高中化学必修1化学方程式总结

1、高中化学必修1化学方程式总结1钠及其化合物的转化关系Na20+2HCI=2NaCI+H2ONa20+2H=2Na+出0 2Na2O2+4HCI=4NaCI+02f+2H2O2Na2O2+4H+=4Na+O2f+2H2O2Na+O2Na2O2 Na20+H2O=2NaOHNa2O+H2O=2Na+20H一Na20+CO2=Na2CO3(11)2NaOH+CO2=Na2CO3+H2O20H+CO2=CO32+H2O(13)NaOH+CO2=NaHCO3OH+CO2=HCO32Na+2HCI=2NaCI+H2T2Na+2H+=2Na+H2T 4Na+O2=2Na2O-2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H

2、2T-2Na+2H2O=2Na+2OH+出T2Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O2T2Na2O2+2H2O=4Na十+40H+O2T2Na2O2+2CO2=2Na2CO3+。2(12)Na2CO3+Ca(OH)2=CaCO3J+2NaOHCO32+Ca2+=CaC03J)Na2CO3+H2O+CO2=2NaHCO3CO32+H2O+CO2=2HCO3(巧)2NaHCO3=Na2CO3+出0+CO2T或探NaHC03+NaOH=Na2CO3+出0(16)Na2CO3+2HCI=2NaCI+H2O+CO2TCO32+2H+=H20+CO2T2HC03+OH=C03+H2O(17)NaHC03+H

3、CI=NaCI+H2O+CO2THC03+H+=H20+CO2T补充：石灰水中加入少量NaHCOsCa(OH)2+NaHCO3=CaCO3J+NaOH+出0Ca2+OH+HC03=CaC03J+出0石灰水中加入过量NaHCOsCa(OH)2+2NaHCO3=CaCO3J+Na2CO3+2H2OCa2+20H+2HCO3=CaC03J+CO32-+2H2O2、铝及其化合物的转化关系KAI(SO4)24AI+2AI2O32AI+6HCI=2AICI3+3H2f2AI+6H+=2AI3+3H2?2AI+2NaOH+2H2O=2NaAIO2+3H2f2AI+2OH+2H2O=2AIO2_+3H2?AI

4、2O3+2NaOH=2NaAIO2+出0AI2O3+2OH=2AIO2+H2OAI2O3+6HCI=2AICI3+3H2OAI2O3+6H+=2AI3+3H2O AICI3+3NH3H2O=AI(OH)3J+3NH4CIAI+3NH3H2O=AI(OH)3J+3NHAI(OH)3+3HCI=AICI3+3H2O3AI(OH)3+3H=AI+3H2O NaAIO2+HCI+H2O=AI(OH)3J+NaCI或AIO2+H+H2O=AI(OH)3JAI(OH)3+NaOH=NaAIO2+2出0AI(OH)3+OH=AIO2+2H2O(12)AICI3+4NaOH=NaAIO2+3NaCI+2H2O

5、AI3+4OH=AIO2+2H2O3、铁及其化合物的转化关系 2AI(OH)3AI2O3+3H2ONaAIO2+2出0+C02=AI(0H)3J+NaHCO3AIO2+2出0+C02=AI(0H)3J+HCO(11)AI3+3出0AI(OH)3胶体+3H明矶净水Fe(0H)22Fe(0H)32*Fe2O3Fe+2HCI=FeCI2+H2f亠点燃或3Fe+202Fe3O4_Fe3O4+4CO=3Fe+4CO2咼温3Fe+4H2O(g)Fe3O4+4H2Fe+2H+=Fe2+出f-点燃2Fe+3CI22FeCI32NaCI2FeCI2+CI2=2FeCl32Fe2+CI2=2Fe3+2CI FeC

6、I2+2NaOH=Fe(OH)2J+Fe2+2OH=Fe(OH)2J4Fe(OH)2+O2+2出0=4Fe(OH)3白色沉淀迅速变成灰绿色，最后变成红褐色(ll)Fe(OH)3+3HCI=FeCI3+3出0Fe(OH)3+3H+=Fe3+3H2OFe+2FeCI3=3FeCI23+2+Fe+2Fe=3Fe Fe(OH)2+2HCI=FeCI2+2H20Fe(OH)2+2H+=Fe2+2出0 FeCI3+3NaOH=Fe(OH)3J+3NaCIFe3+3OH=Fe(OH)3JFe3+3出0-Fe(OH)3胶体+3H+(净水)22Fe(OH)3Fe2O3+3H20(13)Fe2O3+6HCI=2F

