句子成分专题讲解

1、关于句子成分专题讲解现在学习的是第一页，共43页构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分. .Definition现在学习的是第二页，共43页主要成分主要成分次要成分次要成分主语主语Subject (S)谓语谓语Predicate (V)表语表语Predicative (P)宾语宾语Object (O)定语定语Attribute状语状语Adverbial补足语补足语句子成分句子成分Object Complement (Oc)现在学习的是第三页，共43页句子成分句子成分意义意义充当词类充当词类例句例句主语主语句子叙述的主体，表示句子说的是句子叙述的主体，表示句子说的是什么人或

2、什么事什么人或什么事名、代、数、名词化的形名、代、数、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和容词、不定式、动名词和从句从句We study in HuangQiao Middle School.谓语谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态，说明主语做什么，是什征和状态，说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样么或怎么样动词或动词词组动词或动词词组She is dancing under the tree.宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象或承受者表示动作行为的对象或承受者同主语同主语Both of us like English.表语表语与联系动词连用，说明主语的身份、与联系动词连用，

3、说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的性质、品性、特征和状态的名词、形容词、副词、介名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句、从句Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定语定语用来修饰名词、代词或其他名词化用来修饰名词、代词或其他名词化的词的词形，代，数，名形，代，数，名, 副，介词短语或从句副，介词短语或从句We have eight lessons every day.状语状语修饰动词短语、形容词短语、副词修饰动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、分句以至句子，表示动作发短语、分句以至句子，

4、表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等式，结果等副词，介词短语或从句副词，介词短语或从句He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.宾语宾语补足语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词形容词，名词，介词短语等短语等She always keeps the house clean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！现在学习的是第四页，共43页v是一个是一个句子句子所叙述的所叙述

5、的主体主体，表示句子说的是，表示句子说的是什么人或什么事什么人或什么事, ,一般位于一般位于句首句首。v但在但在there be结构、疑问句结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问（当主语不是疑问词时）和词时）和倒装句倒装句中，主语中，主语不放于句首不放于句首，而位，而位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。v主语可由主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。等表示。主语主语Subject现在学习的是第五页，共43页1.During the 1990s, American country mus

6、ic has become more and more popular。2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. （名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（数词）（数词）（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）（名词化的形容词）现在学习

7、的是第六页，共43页7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.（主语从句）（主语从句）（itit作形式主语，真正的主语为后面作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）的不定式）现在学习的是第七页，共43页v说明说明主语所做的动作主语所做的动作或或具有的特征和具有的特征和状态状态。v动词或动词词组动词或动词词组在句中作谓语，一在句中作谓语，一般放在般放在主语之后主语之后。谓语谓语Predicate现在学习的是第八页，共

8、43页1、简单谓语、简单谓语：由一个：由一个动词或动词短语动词或动词短语构成。构成。 He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten oclock.2、复合谓语、复合谓语：（1）由）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词的各种变情态动词或其他助动词加动词的各种变形形构成。如：构成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由）由系动词加表语系动词加表语构成。如：构成。如： We are students.注意：注意：谓语与主语在人称与

9、数方面要保持一致谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致（主谓一致）。（主谓一致）。现在学习的是第九页，共43页v表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及及物动词和介词后面物动词和介词后面。v由由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。等来担任。宾语宾语Object现在学习的是第十页，共43页1.They went to see an exhibition yesterday.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on ti

10、me.3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（名词）（名词）（代词、动名词）（代词、动名词）（名词、数词）（名词、数词）现在学习的是第十一页，共43页4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.5.He pretended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.（名词化形容词，名词）（名词化形容词，名词）（不定式短语）（不定式短语）

11、（动名词短语）（动名词短语）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）现在学习的是第十二页，共43页（1）双宾语双宾语（间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语）Lend me your dictionary, please.To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等，等，He sent the novel to William yesterday.For: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等，等，

12、She bought a gift for her mother.（2）复合宾语复合宾语（宾语宾语+宾补宾补）They elected him their monitor.现在学习的是第十三页，共43页v只能接不定式只能接不定式做宾语做宾语 ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等，等， 如：如： He refused to

