翻译技巧及习题

1、Translation Skills Practice倍数的翻译1. n times+. n times+名词名词+that of., n times as.as.+that of., n times as.as.或或v + n timesv + n times等可译成等可译成“是是的的n n倍倍” ” 或或 ：“比比增加增加n-1n-1倍倍”。e.g.The output of cars this year is about three times as great as that of last year. 今年的汽车产量大约是去年的三倍。（或今年的汽车产量比去年多两倍左右。）2. n t

2、imes +“2. n times +“增加增加” ” 意义的比较级意义的比较级+than.+than.可译成可译成“净增净增加加”或或倍倍”。e.g. The irrigated area in this prefecture is four times bigger than 1998. 这个辖区的灌溉面积是1998的4 倍。3. “3. “增加增加”等意义的动词等意义的动词+by.+by.可译成可译成“增加了增加了”，“增加增加”等意等意义的动词义的动词+by a factor of.+by a factor of.可译成可译成“增加了增加了n-1n-1倍倍”；增加意义的动词；增加意义的

3、动词+to.+to.可译成可译成“增加到增加到或或倍倍”或或“增加了增加了n-1n-1倍倍”。e.g. The value of our industrial output this year has increase five times as compared with that of ten years ago. 今年我们的工业产值比10年前增加了4倍。The rate of inflation has increase by 3 %. 通货膨胀率增加了3%。4. Double4. Double， treble treble，quadruplequadruple，n + fold n +

4、 fold 等表示的倍数可译成等表示的倍数可译成“是是的几倍的几倍”或或“增加了增加了n-1n-1倍倍”。e.g. The efficiency of the machine has been more than treble. 这台机器的效率增加了两倍多（是过去的三倍多）。 倍数的减少1. n times as + “. n times as + “减少减少”意义的原级意义的原级+as., n times +“+as., n times +“减少减少”意义的意义的 比比较级较级+than.+than.，“减少减少”意义的动词意义的动词+n times +n times 等，可译成等，可译成“

5、比比减少减少（n-1n-1）n n 、”减少了（减少了（n-1n-1）n n、 “ “是是11n”n”、 “ “减少到减少到1 1n” n” （若（若n n 有小数点，则要换算成不带小数点的分数或百分数）。有小数点，则要换算成不带小数点的分数或百分数）。e.g. The length of the laser tube was reduced ten times. 激光管的长度缩短到110.（或：激光管的长度缩短了910。） This kind of film is twice thinner than ordinary paper， but it its quality is quite g

6、ood. 尽管这种薄膜的厚度只是普通纸张的一半，可是质量却相当好。2. “2. “减少减少”意义的动词意义的动词+by +by 可译成可译成“减少减少”、“减少减少n-1n-1n” n” 或或 “ “减少到减少到1 1n”n”、减少意义的动词、减少意义的动词+ by a factor of + by a factor of 可译成可译成 “ “减少减少n-1 n-1 n” n” 或或 “ “减少到减少到1 1n”n”、减少意义的动词、减少意义的动词+ to + to 可译成可译成 “ “减少到减少到”。e.g. The load resistance is reduced by factor

7、of 5. 负载阻抗减少到五分之一。 The company has reduced its work force from more than 15000 to 10000. 该公司将其工作人员从15 000多人裁剪到10 0000人。 Translation Skills Practice1. 1998年以来， 计算机的销售增加了五倍。2. 注册晚间上课的学生人数增加了一倍多。3. 这个小城镇的人口增加了三倍。4. 移动电话的价格降低了70%。5. 假如你使两个物体之间的距离增大道三倍，那么它们之间的万有引力就会减小到九分之一。6. 这条自动装配线使装配时间减少了五分之四。7.新产品的成本

8、使老产品的25%。8. 这台机器改善了劳动条件，使功效提高了三倍。（功效是原来的四倍）Translation Skills Practice1.The sales of computers have multipied six timeshave multipied six times since 1988. 2.The number of the students enrolled in evening classes hashas increased more than twofold.increased more than twofold.3.The population of this

