humans, who have complex neural circuitry （神经回路）and are difficult to study, a C. elegans has only 302 nerve cells, one of which scientists know for certain is a sleep regulator.In humans, people who get fewer than six hours of sleep per night are more likely to be obese.

28、 Moreover, starvation in humans, fruit flies, and worms has been shown to affect sleep, indicating that it is regulated, at least in part, by nutrient availability. However, the way in which sleeping and eating work in tandem （协同地）has remained unclear.The researchers genetically changed C. elegans t

29、o “turn ofT* a nerve cell that controls sleep. These worms could still eat, breathe, and reproduce, but they lost their ability to sleep.With this nerve cell turned off,the researchers saw a severe drop in ATP levels, which is the body's energy currency. fcThat suggests that sleep is an attempt

30、to conserve energy; it's not actually causing the loss of energy,MRaizen explained.The researchers knocked out the KIN-29 gene to create sleepless worms, and the mutant （突变的） C. elegans accumulated much fat. They assumed that the KIN-29 mutants did not sleep is because they were unable to releas

31、e their fat.To test this guess, the researchers again controlled the KIN-29 mutant worms,this time expressing a chemical substance that freed their fat. With that operation,the worms were again able to sleep.35. What did the new study focus on?A. The risk of suffering obesity.B. The way our body con

32、sumes energy.C. The link between obesity and sleep loss.D. The cause for poor sleep and obesity.36. What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Obesity.B. Nutrition.C. Starvation.D. Sleep.37. Why did the researchers turn off one nerve cell of the C. elegans?A. To monitor

33、its sleep quality.B. To regulate the change of ATP.C. To confirm the function of sleep.D. To find out factors affecting energy conservation.38. What might lead to obese people's sleeping problem according to the researchers?A. That their body fat fails to be freed normally.B. That their ATP leve

34、l may be greatly raised.C. That their brain signals for sleeping go wrong.D. That their KIN-29 gene is knocked out quickly.参考答案L C2. A3. B4. A5. D6. A7. C8. B9. C10. C11. B12. A13. D14. C15. A16. C17. B18. B19. D20. A【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了体育比赛中穿红色衣服获胜的可能性更大。文章通过介绍英国人类学家所做的一些分析，说明了理由。考查形容词和介词词义辨析。句意：如果获胜对您

35、来说很重要，那么英国人类学家建议您：穿红色 的衣服。他们对2004年奥运会上的四个运动项目进行了调查研究，结果表明穿红色运动服或防护外 套的运动员在比赛中获胜的可能性更大。A. possible可能的；B. probable很可能的；C. likely很可能 的；D. like 像。根据上文“If winning is everything, British anthropologists （人类学家）have some advice: Wear red."可知，英国人类学家建议穿红色的衣服参加比赛，更可能赢得比赛。be likely to do sth.“很 可能做某事”是固定短语

36、。故选C。2.考查连词词义辨析。句意同上。A. if如果；B.as当时候；C. until直到；D. unless除非。根据上文“If winning is everything, British anthropologists （人类学家）have some advice: Wear red.”可推断， 穿红色衣服是条件，用if引导条件状语从句。故选A。3.考查名词词义辨析.句意：”通过对一系列体育项目的研究，我们发现穿红色衣服通常意味着更高的 获胜可能性。”英格兰杜伦大学的拉塞尔A希尔和罗伯特A巴顿说。A. list名单；B. range范围;C. bunch 一束；D. reach 区域

37、。根据下文“we find that wearing red is consistently associated with a higherprobability of winning”可推断，研究了一系列运动，得出结论。a range o俨一系列；一些“是固定短语。 故选B 04.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的研究结果发表在本周四出版的自然杂志上。A. issue （报刊） 期号；B. report 报告；C. magazine 杂志：D. slory 故事。根据卜一文“the journal Nature”uj知，此处说的 是发现发表在周四的自然杂志期刊上。故选A。5.考查动词词义辨析。

38、句意：红色与情感有联系。A. regarded认为；B. treated对待；C.come来；D. associated联系。根据下文“When people get 6, their faces turn red.”可推断，红色与情感有联系，当人们愤怒时，他们的脸会涨得通红。be associated with”与有关: 故选D。6.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当人们愤怒时，他们的脸会涨得通红。A. angry生气的;B. pleased® 兴的；C. depressed沮氏的；D. sad伤心的。根据下文"heir faces turn red.”和常识可知，人们生气的

39、时候，脸会变红。故选A。7.考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，红色也能够在潜意识上.对竞争对手产生威慑作用，尤其当竞争双 方的技巧和力量都不相上下时.A. Naturally自然地;B. Fortunately幸运地：C. Similarly同样地;D. Strangely奇怪地。根据上文"It's also a reason why stop signs are red,“可知,红色与情感有关,这也是 为什么停车标志被做成红色的一个原因。因此同样的，这种颜色对对手也有潜意识的威慑作用。故 选C。8.考查介词词义辨析。句意：同样，在体育比赛中，红色也能够在潜意识上对竞争对手产生威

