虚拟语气与习题3解析

1、虚拟语气与习题11. 动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气1) 用wish表示现在的祝愿和抱歉。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语be用were(was),实义动词用过去式。例:Iwishtheywereathomethistime.2) 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或could+现在完成时。例:IwishIhadn'thurthimsomuch。3) 用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。其句子结构为宾语从句的结构,谓语为would/could/might+动词原形。例:1wishImightbeabletocometomorrow。2. 用在一般虚拟

2、条件句中的虚拟语气1) 表示与现在、过去、将来事实相反的假设 与现在事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句:if+主语+动词的过去式(be变were)+其他主句:主语+would(should,could,might)+动词原形+其他例:IfIwereyou,Iwouldgowithhim. 与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他主句:主语+should(would,could,might)+现在完成时+其他。例:Ifyouhadstudiedharderlastterm,youcouldhavepassedtheexam. 表示对将来事实实现的可能性不大的假设。其

3、句子结构为：从句:If+主语+should(wereto)+动词原形+其他主句:主语+would(could,should,might)+动词原形例:Ifheweretogotomorrow,hemighttellyou.2.)从句和主句要根据各自发所生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式 从句表示过去，主句表示现在。Iftheyhadstartedtheearlymorningyesterday,theywouldbeherenow. 从句表示将来，主句表示过去。IfIwerenottomakeapreparationformyexperimentthisafternoon,Iwouldha

4、vegonetoseethefilmwithyoulastnight。 从句表示过去，主句表示将来。Ifwehadn'tmadeadequatepreparations,weshouldn'tdaretodotheexperimentnextweek。 从句表示将来，主句表示现在。Ifweshouldn'thaveanexamthisafternoon,Iwouldgoshoppingnow.3. 可以引起与事实相反的方式状语从句,用虚拟语气;由asif、asthough引起的与事实相反的句子，不论主句的谓语是现在时或者说过去时，其谓语表示的时间概念和句子结构，都基本上

5、与wish后的宾语从句相同。例：Johnpretendsasifhedidn'tknowthethingatall,butinfactheknowsitverywell.(用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设)Theoldmanlookedatthepicture,hefeltasthoughhehadgonebacktotime20yearsago.(用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实)Theytalkedandtalkedasiftheywouldnevermeetagain(would+动词原形，表示与将来事实相反)4. 在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面，其宾语从句的谓语用“s

6、hould+动词原形”表示虚拟语气常用的此类动词有：表示“要求”的:ask,desire,request,demand,require,beg表示“提议、劝告、建议”的:move,propose,suggest,recommend,advise,vote表示“决定、命令”的:decide,order表示“主张”的:maintain,urge表示“同意、坚持”的:consent,insist例:Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)trytolosehisweight.Heinsistedthatwe(should)tellhimthenews.上述动词的名词形式dem

7、and,desire,requirement,advice,order,decision,recommendation,suggestion,以及necessity,preference,plan,motion,idea等名词，其后的表语从句或同位语从句，也用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气。现代英语，特别是美国英语,常省去“should”,例：Theadviceisthatwe(should)leaveatonce.Theideathatwe(should)visitGreatWallwaswarmlywelcomed.5. 在“Itis(was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that”结构

8、中,主语从句的谓语也用“should+原形动词“表虚拟语气美国英语中省去should,常用的形容词和过去分词有：表示“要求”的:required,demanded,requested,desiredo表示“建议”的:suggested,recommended,表示“迫切、紧近、重要”的:imperative,urgent,necessary,essential,important,vital表示“适当、较好”的:appropriate,advisable,better,preferable表示“可能”的:probable,possible表示“命令”的:ordered例:Itwasnecess

9、arythatwe(should)makeeverythingreadyaheadoftime.Itisrequiredthatnobody(should)smokehere虚拟语气与习题26. 由下列名词或短语引导，或含有某些词的从句中应用的虚拟语气1)“lest以免、惟恐”引导的从句用“should+动词原形”。Hetookamapwithhimlesthe(should)losehiswagthere.2) “whether不管、无论”引导的让步状语从句，有时用动词原形。Allthings,whetheryouknowordon'tknow,existintheworld.3)