13、lend me his bike.v只能接动名词只能接动名词做宾语做宾语 admit, avoid, advise, consider, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practise, suggest等，等， 如：如：John has admitted breaking the window .v既可接不定式，也可接动名词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但做宾语，但意义不同意义不同 stop, mean, try, remember, forget, regret等。等。现在学习的是第十四页，共43页v用以说明主语的用以说明主语

14、的身份、性质、品性、身份、性质、品性、特征和状态特征和状态。v一般位于一般位于系动词（如系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后等）之后。v表语一般由表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句语及表语从句表示。表示。表语表语Predicative现在学习的是第十五页，共43页1.Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）（名词）2.Is it yours?（代词）（代词）3.The weather

15、 has turned cold.（形容词）（形容词）4.The speech is exciting.（分词）（分词）5.Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）（数词）现在学习的是第十六页，共43页6.His job is to teach English.（不定式）（不定式）7.His hobby is playing football.（动名词）（动名词）8.The meeting is of great importance.（介词短语）（介词短语）9.Time is up. The class is over.（副词）（副词）10.The truth

16、 is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（表语从句）现在学习的是第十七页，共43页用于用于连接主语和表语连接主语和表语，说明主语的身份、，说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态等。性质、品性、特征和状态等。系动词（系动词（Linking verb)状态系动词状态系动词持续系动词持续系动词表像系动词表像系动词感官系动词感官系动词变化系动词变化系动词终止系动词终止系动词现在学习的是第十八页，共43页1）状态系动词状态系动词:表示主语状态表示主语状态, be eg. He is a teacher. 2）持续系动词持续系动词:表示主语继续或保持一种表示主语继续

17、或保持一种状况或态度状况或态度, keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, standeg. He always kept silent at meeting. 3）表像系动词表像系动词:表示表示“看起来像看起来像”这一概念这一概念，seem, appear, lookeg. He seems (to be) very sad. 现在学习的是第十九页，共43页 4）感官系动词感官系动词:feel, smell, sound, taste eg. This kind of cloth feels very soft. 5）变化系动词变化系动词:表示主语变成什么样，表示主语变成

18、什么样，become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run eg. He became mad after that. 6）终止系动词终止系动词:表示主语已终止动作，表达表示主语已终止动作，表达“证实证实”，“变成变成”之意，之意， prove, turn out eg. The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success. 现在学习的是第二十页，共43页v英语中有些英语中有些及物动词及物动词，除有一个直接宾语，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句使句子

19、的意义完整子的意义完整。v带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物某些及物动词动词+ +宾语宾语+ +宾补宾补。v宾补可由宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句词、介词短语和从句充当。充当。宾语补足语宾语补足语Object complement现在学习的是第二十一页，共43页1.His father named him Dongming.2.They painted their boat white.3.Let the fresh air in.4.You mustnt force him to lend his mone

20、y to you.5.We saw her entering the room.6.We found everything in the lab in good order.7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.（名词）（名词）（形容词）（形容词）（副词）（副词）（不定式短语）（不定式短语）（现在分词）（现在分词）（介词短语）（介词短语）（从句）（从句）现在学习的是第二十二页，共43页v修饰名词或代词修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句的词、短语或从句称为定语。称为定语。v定语常由定语常由形容词，分词，名词形容词，分词，名词, , 代代

21、词，不定式短语，动名词，介词短词，不定式短语，动名词，介词短语或从句语或从句担任。担任。定语定语Attribute现在学习的是第二十三页，共43页1.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）（形容词）2.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）（分词）3.There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词）（名词）4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）（代词）现在

22、学习的是第二十四页，共43页5.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）（不定式短语）6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）（动名词）7.He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）（介词短语）8.Farmers who saw us stared at us as if we are walking skeletons. (定语从句定语从句)现在学习的是第二十