40、慑作用， 尤其当竞争双方的技巧和力量都不相上下时。A. on在上面；B. in在方面；C. with与一起；D.to朝，向。根据下文“athletic contests”并联系上文，穿红色更容易赢得体育比赛可推断， 此处说的是在体育比赛方面。故选B。9.考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. match比赛：B. different不同的：C. equal平等的：D. special 特别的。根据上文的“the color's effect may also subconsciously threaten opponents”并结合常识可推断, 特别是竞争双方的技巧和力量都不相上下时，红色

41、对对手有威慑作用。故选C。10.考杳名词词义辨析。句意：在他们的分析中，人类学家们分析了这次夏季奥运会中四项对抗性运动 的比赛结果，它们分别是拳击、跆拳道、古典式摔跤和自由式摔跤。A. finding发现；B. explanation 解释;C. survey 分析；D. information 消息。根据卜文“the anthropologists analyzed the results of fbur combat sports at the summer games: boxing, tae kwon do, Greco-Roman wrestling and freestyle wr

42、estling.”, 特别是analyze可推断，此处说的是他们的分析。故选C。11.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那些赛事中，红色的护具和运动装束被随机分配给运动员们。A. affairs 事务,私事;B. events体育赛事;C. incidents事件,事变;D. matters问题。根据下文“the athletes” 可知，此处说的是体育赛事。故选B。12.考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.red红色的；B.blue蓝色的；C. white白色的；D. colorful彩色 的。根据下文“red gear”可知，运动员带着红色的护具。故选A。13.考查动词和短语辨析。句意：在这四项赛事

43、中，穿红色防护外套的运动员在21轮比赛中共获得16 次胜利。A. pulling on对有吸引力;B. putting on上演：C. dressing穿；D.wearing穿戴。根据上文“the athletes were randomly （随机地）assigned 12 protective gear and other sportswear." "J 知， 运动员被随机分给红色的防护服，穿戴着红色护具的运动员在20轮比赛中获胜16轮。dress表示“穿 戴''不能直接跟表示“衣服”的名词作宾语，需要加介词in。故选D。14.考查固定短语辨析。句意：即

44、使在不同重量级的比赛中，红色产生的效果也是相同的。A. because of 因为：B. instead of 代替；C. regardless of 不管；D. as a result of 由于的结果。根据下文“19 of 29classes had more red winners, and only four rounds had more blue winners.”可推断，不管什么重量级，效 果都是一样的。故选C。15.考查名词词义辨析。句意：红色影响还可能会在集体运动项目中发挥效力。A. effect影响，效果； B. affecl 影响；C. result 结果;D. side

45、 方面,旁边.根据上文“The effect”和 Fincome into play in team sports”可推断，此处说的是红色的影响，作主语用名词，affect是动词。故选A”16.考查介词词义辨析。句意：人类学家们还对2004年欧洲国际足球锦标赛做了分析，就各支球队在不 同的比赛中所穿的不同颜色的队服进行比较。A.on在上面；B. for为了； C. in在里面； D. about 关于。分析句子可知,which 引导定语从句，指代 the Euro 2020 International Soccer Tournament, 根据句意，此处说的是在2004年欧洲国际足球锦标赛，用

46、介词in。故选C。17.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们发现有五支球队在穿红色基调的球衣与穿蓝色或白色球衣的对手抗 衡时，他们的进球和获胜次数都增加了。A. completed完成；B. scored得分；C. received收到;D. kept 保持。根据下文“more goals and won more often”可知，此处说的是得分更多。故选B,18.考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. fought斗争：B. opposed反对；C. competed竞争：D. beat打败。 根据上文“more goals and won more often when they wore shirt

47、s that were predominantly red”与下文 "blue or while jerseys”可推断，此处是穿红色基调的球衣的团队与穿蓝色或白色球衣的对抗。as opposed to”与 对抗”是固定短语。故选Bo19.考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学家们并不很确定穿红色衣服是如何使运动员获得优势的。但这种颜 色暗含着活力和危险的信号。A. achievement成就：B. chance机会；C. comfort舒适：D. advantage 优势。根据上文"They found that five teams 17 more goals and won m

48、ore often when they wore shirts that were predominantly red, as 18 to blue or while jerseys.”以及上文内容可知，此处说的是 穿红色衣服给予运动员的优势。故选D。20.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这种颜色暗含着活力和危险的信号。A. danger危险；B. pleasure快乐： C. surprise 惊奇：D. disappointment 失望。根据上文“the color's efleet may also subconsciously threaten opponents”可推断，红色暗含