10、用“wouldrather/hadrather'wouldjustassoon"表示“宁愿、但愿”,后面的宾语从句谓语用过去式或动词原形表示对将来的要求，用过去时表示对现在的愿望,用过去完成时表示对过去做的事的懊悔。Don'tliveintheworld,Iwouldrather(Iwouldjustassoon)youdie.Iwouldratheryougotomorrow.Iwouldrathereverythinghadn'thappenedinthepast.4) 用“hadhoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情,其宾语从句的谓语用“wo

11、uld+动词原形”。IhadhopedthatshewouldgototheU.S.andstudythere,butshesaidshelikedtostayinChina.5) 在“Itis(high/about)time+that”引导的定语从句中，定语从句的主谓语用一般过去时，偶尔也可以用would(或should)+动词原形，或hadrather(wouldrather)+动词原形。Itishigh(about)timethatweleft/shouldleave/hadbetterleave/hadratherleave/wereleaving.(注意与“Thisisthefirs

12、t/second.time”后从句中用现在完成时的区别。6) 用“without/butfor/intheabsenceof”表示“要不是”,“如果没有”(相当于讦itwerenotfor.)表示条件时，句中一般用虚拟语气。(也可用陈述语气)Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn'tfinishmyworkontime.Intheabsenceofwaterandair,nothingcouldlive7) 由“providing(that)/provided(that)/onconditionthat/inorderthat”引导的条件从句或目的从句，根据情况，可用虚拟语气。

13、(有时也可用陈述语气)Theyarewillingsurrenderprovidedtheyaregivenfreepassage.8)在if引导的虚拟条件句中，若有were,had,should,在书面语中可省去if，将were等提到主语前，形成倒装。Shouldtherebeagoodfilmtomorrow.Iwouldgotothetheatrewithyou.Wereitnotforyourhelp.Iwouldn'tbesucceed.例l:Christiestaredangrilyatherbossandturnedaway,asthoughoutoftheoffice.

14、A. wentB.goneC.togoD.wouldgo注释asthough或asif引导的状语从句中，从句主语和主句主语相同时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语,女如:1）Shepaused,asiftoletthepainfulmemoriespass.（省略shewanted）2）FromtimetotimeJasonturnedroundasthoughsearchingforsomeone.（省略hewere）3）Theboystarted,asifawakenedfromsomedream.（省略hewere）由此可见，本题中省略shewantedo译文克里斯蒂愤怒地盯了老板一眼并转过身

15、去，似乎想走出办公室。例2:I'dratheryoubytrain,becauseIcan'tbeartheideaofyourbeinginanairplaneinsuchbadweather.A.wouldgoB.shouldgoC.wentD.hadgone答案C.went注释主语+wouldrather后接宾语从句，从句中谓语须用虚拟语气:用一般过去时表示希望现在或将来实现的行为或状态，用过去完成时表示希望过去实现的行为或状态。本题中原因状语从句用一般现在时,暗示希望现在或将来发生的行为动作，故选C.wento译文我宁愿你乘火车去，因为我无法想象在如此恶劣的天气你呆在飞

16、机里。例3:Forthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbesothrivingasitis.A.HaditnotbeenB.WereitnotC.BeitnotD.ShoulditnotbeA.Haditnotbeen虚拟语气与习题3注释本题测试交错时间的虚拟语气。从句是表示过去时间的虚拟条件,if省略，主语it与助动词had倒装。虚拟条件句也可写成这样:Ifithadnorbeenforthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublico这是重点句型，在各类测试中常考。译文要不是老百姓