23、五页，共43页v修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。做状语。v常由常由副词，介词短语，句子副词，介词短语，句子充当。充当。状语状语Adverbial现在学习的是第二十六页，共43页1.Light travels most quickly.2.He has lived in the city for ten years. 3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（副词及副词性词组）（副词及副词

24、性词组）（介词短语）（介词短语）（不定式短语）（不定式短语）现在学习的是第二十七页，共43页4.He is in the room making a model plane.5.Wait a minute.6.Once you begin, you must continue.（分词短语）（分词短语）（名词）（名词）（状语从句）（状语从句）现在学习的是第二十八页，共43页1.How about meeting again at six?2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.3.I shall go th

25、ere if it doesnt rain. 4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（时间状语）（时间状语）（原因状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）（方式状语）10种状语种状语现在学习的是第二十九页，共43页6.She came in with a dictionary in her hand.7.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 8

26、.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 9.She works very hard though she is old.10.I am taller than he is.（伴随状语）（伴随状语）（目的状语）（目的状语）（结果状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）（比较状语）现在学习的是第三十页，共43页 p同位语（同位语（Appositive）:对前面的名词或对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、名词、数词、代词或从句代词或从句担任担任This is Mr. Zhou, our

27、 headmaster.p插入语（插入语（Parenthesis）:对一句话做一些对一句话做一些附加的解释，通常有附加的解释，通常有to be honest , I think (suppose, believe-)等等To be frank, I dont quite agree with you.现在学习的是第三十一页，共43页（一）指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：（一）指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：v1. The students got on the school bus.v2. He handed me the newspaper.v3. I shall answer yo

28、ur question after class.v4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!v5. They went hunting together early in the morning.S.AttributeO.PredicateAdverbialAttributeAdverbialAdverbialExercises现在学习的是第三十二页，共43页v6. His job is to train swimmers.v7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.v8. There is going t

29、o be an American film tonight.v9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.v10. His wish is to become a scientist.v11. He managed to finish the work in time.v12. Tom came to ask me for advice.v13. He found it important to master English.AttributePredicativeO.PredicateS.PredicateS.PredicativePredicateO.A

30、dverbialAO.RO.现在学习的是第三十三页，共43页v14. Do you have anything else to say?v15. To be honest，your pronunciation is not so good.v16. Would you please tell me your address?v17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.v18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.v19. He noticed a man enter the room.v20.

31、 The apples tasted sweet.O.AttributeParenthesisO.AdverbialAdverbialAS.PredicativeO.C.O.C.Predicative现在学习的是第三十四页，共43页指出下列诸句中画线部分是什么成分：指出下列诸句中画线部分是什么成分：v On the left of my house is an old church.v Why could the boiling point of water be lower at the top of a mountain?3. I am not going to work today.4.

32、 This thing is for peeling potatoes.5.What time will you arrive?6.The Genie promised that if anyone should come and set him free, he would make him very rich.7. What nationality are you?S.S.V.Prep.O.Adv.O.C.Predicative现在学习的是第三十五页，共43页8. I couldnt understand why he had decided to retire at 50. 9. I a

33、m terribly confused by all this information.10. We had already reached 9000 feet by then.11. She reminded me to switch off all the lights.12. Ill be able to pass my driving test after I have had a few lessons.13. I love swimming. It keeps me fit.14. It is obvious that money doesnt grow on trees.Adve

34、rbialV.O.C.O.O.C.S.O.现在学习的是第三十六页，共43页(二二)划分句子成分划分句子成分1.we are working .2.I can swim very well .3.The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me .4.Why does the wind blow .5.The rain has been pulling down for a whole day .6.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music .7.Jim asked you to give his best wishes to

35、everyone .8.You must get the car ready by tomorrow .现在学习的是第三十七页，共43页9.I have a lot of clothes to wash . I have a lot of clothes to be washed .10.He gave his son some advice on reading .11.Read me the first paragraph .12.Ive ordered some soup for you .13.He began leaning English ten years ago .14.My being late worried my teacher .15.That president himself would visit our school excited all of us .16.April Day is the special day of the year when you play