49、着活力和危险的信号。故选A。21. H22. C23. G24. F25. A26. D27. E28. B29. K30. I【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是美国项研究发现，前一天在餐馆就餐的人体内与疾病相关的化学 物质含量会增加35%。21.考查动词和时态。句意：外出就餐会增加人体内邻苯二甲酸盐含量，美国一项研究发现，前一天在 餐馆就餐的人体内与疾病相关的化学物质含量会增加35%。由“research''和"35% increase in levels of chemical linked to disease in those who dined at re

50、staurants the previous day”可知，句子表示“研究发现前 一天在餐馆就餐的人体内与疾病相关的化学物质含量会增加35%”,因此空格处是“发现“，是uncover,句子描述过去的事情，因此时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故选H。22.考查动词和固定短语。句意：在研究中，汉堡和三明治与较高的邻苯二甲酸盐含量有关，但只在餐 馆或咖啡馆购买。由“Burgers and sandwiches"和"to higher phthalate levels in the research”可知,句子表 示“汉堡和三明治与较高的邻苯二甲酸盐含量有关“，因此空格处是“和有

51、关”，be linked to是固定 短语，意为“和.有关“，故选C。23.考查状语从句的省略。句意：在研究中，汉堡和三明治与较高的邻苯二甲酸盐含量有关，但只在餐 馆或咖啡馆购买。由“Burgers and sandwiches"和"at a restaurant orcafb”可知，汉堡和三明治是在餐馆 或咖啡馆购买的，因此空格处是“购买“，BP purchase,此处为状语从句的省略，用过去分词表被动， 故选Go24.考查副词。句意：一项研究发现，在餐馆和快餐连锁店吃饭可能会增加接触潜在有害化学物质的儿 率，这些化学物质被用来增加塑料的灵活性和耐久性.由“harmful

52、 chemicals”可知，空格处用副词修 饰形容词harmful,且根据语境可知，句子表示“在餐馆和快餐连锁店吃饭可能会增加接触潜在有害 化学物质的几率”，因此空格处是“潜在地”，故选F。25.考杳名词。句意：研究人员发现，这种关联在青少年中尤其明显。山“was especially strong”可知，此 处表示“这种关联在青少年中尤其明显“，故选A。26.考查名词。句意：经常和朋友出去吃快餐的青少年比在家吃的青少年体内的化学物质含量高55%。由“while out with their friends”可知,此处表示在外面的店里吃饭，因此空格处是“商店", HP outlet,

53、 前面没有冠词，因此空格处用复数，故选D。27.考查名词。句意：Pathalates是一种建筑剂，经常用于食品包装，以及包括地板、肥皂和洗发水在内 的许多其他产品，而在美国，某些形式的化学物质已被禁止用于儿童产品。由“used in fbod”可知， 此处表示“Pathalates经常用于食品包装“，空格处是“包装"，是packaging,故选E。28.考查动词。句意：Patha山tes是一种建筑剂，经常用于食品包装，以及包括地板、肥皂和洗发水在内的许多其他产品，而在美国，某些形式的化学物质已被禁止用于儿童产品。由“Pathalates”和“from children's p

54、roducts in the US.”可知，Palhalales被禁止用于儿童产品，因此空格处是“禁止"，是ban, Pathalates是被禁止，因此空格处用过去分词banned,故选Bc29.考杳名词。句意：Palhalales无处不在，健康风险令人担忧。由"are worrying”可知，Palhalales对健康 是有风险的，故选K。30.考查动词。句意：这些感觉表明，外出就餐可能是美国人接触邻苯二甲酸盐的一个事要来源，而且 此前还未被认识到。由“previously under source”可知,外出就餐可能是美国人接触邻苯二甲酸盐 的个重要来源，而且此前还未被

55、认识到，因此空格处是“识别'、，即recognize,是被识别，因此空 格处用过去分词表被动，故选I。31. A32. D33. A34. C【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过实验和专家观点表明，乘坐过山车可以帮助肾结石病人排石，但和过 山车种类、病人乘坐时的位置以及结石的位置有关。31.推理判断题。根据第一段中“Roller coasters are fast and exciting. But passing a painful kidney （'） stone is not. The process is painful and can lake a long time.

56、（过山车又快又刺激。但排出痛苦的肾结石却不 是这样。这个过程很痛苦，可能需要很长时间）”可知，排出肾结石会是不舒服的。故选A。32.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句"He said that the ideal roller coaster is rough and quick with some twists and turns.（他说，理想的过山车是颠簸而快速，有一些曲折）“可知，当人们乘坐颠簸而又快 速的过山车时，过山乍治疗（肾结石的）效果更好。故选D。33.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“He said that a yearly ride on a roller coaster could even prevent stones from developing.（他说，每年坐一次过山车甚至可以防止结石的形成）”可知，坐过山车可能可以防 止肾结石的发展。故选A。34.