9、 small town has increased by factor of four.4.The price of mobile phones was reduced by 70%reduced by 70%. .5.If you treble the distance between two objects,their gravitational attraction becomes nine times weaker.nine times weaker.6. By using an automated assembly line， the assembling time will be

10、reduced five times.reduced five times.7. The cost of new product is only about 25% as much as that of the 25% as much as that of the old one. old one. 8. The machine improves the working condition and raises efficiency fourfold.fourfold. 数量词的翻译数词的翻译数词的翻译英汉两种语言表示数量的方法时有不同，英汉两种语言表示数量的方法时有不同，翻译中不仅需要仔细推

11、敲如何表达，有时翻译中不仅需要仔细推敲如何表达，有时还需要进行换算。例如：还需要进行换算。例如：1. ten thousand 万 one hundred thousand 十万one hundred million 亿one billion 十亿 ten billion 百亿2. hundreds of 数百 thousands of 成千上万tens of thousands of 千千万万millions of 数百万，千百万millions of millions of 亿万decades 几十（年） scores 好几十，大量dozens 数打，数十量词的翻译量词的翻译1.1.度量衡

12、单位词的翻译：直接将量词译成对应的度量衡单位词的翻译：直接将量词译成对应的汉语。例如：汉语。例如：ton 吨 gram 克 foot 英尺 inch 英寸2. 2. 普通名词作量词则应按语境来译，必须符合普通名词作量词则应按语境来译，必须符合汉语的表达习惯。例如：汉语的表达习惯。例如：a piece of news 一则消息a colony of ants 一窝蚂蚁3. 3. 翻译时增加量词。例如翻译时增加量词。例如a chair 一把椅子 a horse 一匹马a tree 一棵树A red roses slowly from the clam sea.一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。Tr

13、anslation Skills Practice1.Petroleum, natural gas and cocal come from plants that lived 330 million years ago.2. Although there exist only about 90 elements in nature， they combine to from thousands of different substances in the world.3. Nobels original legacy of nine million dollars was invested，

14、and the interest on this sum is used today for the award which vary from $30 000 to $ 125 000.4. Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continet a new nation，conceived in liberty， and dedicated to be the proposition that all men are created equal.5. In practice，a rotor weig

15、hing about 10 tons and rotating at 3 000r.p.m. may be so well balanced that the motion，except for sound， is just perceptible.Translation Skills Practice1.石油、天然气和煤都是由3亿3千万年以前的植物形成的。2. 虽然自然界只有大约90中元素，但它们的结合可构成世界上千千万万种不同的物质。3. 诺贝尔提供的遗产原数为900万美元，这些钱投资后所得利息用作奖学金，奖金的数额从3万美元到12.5万美元不等。4. 87年前，我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创

16、立了一个新的国家，它孕育于自由之中，奉行一切人生来平等的原则。5. 实际上，一根重约10吨、每分钟3千转的转子可以平衡得非常好，以至于 除了响声外，人们几乎察觉不出它的运转。 否定句的翻译1. 1. 否定成分的转移否定成分的转移 The object did not move because I pushed on it. 这物体不是因为我推了才移动的。（原文否定谓语，译文否定状语）2. 2. 形式否定形式否定 Nobody could be too foolish this day. 这几天你怎么出洋相都不过分。 3. 3. 双重否定双重否定 With substance， there co

17、uld be no force. 没有物质就没有重力。（译成双重否定） She is not a little interested in computer games. 她对计算机游戏有浓厚兴趣。（译成肯定句）4. 4. 部分否定部分否定 Everything is not straightened our. 并非每一个问题都弄清楚了。 否定句的翻译1. 1. 强调否定强调否定 The outcome of the experiment was not half bad. 实验结果相当好。2. 2. 含蓄否定含蓄否定 The report lacks detail. 报告不够详尽。（否定包含

18、在英语动词中）1. The Theory of Relativity is above many peoples comprehension.2. A few sets of equipment are in a state of negle.3. The machine provide no power of its own.4. Both suggestions cannot be accepted by the committee.5. The problem is beyond the reach of my understanding.6. Never start to do the