17、的及时投资,我们的公司不会像现在这样兴旺。例4:Themillionsofcalculationsinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand,allpracticalvaluebythetimetheywerefinished.A.couldloseB.wouldhavelostC.mightloseD.oughttohavelostB. wouldhavelost注释从句是省略if的虚拟条件句，谓语部分倒装,故主句谓语为wouldhave+过去分词。译文所涉及到的数百万次计算，如果用手工操作，到它们完成时已失去全部实用价值。例5:Asafetyanalysisthetarg

18、etasapotentialdanger.Unfortunately,itwasneverdone.A.wouldidentifyB.willidentifyC. wouldhaveidentifiedD.willhaveidentified答案C.wouldhaveidentified注释过去时间的虚拟语气表示过去要做而没有做的事。译文一次安全隐患分析本来会确认这个目标是潜在的危险。不幸的是，这样的分析从未做过。例6:Inthepastmengenerallypreferredthattheirwivesinthehome.A.workedB.wouldworkC.workD.werewor

19、king注释因为prefer(宁愿)是欲望动词，其后所接的宾语从句中谓语需用(should)+动词原形。译文过去男子一般都愿意他们的妻子在家里工作。例7:WhenEdisondied,itwasproposedthattheAmericanpeopleallpowerintheirhomes,streets,andfactoriesforseveralminutesinhonorofthisgreatman.A.turnoffB.turnedoffC.wouldturnoffD.hadturnedoff答案A.turnoff注释propose是欲望动词,后接的宾语从句或主语从句中谓语要用虚拟语

20、气:should+动词原形或直接用动词原形。译文爱迪生去世时，有人建议，为纪念这位伟人美国人民应关掉家中、街上和工厂里的全部电源几分钟。例8:IapologizeifIyou,butIassureyouitwasunintentional.A.offendB.hadoffendedC.shouldhaveoffendedD.mighthaveoffended答案B.hadoffended注释本题测试交错时间的虚拟条件句。was暗示，事情发生在过去，所以虚拟条件句中的谓语动词应该用表示过去时间的虚拟形式。译文假如我曾经冒犯过你，我现在向你道歉,但我向你保证，这不是故意的。例9:Theboardd

21、eemediturgentthatthesefilesrightaway.A.hadtobeprintedB.shouldhavebeenprintedC.mustbeprintedD.shouldbeprinted答案D.shouldbeprinted注释因为urgent是欲望形容词，在句中作形式宾语it的补足语,所以宾语从句中的谓语需用虚拟语气(should)+动词原形(主动态或被动态)。译文董事会认为，迫在眉睫的是马上把这些档案印出来。例10:Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,asuddenloudnoise

22、.A.beingthereB.shouldtherebeC.therewasD.therehavingbeen答案B.shouldtherebe注释shouldtherebe表示虚拟条件句中将来时间的谓语形式,if省略，所以should与there倒装。译文要是有一声巨响,这些动物会受到惊吓，这是有现实可能性的。虚拟语气强化训练1. Wereitnotforthesnowyweather,weallright.A.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.maybe2. morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.A.Ifthecaptainwer

23、eB.HadthecaptainbeenC.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen3. Ifhemetomorrow,Iwouldlethimknow.A.shouldcallB.shouldnothavebeenableC.werenotableD.arenotable4. Ifyouaskedyourfather,youpermission.A.maygetB.mightgetC.shouldhavecalledD.maybeget5. today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.Washe

24、leavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves6. Iyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.A.WasB.HadbeenC.WillbeD.Were7. HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,heourchairmannow.A.musthavebeenB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.wouldbe8. theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSundayA.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asf

25、or9. LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyIyouradviceA.followB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.havefollowed10. Ifthehorsewontoday,itthirtyracesinfiveyears.A.wouldhavewonB.wonC.musthavewonD.didhavewon11. Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,asuddenloudnoise.A.beingthereB.shouldtherebeC

26、.therewasD.therehavingbeen12. Ifyouhadn'ttakensuchalongtimetogetdressed,we'dtherebynow.A.beB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becircling13. IwishIwithher.A.wouldbeB.amC.wasD.were14. Thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishItoit.A.hadnotgoneB.havenotgoneC.didnotgoD.cannothavegone15. Georgewouldcertainlyh