7、eCI3+3H2O+3+Fe2O3+6H=2Fe+3出0(妙FeCI3+3KSCN=Fe(SCN)3+3KCI3+Fe+3SCN=Fe(SCN)34、硅及其化合物的转化关系SiO2+2OH一=SiO32+出0高温入SiO2+Na2CO3Na2SiO3+CO2f Si+O2=SiO2高温 SiO2+2CSi+2COfSiO2+4HF=SiF4f+2出0(刻蚀玻璃)Si+4HF=SiF4f+2出f高温fSiO2+CaOCaSiO3SiO2+CaCO3=咼温CaSiO3+CO2fNa2SiO3+2HCl=H2SQ3J+2NaClLSQ32+2H=H2SQ3JNa2SiQ+H2O+CO2=H2SiO3

8、J+NazCQ或Na2SiO3+2H2O+2CO2=H2SiO3J+2NaHCO3SiO32+H2O+CO2=H2SiO3J+CO32或SQ32+2H2O+2CO2=H2SiO3J+2HCO3H2SQ3+2NaOH=Na2SQ3+2H2OH2SiO3H2O+SiO2H2SQ3+2OH=SiO32+2H2O5、氯及其化合物的转化关系Cl2HClO-Ca(ClO)2HCl-NaClOCuCl2<FeCbC12+H2O=HCl+HClOCl2+H2O=H+Cl+HClOCl2+2NaOH=NaCl+NaClO+出0点燃 2Fe+3Cl22FeCl3点燃 Cu+Cl2CuCl2 2FeCI3+C

9、u=2FeCI2+CuCl22Fe3+Cu=2Fe2+Cu2+点燃 H2+Cl22HCl或光照MnO2+4HCl(浓)=MnCI2+Cl?f+2出0MnO2+4H+2ClMn+CI2f+2H2O光照木2HClO=照2HCl+O2f2HClO照2H+2Cl+O2f2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2=CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2出0Cl2+2OH=Cl+ClO+H20工业制漂白粉漂白粉的漂白原理向漂白粉溶液中通入过量的Ca(ClO)2+H2o+C02=CaCO3J+2HClO或Ca(CIO)2+2HCl=CaCl2+2HClOCa2+2ClO+H2O+C02=CaC03J+2HCI0或ClO+H+=H

10、ClOC02:Ca(ClO)2+2H2O+2CO2=Ca(HCO3)2+2HCI0ClO+H2O+CO2=HC03+HClO6、硫及其化合物的转化关系CuSS02CaS03（S03+CaS04S+。27-H2S04）/K点燃S022H2S+S02=3S+2H20催化剂S02+。2、.加热2S03氯水S03+H20=H2SO4 S02+CaOCaS03或-S03+Ca0=CaS04-S03+Ca（0H）2=CaS04+出0S02+Ca（0H）2=CaS03J+出0S02+Ca2+20H=CaS03（+H2O2CaS03+。22CaS04S02+CI2+2出0=H2S04+2HC1Cu+2H2S0

11、4（浓）CuS04+S02T+2出0S02+CI2+2H20=4H十+S042+2CICu+2H2S04（浓）Cu"+S042+S02T+2出0C+2H2S04（浓）C02t+2S02T+2出07、氮及其化合物的转化关系N2+02咼温或放电一2N02N0+02=2N023N02+H20=2HN03+N03N02+出0=2H+2N03+N0以上三个反应为“雷雨发庄稼”原理扩展反应有：4N02+02+2H20=4HN034N0+302+2H20=4HN03Cu+4HN03（浓）=Cu（N03）2+2N02T+2出0Cu+4H*+2N03=Cu2+2N02T+2H20或C+4HN03（浓）C02f+4N02T+2H20上面两个反应主要用于气体溶于水时的计算4HN03照4N02f+02f+2H20浓硝酸见光易变黄的原因催化剂N2+3H2、高温咼压2NH3合成氨反应是人工固氮的主要途径NH3+HCI=NH4CINHQNH3T+HCIf3Cu+8HN03（稀）=3Cu（N03）2+2N0f+4出03Cu+8H+2N03一=3Cu2+2N0f+4出0NH3+H+=NH4+（水溶液中）氨气与酸均能反应生成铵盐，且与挥发性酸补充：NH4HC03丄NH3f+H20+C02f铵盐受热都易分解，但并不是所有的铵盐者B分解出氨气，女口NH4NO3、（NH4）2SO4NH4+OHN