19、 experiment before you have checked the instrument.Translation Skills PracticeTranslation Skills Practice1.相对论现在还有许多人不能理解。2. 一些设备处于无人管理的状态。3. 机器本身并不提供动力。4. 并非两个建议都能被委员会接受。5. 这个问题我理解不了。6. 在没检查仪器之前， 千万别做实验。 定语从句的翻译常见的定语从句翻译方法有两种：合译法和分译法。常见的定语从句翻译方法有两种：合译法和分译法。1. 合译法：合译法：把定语从句译成汉语“的”字结构，放在被修饰词的前面，从而把英语

20、的主句和定语从句合译成一个汉语单句。This is the scientist who just returned from the North Pole. 这是刚从北极归来的科学家。The sun， which had hidden in the cloud all day， now came out in its entire splendor. 整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒四射地露面了。Without rubber there would be no such automobile as we have today. 如果没有橡胶，就不会有今天这样的汽车。 定语从句的翻译2. 分译法

21、分译法; 将定语从句与主句分开，译成并列分句。I knew that Mary would tell the story to her mother， who would probably tell it to John. 我知道玛丽准会把这件事告诉她的妈妈，她妈妈多半又会把这事说 给约翰听。They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increaed. 他们找到一种新方法，采用该方法之后产量已迅速提高。 Machine tools have various uses， one of which i

22、s to make holes in metal. 机床有各种用途，其中之一是给金属钻孔。Translation Skills Practice1.An element is a sustance thatsustance that cannot be broken down into simple substance by ordinary chemical means.2.The reporter of Evening Paper wishes to write an article an article thatthat will attract public attention to

23、the matter.3. The teacher was angery， and asked John to clean the classroom，who who asked Mary，who who asked Linda，whowho pretended to hear.4. I think I should particularly thank my parents，without whosewhose help I couldnt have succeeded.5. Tom liked his sister，whowho was warm and pleasant， but he

24、did not like his brothers，whowho was indifferent and proud.Translation Skills Practice1.元素是一种物质，这种物质不能用一般的化学方法再分裂成更为简单的物质。2.晚报记者想写一片文章，以便能引起公众对这件事的注意。3. 老师十分生气，要约翰打扫教，约翰叫玛丽做，玛丽又叫琳达做，而琳达装着没听见。4. 我认为我应该特别感谢我的父母，没有他们的帮助，我不可能成功。5. 汤姆喜欢热情而可爱的妹妹，但不喜欢冷漠又高傲的哥哥。 同位语的翻译可以充当同位语的有名词、代词、介词短语、不定式等。同位语通常放在有可以充当同位语

25、的有名词、代词、介词短语、不定式等。同位语通常放在有关成分（本位语）之后，并对其内容作进一步的解释说明。关成分（本位语）之后，并对其内容作进一步的解释说明。1、 名词或代词、形容词、数词等作同位语，一般与本位语译在一起。名词或代词、形容词、数词等作同位语，一般与本位语译在一起。 You may leave it to us two. 你可以把这件事交给我们两个。 This is Mr Zhou，director of our hospital. 这是我们的医院院长周先生。 She seemed different from them all. 她似乎和他们所有人都不同。 This theory

26、 was advanced by LiSiguang，a famous Chinese geologist. 这一理论是由中国的著名地质学家李四光提出的。 同位语的翻译2. 有些同位语结构复杂一些，如由引导词引导，翻译时一般译在本位语之后，且用有些同位语结构复杂一些，如由引导词引导，翻译时一般译在本位语之后，且用标点符号隔开。标点符号隔开。 Then arose the question where we were to get themachines needed. 这时就产生了一个问题，我们到哪去找需要的机器。 They visited eight cities，for example，L

27、ondon and Paris. 他们访问了八座城市，例如伦敦和巴黎。3. 在某些含义需要进一步说明的名词（如在某些含义需要进一步说明的名词（如idea，fact，news，hope，belief， thought，doubt等）后可用等）后可用that从句作同位语，称为同位语从句。翻译时多译成该从句作同位语，称为同位语从句。翻译时多译成该名词的定语。名词的定语。 I had no idea that you were here. 我不知道你也在这儿。 Obvoiusly there was little probability that they would succeed，but they