27、aveattendedthemeeting,.A.fhedidn'tgetaflattireB.ftheflattirehadn'thappenedC.hadhenothadaflattireD.hadthetirenotflatteneditself16. TheteachersuggestedthatherstudentsexperienceswithESP.A.writeacompositionontheirB.towritecompositionabouttheC.wrotesomecompositionsofhisorherD.hadwrittenanycomposi

28、tionsforhis17. HespeaksChineseasfluentlyasifheaChinese.A.wereB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeen18. Lookingroundthetown,hefeltasthoughheawayforages.A.hasbeenB.wasC.isD.hadbeen19. Mostinsuranceagentswouldratheryouanythingaboutcollectingclaimsuntiltheyinvestigatethesituation.A.doB.don'tC.didn'tD.didn't

29、do20. ItisimportantthattheTOEFLofficeyourregistration.A.willconfirmB.confirmC.confirmsD.mustconfirm21. Withoutelectroniccomputers,muchoftoday'sadvancedtechnology.A.willnothavebeenachievedB.havenotbeenachievedC.wouldnothavebeenachievedD.hadnotbeenachieved22. HespeaksChineseasfluentlyasifheaChines

30、e.A.wereB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeen23. Itistimethatthegovernmentmeasurestoprotecttherarebirdsandanimals.A.takesB.tookC.hastakenD.taking24. Somepeoplearetooparticularaboutschoolrecords,insistingthateveryapplicantalldiplomasfromelementaryschooltouniversity.A.hasB.willhaveC.shouldhaveD.musthave25. Hewasvery

31、busyyesterday,otherwisehetothemeeting.A.wouldcomeB.cameC.wouldhavecomeD.hadcome26. IfIhadseenthemovie,Iyouallaboutitnow.A.wouldtellB.willtellC.havetoldD.wouldhavetold27. IhadhopedthatJohnayearinAfrica,buthestayedthereonlyforthreemonths.A.spendsB.spentC.wouldspendD.willspend28. It'shightimetheyth

32、isroad.A.mendB.mendedC.musthavemendedD.willmend29. It'sabouttimepeoplenoticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar.A.takeB.tookC.havetakenD.willtake30. He'sworkinghardforfearthathe.A.shouldfallbehindB.fellbehindC.mayfallbehindD.wouldfallbehind31. Inthepastmengenerallypreferredthattheirwivesinthehome.A.w

33、orkedB.wouldworkC.workD.wereworking32. Forachildtogiveuphislessmatureideaforamorematureone,itrequiresthatthechildpsychologicallyreadyforthenewidea.A.isB.wereC.beD.wouldbe33. Youradvicethattillnextweekisreasonable.A.shewaitsB.shewaitC.waitsheD.shewaited34. Itwasessentialthatweleasebeforetheendofthemo

34、nth.A.singB.singedC.hadsignedD.weresigning35. Iadvisedthatthesickchildahospitalassoonaspossible.A.shouldsendtoB.shouldbesentC.bewenttoD.mustbesentto36. Theworkersinthefactorydemandedthattheirpaybe20percent.A.beraisedB.wouldberaisedC.raisedD.raise37. Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybodytherules.A.o

35、beysB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey38. Mysuggestionisthatshemoreexercise,whichwilldoalotofgoodtoher.A.takesB.musttakeC.takeD.took39. IfonlyIdrivingbefore.A.learnB.learnedC.hadlearnedD.wouldlearn40. sheyesterday,shewouldmeetthefamoussingertoday.A.If,didn'tleaveB.Hadnot,leftC.Hadn't,leftD.Didn'

36、;t,leave高考虚拟语气1. -Ifhe,hethatfood.-Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.(93N)A.waswarned.wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned.wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned.hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned.hadnottaken2. Ididn'tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe,shewouldhavemetmybrother.(94N)A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome3. Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.（95N）A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.