28、 didnt mind. 很显然他们成功的可能性很小，但是他们不在意。Translation Skills Practice1.we expressed the hope that they would come and visit China again.2.The story goes that William Tell did kill the tyrant with that arrow.3.There is no probability that human beings will ever be controlled by robots.4.She went to the meet

29、ing on the supposition that people would not assail her with questions.5.Ive come from Mr Lin with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon.6.The middle-aged man is a newly elected team leader，able，open, and sincere.7.His only interest in life，playing football，has brought him many fr

30、iends.8.Their staff of 360，mostly former housewives，help the residents with their laundry and mending.Translation Skills Practice1.我们表示希望他们再次访问中国。2.传说威廉泰勒真用这支箭射死了暴君。3. 人类受机器人控制的可能性是不存在的。4. 她去参加了会议，心想人们是不会向她提许多问题的。5. 我从林先生那儿来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。6. 那位中年人是新选出的队长，他能干，开朗又陈恳。7. 他生活中唯一感兴趣的东西是踢足球，这使他交到很多朋友。8

31、. 他们有360名职工，大部分原来是家庭妇女，现在帮助居民做一些洗涤、缝补的事. 名词性从句的翻译在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，因此名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句，宾语从句，表语名词词组，因此名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。从句和同位语从句。1. 名词性名词性that-从句的翻译从句的翻译that 只起链接主句和从句的作用，本身没有词意，翻译时只译出从句只起链接主句和从句的作用，本身没有词意，翻译时只译出从句的意义即可。例如的意义即可。例如 That he is

32、still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气。John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。The fact that he has not been recently disturbs everyone in his office.近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人感到不安。 名词性从句的翻译l 用用it 作先行词结构的翻译作先行词结构的翻译l It is +名词名词+从句从句l It is a fact that. 事实是 It is an honor that. 事实

33、是l It id common knowledge that. 是常识l It is +形形 容词容词+从句从句l It is natural that. 很自然 It is strange that. 奇怪的是 l It +不及物动词不及物动词+从句从句l It seems that. 似乎 It happened that. 碰巧 l It +过去分词过去分词+从句从句l It is reported that. 据报道 It has been proved that. 已证实 名词性从句的翻译2. 名词性名词性wh-从句的翻译从句的翻译wh-包括who， whom， whoes，whoe

34、ver， what，whatever，which，whichever等连接代词和where，when，why等连接副词。翻译时既可译出这些连接词语的译文含义，又可按其实际所指变通译成“的东西”、“的地方”、“的时间”、“的原因”等How the book will sell depends on its author.这本书销售如何取决于其作者。In ones own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。The club will give whoever wins a prize.俱乐部将给得胜者发奖。My question is who w

35、ill take over presidency of the Foundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会的主席职位。 名词性从句的翻译 She will name him whatever she wants to.她高兴给他取什么名字就起什么名字。I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么时候回来。I am not sure why she refused their invitation.我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。That depends on where we shall go. 那取决于我们去哪儿。Wh-从句作主语也常用it

36、作形式主语It is not yet decided who will do that job.还没决定谁做这项工作。It remains unknown when they are going to get married.他们何时结婚依然不明。What you need is. 你需要的（东西）是How +从句+is up to you. 的方法由你决定。Where +主语+谓语+is none of your business. 什么地方与你无关Why +主语+谓语+is a secret. 为什么还是个谜。 It is not clear who. 谁还不清楚。名词性从句否定转移的翻译

37、think，believe，suppose，expect， fancy，image等动词后面宾语从句的等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到了主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词否定词转移到了主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。用肯定式。 I dont think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。 I dont believe he will come. 我相信他不会来。seem，appear等后的句的否定，转移到了前面。等后的句的否定，转移到了前面。 It doesnt seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道

38、往哪儿去。 It doesnt appear that well have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。有时整个从句的否定，转变为对谓语动词的否定。有时整个从句的否定，转变为对谓语动词的否定。 It is not a place where anyone would expect to see strange character on the street. 在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰到陌生的人。 Translation Skills Practice1.It was essential that the application forms should be sent back before the deadline.2.What the